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HISTORIC PHILADELPH LA 








FRANCIS BURKE BRANDT 
HENRY VOLRMAR ae 


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From George Harding’s mural painting in the Central City Office of the 
Corn Exchange National Bank, Philadelphia 


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BYWAYS AND BOULEVARDS 
-IN AND ABOUT 


BESO h Geert ADELPHTA 


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Byways and Boulevards 


IN AND ABOUT 


Historic Philadelphia 


BY 


FRANCIS BURKE BRANDT 


AND 


HENRY VOLKMAR GUMMERE 


WITH FIVE ORIGINAL DRAWINGS BY FRANK H. TAYLOR AND MORE THAN 
THREE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PRINTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS BY LYDIA 
FLAGG GUMMERE, PHILIP B. WALLACE, W. V. CHAPPELL AND OTHERS 


I pray you, let us satisfy our eyes 
With the memorials and the things of fame 
That do renown this city. 

— TWELFTH NIGHT 


CORN EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK 


MAIN OFFICE CENTRAL CITY OFFICE 
CHESTNUT ar SECOND STREET Nos. 1510-1512 CHESTNUT STREET 


ih R by ee awe bel de hale 





CONAGERNG les 


a) 


Foreword . 

Table of Historic Routes 

Philadelphia —The Sesqui-Centennial co 

Historic Facts About Philadelphia 

Historic Routes 1 to 26 

The National Government in Philsdelonen 

The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—Summary Route A 

The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—Summary 
Route B. ; 

Table of Highway Routes asi saa for Philadelpies 

Highway Routes I to XII . 

Bulletin of Information for Auto-Tourists 


The Sesqui-Centennial International Exposition, Piiladeini 


1926 
List of Illustrations 
General Index 
Map of Highway Routes 


Map of Philadelphia . 


Copyright, 1925, by the 
Corn Exchange National Bank, Philadelphia 


v 
~ 
v 


Printed in the United States of America 


Made by The Haddon Craftsmen, Inc. 
Camden, N. J. 


4 


THE GETTY CENTER 
LIBRARY 


I9 
21-259 
257 
263, 


ake 
283 
284-310 
apes 


ou we 
314 
316 
319 


320 


“Proclaim liberty throughout all the land and unto all the inhabitants 
thereof.’’—Lev. xxv: v, x. 


VROCLTA \M 





i J 


THE LIBERTY BELL 


It summons every American citizen to the old homestead of the nation. 
1776—Philadelphia—1926 


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FOREWORD 


Tur Corn Excuance Nationat Bank takes pleasure in helping to make 
Philadelphia better known to its own citizens and to visitors from afar in a 
way unique among guide books. 

The present volume should bring motorists flocking to Philadelphia. It 
should also stimulate new uses for the automobile at home. For the book does 
more than tell about Philadelphia, it shows how to visit and enjoy every nook 
and corner of the nation’s greatest historic city. It does this chiefly in the form 
of attractive motor routes, which embrace all the places and memorials of 
historic and scenic importance in and about Philadelphia. It is a book therefore 
to be used in an automobile, not merely to be read in a library. It will be found 
most valuable as an exact historic auto-guide to the old homestead of the nation. 

Several special features will appeal to the auto-tourist. Not only are 
definite directions given by which the chief sights of the city and its surround- 
ings may be reached, but the minimum time necessary to visit and inspect them 
is fully indicated. For convenience and quick reference the “Descriptive 
Itineraries”’ show in bold-faced type the exact mileage location of the site or 
relic described. The visitor limited in time to one or more days will find useful 
the “Summary Sight-Seeing Tours,’”’ which cover the important points of 
interest. Frequent visitors to Philadelphia will find in this guide “‘something 
new” for every occasion. The long-distance tourist, reaching or leaving Phila- 
delphia by one of the great highway routes, will find the scheduled “‘ Detours” 
attractive and, in the long run, time-saving. The doctor, the lawyer, the 
banker, the business man, the teacher, the churchman, the industrial worker, 
and the social worker, as well as the general sight-seer, will find something 
that appeals to his special interest. Moreover, every user of the book will 
discover that it is a guide to a series of auto-outings every one of which teems 
with scenic and kaleidoscopic experiences not set down in the text. 

The illustrations in the book deserve a word of comment. They are a 
revelation of the surprising extent and variety of Philadelphia’s historic treas- 
ures. No single book on Philadelphia has ever given so complete a pictorial 
record of the city. Acknowledgment is here made of the courtesy of officials of 
the Academy of Fine Arts, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, National Museum 
in Independence Hall, and others too numerous to mention. The Rau Studio, 
the Newell Studio, Henry C. Howland, and EdgarS. Nash also deserve mention 
for some of the best pictures in the book. 

So much of Philadelphia’s history is national history that nearly every 
aspect of it has been treated in many charming books in many charming ways. 
The racy literary philosopher has cast his reviving spell over the forgotten 
and the familiar. The specialist has treated with illumination his technical 
phase of the wealth of material. ‘The historian has told over and over the 
delightful stories of persons and places. It is believed, however, that this new 
approach to an old field will also be found not without value. 

It should be noted that the repetitions in the book are intentional, and, 
it is hoped, will be found to add to its usefulness and pleasure. It will be obvious 
that many of the directions are given for the benefit of the visiting stranger. 
In the interest of completeness the return trip to City Hall is always scheduled. 
The sketch maps will be found useful by visitors. 

The official designation and approval of this book by Colonel David C. 
Collier, Director General of the Sesqui-Centennial International Exposition, 
as the Official Historic Auto-Guide of the Sesqui-Centennial Exhibition As- 
sociation, adds to its value as a souvenir of the birthplace of the nation. 





BROAD AND WALNUT STREETS—LOOKING NORTH TO CITY HALL 


The building at the left is the Manufacturers’ Club. The City Hall is at Broad and Market Streets, 
where all routes in this book start and terminate. Home of the city and county offices and of all the county 
courts, the City Hall is the largest single building in the world, containing 750 rooms. It accommodates, 
A Bs only a part of the 20,997 municipal employees under Mayor W. Freeland Kendrick and City 
Council. 


8 





TABLE OF HISTORIC ROUTES 


LANDMARKS OF THE EARLY SWEDES 

Memoriats oF WILLIAM PENN . 

Tue FounpiInGc AND FouNDERS OF GERMANTOWN 
Tue ANCIENT CHURCHES 

Some Earty CoLontaL Homes . 

Retics AND REMINDERS OF THE INDIANS 

In THE Footsters or FRANKLIN 

GEORGE WASHINGTON IN PHILADELPHIA 

A PinGRIMAGE TO VALLEY ForGE 

NotasBLeE REVOLUTIONARY MANSIONS 

CHARLES THOMSON—FiIrst SECRETARY OF CONGRESS 
Rospert Morris anp THE First Banks 

Davin Rirrennouse—First PractricaL SCIENTIST 
Fitcu anpD FULTON AND THE First STEAMBOATS 
BensAMIn West—Tue Quaker ARTIST 

OLtp SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLMASTERS 

Tue Earty Mepicat PRACTITIONERS 

Historic Mementos or Law anp LAWYERS 
Some Earty American Homes 

SOUVENIRS OF THE Earty ARTISTS 

Txomas LEIPER AND THE BEGINNINGS OF RAILROADS 
STEPHEN GIRARD—PaTRIOT AND PHILANTHROPIST 
Tracks AND TRACES OF BayarpD TAYLOR 
THEATRES AND AcToRS OF OLDEN Days 
Literary Curios AND LANDMARKS 


PHILADELPHIA’s OLpEST INDUSTRIES 


Tur NationaAL GOVERNMENT IN PHILADELPHIA 
“THe WILLIAM PENN SIGHT-SEEING TouUR” 


“Tur GEORGE WASHINGTON SIGHT-SEEING TouR” 





Route 1 
Route 2 
Route 3 
Route 4 
Route 6 
Route 6 
Route 7 
Route 8 
Route 9 
Route 10 
Route 11 
Route 12 
Route 13 
Route 14 
Route 15 
Route 16 
Route 17 
Route 18 
Route 19 
Route 20 
Route 21 
Route 22 
Route 23 
Route 24 
Route 25 


Route 26 


Route 27 
Summary Route A 


Summary Route B 


CITY HALL TOWER AT NIGHT 


By day and by night the heroic figure of William Penn dominates the landscape for miles beyond 
the City’s limits, which extend sixteen miles to the northeast, eight miles to the southwest, five miles to 
the southeast, and eleven miles to the northwest. 





= PHILADELPHIA ~ 


The Sesqui-Centennial City 


HE celebration of the 150th anniversary of the Signing of the Declaration of Independence 
and the birth of American freedom is an event of such national and international impor- 
tance that the eyes of the nation, and indeed of the whole world, naturally centre and focus 
on Philadelphia—the Sesqui-Centennial City. 
Cw 


As the arena of the nation’s past, Philadelphia is without a peer among American cities. 
More than a city of historic memories, Philadelphia is a city of historic memorials. Here 
still stand the halls in which were enunciated the principles of human rights that gave birth to 
free institutions. Here are the very houses where the patriotic men of old assembled and 
first framed the legislative foundations of free government. Here are the historic scenes where 
the Revolutionary leaders and soldiers fought and sacrificed for the principles and institutions 
at stake. Here are still visible mansions, sites, and relics that remind us that not brick and 
mortar but sentiment and character build a nation. The Philadelphia of the past survives 
in the Philadelphia of to-day; and cherished shrines and homes, historic industries and insti- 
tutions, stirring relics of Colonial, Revolutionary and early National days make the city a living 
and perpetual fountain of patriotic inspiration. 

Go 


As a register of national progress and prosperity after 150 years of American Independence, 
Philadelphia of to-day is even more impressive and inspiring. In the brief period of a century 
and a half’since the first Continental Congress met in 1774, population and industries, natural 
resources and transportation, and all forms of civic and social activities have grown and 
developed with giant strides, and in full keeping with the spirit and genius of a free people. 

ow 


In Philadelphia to-day may be seen the great and growing Port of Philadelphia, through 
which flows the unmeasured natural resources of the country and the state: bituminous and 
anthracite coal, iron and other mine wealth, products of forest and farm, the output of giant 
iron and steel industries, and the diversified manufactured products of creative industry. 
The great Penn boulevard along Delaware Avenue, the magnificent municipal piers for coast- 
wise and ocean traffic, the elevated and belt-line means of transportation, the spacious manu- 
facturing and storage plants lining the Delaware river front, the river crowded with shipping, 
and the new giant Delaware River bridge, all offer inspiring evidence of the growth and progress 
since the days when William Penn first landed at Dock Street, and Benjamin Franklin came 
ashore in Philadelphia near the spot where John Fitch later established on the Delaware 
the first steamboat service in the world. 

Gw9o 


Throughout the city and its suburbs one finds to-day multiplied evidence of the pro- 


gressive march of American democracy in the last century and a half. Some of the more 
important facts showing the growth and progress of the Philadelphia of to-day follow: 


The original city of Philadelphia contained two square miles; in 1854, city and county 
were made co-terminous, making the total area to-day over 129 square miles, embracing 1,718 
miles of streets. 

In 1790 the population of Philadelphia city and county was 54,391; in 1876 it was 817,448; 
to-day it is over 2,100,000. 

11 


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Philadelphia—The Sesqui-Centennial City 


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THE RISING OLD CITY—AS SEEN ACROSS RITTENHOUSE SQUARE 


This picture reveals the astonishing growth of the city west of City Hall. Flanking the Square are 
new skyscraping apartment houses and the fast rising Penn Athletic Club, planned to be the greatest 
clubhouse in the world. Across the railroad tracks into Broad Street Station stands out the mammoth 
new building of the Insurance Company of North America, and beyond it the dominating white tower 
of the new Elverson Building. 


In 1777 the number of houses in Philadelphia was 3,863; to-day Philadelphia has 430,242 
buildings, of which 410,136 are dwellings, 6,875 shops and factories, 794 office buildings, 
and 1,004 churches 


In 1770 the tota revenue of the city of Philadelphia was £800; in 1925 the city budget 
for municipal expenditures was $69,377,482; the latest real estate assessments of the city 
showed property valued at $2,747,153,000. 


The first native white child born on Philadelphia soil saw light at Second and Walnut 
Streets in 1680; the number of native born persons in Philadelphia recorded in the last census 
was 1,290,253. 


In 1688 the first public protest against human slavery was presented to the Philadelphia 
Yearly Meeting of Friends; the number of negro citizens in Philadelphia shown by the 
last census was 134,229. 

The first public industry on Philadelphia soil was the Swedish mill erected at Cobb’s 
Creek in 1643; to-day Philadelphia has 6,583 manufacturing establishments, employing 


278,591 wage earners; the total value of production of all classes of industry in the last year 
recorded was $1,653,281,300. 


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Philadelphia—The Sesqui-Centennial City 


Philadelphia has sixteen existing industries that antedate the Constitution itself; to-day 
it ranks first in the United States in the manufacture of hosiery and knit goods; first in 
leather, tanned, curried and finished; first in carpets and rugs; first in hats, fur-felt; first in 
cotton lace; first in oilcloth; first in saws; first in locomotives; first in cars for street railways. 


In a single year the value of the products of the textile industries of Philadelphia was 
$455,639,000; the value of metal and metal products was $273,589,900; the value of the 
chemical and allied products was $161,301,500. 


The value of sugar refined in Philadelphia in 1922 was $114,409,000, exceeding that of 
all other products. 


The value of printing and publishing products comes second at $100,295,100; and woolen 
and worsted goods is a close third at $87,219,800. 


The Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce, with a membership of 5,127, is the largest 
commercial organization in the United States, excepting only the national organization. 


The Philadelphia Public School System began in 1818; to-day it has enrolled 277,859 
pupils, taught by 7,227 teachers, in 371 school buildings. 


The Philadelphia Central High School was established in 1836 and was the first public 
high school in the United States outside of New England; to-day Philadelphia has eleven 
Senior High Schools and twelve Junior High Schools, with a Senior High School enrollment 
of 30,131, and a Junior High School enrollment of 21,215. 


Philadelphia to-day is the home of 292 newspapers and other publications, including the 
oldest daily newspaper in America, and the oldest illustrated weekly. 


- Franklin’s Subscription Library, the first in America, began in 1731 with a handful of 
books; to-day the Free Library of Philadelphia owns 656,234 bound volumes in 73 languages, 
and besides the magnificent new building on the Parkway, includes 28 branch libraries. 


Philadelphia to-day has 41 Play-grounds and Recreation Centres, and 31 Swimming 


Pools, including the Bathing Beach at League Island Park; in addition there are 2,892 acres 
of public parks and park areas, not including Fairmount Park, embracing 3,597 acres. 


The Philadelphia Musical Fund Hall was organized in 1824; the Academy of Music was 
opened in 1857; to-day Philadelphia is known widely as the home of the Philadelphia Orchestra, 
established in 1901. 


The first theatre within Philadelphia’s city limits was the old Chestnut Street Theatre, 
built in 1793; to-day 49 theatres, and more than 170 photo-play houses, serve the city. 


Founded in 1732, the State in Schuylkill Fishing Company, still flourishing as the oldest 


club in the world, was adequate to Philadelphia’s needs up to Revolutionary times; to-day 
Philadelphia has over 700 clubs or social organizations. 


When William Penn landed in 1682, there was a hotel at Dock Creek to greet him—the 
Blue Anchor Inn; to-day Philadelphia has 30 important hotels and about 2,000 smaller ones 
and apartment houses; including the new Benjamin Franklin Hotel, with 1,200 rooms and 
1,200 baths. 


Philadelphia began its hospital service with the Pennsylvania Hospital (1754); to-day it 
has 72 hospitals, three of them municipal institutions. 


The old Swedish block-house church began its services in 1677; Philadelphia to-day is a 
city of a thousand churches (1,004). 


The first Jewish congregation in Philadelphia, the Mikve Israel, was organized as early 
as 1747; to-day there are 152 Jewish congregations in Philadelphia. 


15 


Philadelphia—The Sesqui-Centennial City 


The first volunteer fire company in America was established in Philadelphia in 1737; 
to-day the Philadelphia Fire Department includes 59 steam fire-engines, and 29 hook and 
ladder companies. 


The Philadelphia Bureau of Police numbers 4,943 persons, including 4,200 patrolmen, 
and a Police Band numbering 65 musicians. 


The first omnibus line in Philadelphia was established in 1831; horse cars were introduced 
in 1858; the first electric cars, hailed as “‘juggernauts of death,” began operation December 15, 
1892; to-day the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company owns or operates all the street railways 
in Philadelphia, in 1924 carrying 872,755,398 passengers, and employing over 6,700 persons. 


The first subway and elevated electric car line in Philadelphia was opened on Market 
Street in 1907; the Frankford ‘“L”’ was first operated November 5, 1923. 


Gas was first made in Philadelphia for exhibition purposes in 1796, for illumination in 1817, 
and the first Philadelphia Gas Company was chartered in 1835; the introduction of gas 
throughout the city and its districts was not completed until 1855; to-day the United Gas 
Improvement Company supplies the city streets with 26,813 free gas lamps, and with 11,489 
paid gas lamps; the city maintains also 10,350 gasoline street lamps, and 19,116 electric 
street lamps. 


The first experimental demonstration with a telephone in Philadelphia was made by 
Alexander Graham Bell at the Centennial Exposition in 1876; to-day the Bell Telephone 
Company serves 303,490 subscribers in Philadelphia, by means of its great central plant on the 
Parkway and 44 branch exchanges. 

Electric lighting began in Philadelphia in 1882; to-day the Philadelphia Electric Com- 
pany supplies 360,677 consumers, including the power for the street car service of the Phila- 
delphia Rapid Transit Company, and the power for the electrified line of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad to Paoli. 


The oldest bank in America—the Bank of North America—was chartered in Philadelphia 
in 1781; to-day Philadelphia has six mutual saving fund societies (with deposits of $294,- 
535,823), eighty-seven trust companies and State banks (with deposits of $625,524,426), and 
thirty-two national banks (with deposits of $691,936,840). 


The Federal Reserve Bank for the Third District is located in Philadelphia. 
The first railroad to the West began in Philadelphia in 1834; to-day the Pennsylvania 


| 





NEW TWO MILLION DOLLAR OVERBROOK SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 
16 


Philadelphia—The Sesqui-Centennial City 





THE NEW FREE LIBRARY OF PHILADELPHIA—FACING THE PARKWAY AT LOGAN SQUARE 


Railroad System, with headquarters at Broad Street Station, operates a total of 27,662 miles 
of trackage: 11,602 miles of single track; 4,260 miles of double track; 934 miles of three track; 
704 miles of four track; and 10,162 miles of sidings. Over half of this trackage is west of 
Pittsburgh. ; 


In 1836 the imports through the port of Philadelphia amounted to $15,068,233, and the 
exports $3,971,555; in ten months for 1924 the imports were $172,021,656, and the exports 
$87,450,270; a high record was reached in 1919, when the exports were $522,391,091. 


we) 

The Philadelphia of to-morrow is already casting its sunshine before. Civic, industrial, 

and social leaders have well under way for the progress and welfare of the community gigantic 
public and private improvements, many of them authorized and now under construction, 
involving an aggregate expenditure of over one thousand millions of dollars ($1,048 ,499,400) : 


The proposed Pennsylvania Railroad Passenger Station, to be erected on the west bank 
of the Schuylkill River, at Thirtieth and Market Streets, is already more than an architect’s 
dream. 

Ground has been broken and construction begun on the colossal Municipal Stadium to 
be built at Broad and Pattison, designed to accommodate 125,000 spectators, and to play an 
important part in the coming Sesqui-Centennial celebration. 


The magnificent Philadelphia Museum of Art slowly but surely rises on its architectural 
acropolis overlooking the Parkway. 

The proposed Temple of Justice planned for the Parkway will prove a worthy companion 
for the superb Free Library already completed on the Parkway. 


The site for the new Municipal “‘Annex”’ to be located on the east side of Penn Square 
has been acquired and the construction of the bu'lding is completely planned and under way. 


The new: two-million dollar Overbrook Senior High School is already above its founda- 
tions, and the projected magnificent Trade School for Girls will soon be under construction. 


The Delaware River Bridge, connecting the two great commonwealths of Pennsylvania 
and New Jersey, will be completed and dedicated July 4th, 1926. 
17 


Philadelphia—The Sesqui-Centennial City 





‘PASSENGER. TE RAMINAL - PHILADELPHIA. SYLVANTA 78 #® PENNSYLVANIA: RLAILROAD  SYSTEAML 





THE COMING PENNSYLVANIA STATION, THIRTIETH AND MARKET STREETS, WEST PHILADELPHIA 


The William Penn Charter School, founded by William Penn in 1689, has just occupied 
new buildings and a campus of twenty-two acres, on School Lane, Germantown. 


The mammoth building on the Parkway of the Insurance Company of North America, 
founded in 1762, is now ready for use. 


The Penn Athletic Club, the finest athletic clubhouse in America, now being erected on 
Rittenhouse Square, is almost a reality. 


The Richmond Station of the Philadelphia Electric Company is being erected at a cost 
of $21,000,000. 


The Elverson Building, the new home of the Philadelphia Inquirer, at Broad and Callowhill 
Streets; and the magnificent Public Ledger Building, overlooking historic Independence 
Square; both under recent construction, are now ready for use. 


The proposed Chestnut Street Subway is looked forward to with eager expectation for its 
great public benefits. The Broad Street Subway, under construction, is to cost over 
$100,000,000. 


A series of well-planned diagonal avenues and highways connecting outlying districts with 
the heart of the city await official approval and action. 


The Sesqui-Centennial International Exposition will bring improvements and develop- 
ment to an important section of the city that is within a radius of four miles of the City Hall. 


The Bell Telephone Building on the Parkway, the new Elks Home at Broad and Wood 
Streets, the Westinghouse Electric Company Building at the western end of Walnut Street 
bridge, the notable Benjamin Franklin Hotel at Ninth and Chestnut Streets, are recent com- 
pletions that belong to the new era dawning on the Philadelphia of to-morrow. 


G*#9 


Highways and byways in and about Philadelphia are rich in records of the progress and 
achievements of a free people in enjoyment of 150 years of American Independence. ‘There 
is no nook or corner of Philadelphia and its surroundings not included in the routes which 
follow in the pages of this book. 


18 


HISTORIC FACTS ABOUT PHILADELPHIA 


OUNDED by William Penn in 1682, the original city extended from the Delaware River 
to the Schuylkill River and from Vine Street to South Street. 


The oldest house in Philadelphia, now standing in West Fairmount Park, was a brick 
building built by William Penn in 1682. 


The oldest business firm in Philadelphia has-been in continuous existence in the same 
family since 1687, antedating even the founding of the Bank of England. 


In 1688, in the Germantown Friends’ Meeting House, was presented the first public 
protest in America against human slavery. 


The William Penn Charter School has been in continuous existence in Philadelphia 
since 1689. 


Old Swedes’ Church, the oldest church building in Philadelphia, dates back to 1700, 
although services were begun on the present site in 1677. 


Philadelphia is the home of the oldest daily newspaper in the United States, a lineal 
descendant of Franklin’s weekly, founded in 1728. 


The first Bible in America, in a European language, was printed in Germantown in 1743. 

In Philadelphia in 1752 Franklin proved the identity of lightning and electricity by his 
famous kite-flying experiment. 

The oldest Medical School in the United States was established in Philadelphia in 1765. 

In Philadelphia was produced in 1767 the first American drama ever publicly acted. 

The first Continental Congress met in Carpenters’ Hall, September 5, 1774. 


The second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence in the old 
State House, now Independence Hall, July 4, 1776. 

Philadelphia is the ‘‘birthplace of Old Glory,” the Stars and Stripes having been adopted 
here by Congress, June 14, 1777. The Betsy Ross House is at No. 239 Arch Street. 

In the suburbs of Philadelphia was fought the Battle of Germantown, October 4, 1777. 

Philadelphia has the oldest bank on the American continent, the Bank of North America, 
chartered in 1781, and still occupying in a modern building its original site. 

In Philadelphia in 1785, John Fitch experimented on the Schuylkill River with the first 
steamboat in America, and in 1788 established on the Delaware River vetween Philadelphia 
and Trenton the first passenger steamboat service in the world. 


The Protestant Episcopal Church was formally established in the United States in 
Christ Church, Philadelphia, in 1785. 





THE NEW COLOSSAL MUNICIPAL STADIUM—BROAD AND PATTISON 


Planned to accommodate 125,000. spectators, it will be the scene of pageantry and big athletic events at the 
coming Sesqui-Centennial celebration. 


19 


HISTORIC FACTS ABOUT PHILADELPHIA 


There are sixteen business firms in Philadelphia that antedate the adoption of the Con- 
stitution of the United States (1787), in some cases by many years. 

The Constitution of the United States was framed and adopted in Philadelphia in 1787 
by the Federal Convention that met in Independence Hall. . 

Philadelphia was the capital of the United States from 1790 until 1800. 

George Washington as President of the United States lived with his family in Phila- 
delphia throughout the presidential years 1790-1797. 

The first Law School in the United States was founded in Philadelphia in 1790. 

The first United States Mint was established in Philadelphia in 1792. 

The first United States Bank was established in Philadelphia in 1795, and the building, 
the oldest bank building in America, is still in use by the Girard National Bank. 

The ‘‘Athenaeum’”’ portrait of Washington was painted by Gilbert Stuart in German- 
town in 1796. 

In Philadelphia Washington delivered his ‘‘ Farewell Address” in 1796. 

In Philadelphia in 1799 Washington was first proclatimed—“ First in war, first in peace, 
and first in the hearts of his countrymen.” 

In Philadelphia lived Robert Morris, the financier of the Revolution; Stephen Girard, 
the financier of the War of 1812; E. W. Clark, the financier of the Mexican War; Jay Cooke, 
the financier of the Civil War. 

Philadelphia is the home of the oldest art academy in America—the Pennsylvania Acad- 
emy of the Fine Arts, founded in 1805. 

The oldest existing play-house in America—the Walnut Street Theatre—was built in 
Philadelphia in 1808. 

In Philadelphia in 1809 was set up by Thomas Leiper the first experimental railroad 
in America. 

The first American novelist was Charles Brockden Brown, who was born in Philadel- 
phia in 1771 and died here in 1810. 

The first American locomotive was built by Matthias W. Baldwin in Philadelphia in 1827. 

Joseph Jefferson, of “‘Rip Van Winkle” fame, was born in Philadelphia in 1829. 

The first railroad to the West was operated from Philadelphia in 1834, supplanting the 
stage-coach, the conestoga, and the way-side inn. 

The first daguerreotype of the human face was made in Philadelphia in 1839. 

In Congress Hall is the masterpiece of the first native born American sculptor, William 
Rush (1756-1833). 

The Academy of Fine Arts possesses the greatest collection of Gilbert Stuart’s portraits 
in America. 

Poe’s home in Philadelphia is still standing at Seventh and Brandywine Streets. 

Philadelphia is a ‘‘city of firsts.’ Besides those mentioned, the list includes: the first 
paper mill, 1690; the first botanical garden, 1728; the first Masonic Lodge, 1730; the first 
subscription library, 1731; the first volunteer fire company, 1736; the first American medical 
book, 1740; the first magazine, 1741; the first American philosophical society, 1743; the first 
Shakespearean performance in America, 1749; the first fire insurance company, 1752; the 
first lightning rod, 1752; the first American Arctic expedition, 1753; the first religious maga- 
zine, 1764; the first theatre, 1766; the first type cast in America, 1772; the first abolition 
society in the world, 1774; the first American piano, 1775; the first American dispensary, 
1786; the first water works, 1799; the first zoological museum, 1802; the first carriage in the 
world propelled by steam, 1804; the first American art school, 1805; the first academy of 
natural sciences, 1812; the first school for training teachers, 1818; the first American building, 
and loan association, 1831; the first American numismatic association, 1858. 

20 


Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes 











OLD SWEDES’ CHURCH, 1700—FOUNDED 1677 


Venerable and venerated it is the most cherished memorial in Philadelphia of the early Swedish settlers. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. 





Besides exploring some quaint corners of old Philadelphia rich in ancient streets and antique houses, 
this trip includes a dozen or more miles of interesting open country. Going through the famous “Neck” 
to the mouth of the Schuylkill River, and passing near Hog Island on the way to Big Tinicum, the route 
leads from the Delaware River at Essington across the marshes and over Darby Creek to the mainland, 
concluding with a suburban section of the Chester Pike, the oldest highway in Pennsylvania. 


HE lasting memorials of the early 
Swedish settlers of Philadelphia terri- 
tory are few but fascinating. 

At the City Hall, south side, to the right 
of the arched entrance, observe the bronze 
tablet (0.0) setting forth the fundamental 
facts regarding the early Swedish settlers 
of Pennsylvania. On this tablet appear the 
names of families since distinguished in the 
annals of Philadelphia. Especially notable 
are the names of Swanson (Sven Schute), 
Stillé (Olaf Stille), and Keen (Kyn). In 
1693, for the information of William Penn, 
a list was made showing the number of 
Swedes in Philadelphia,—188 Swedish fam- 
ilies, including 907 individuals, of whom 39 
only were native Swedes, and of whom 2 
had been in the country since 1639, fifty- 
four years before Penn’s inventory, and 
forty-three years before Penn’s first landing. 

Going first to the Historical Society of 
Pennsylvania (0.5) at Locust and Thirteenth 
Streets, southwest corner, devote a few 
minutes to the several portraits of historic 
importance in relation to the early Swedes. 
Most important are those of the artist 
Gustavius Hesselius (1682-1775) and his 
wife Lydia, painted by the artist himself, 
who came to Philadelphia from Sweden in 
1711, and became the pioneer painter in 
America, antedating John Smybert in New 
England, and John Watson in New Jersey. 
These portraits are high on the west wall 
of the antechamber to the left on entrance, 
which is reached through the main doorway. 
Noticeable on the south wall in the same 
hallway are a portrait of the famous Gus- 
tavus II Adolphus, whose untimely death at 
the battle of Lutzen prevented his plans for 
Swedish colonization in America, and the 
portrait of his brilliant daughter Queen 
Christina, who in 1653 gave to “the brave 
and courageous” Lieutenant Swen Shute 
(whose family name afterwards became 
known as Swanson) a grant of land em- 


22 


bracing Kingsessing, Passyunk, and Wiccaco — 
in Southwark,—a very large section of the 
present territory of Philadelphia. Interest- 
ing, too, is the portrait of the celebrated 
Chancellor of Sweden, Count Axel Oxen- 
stierna, who during the Queen’s infancy 
raised the funds for carrying out the col- 
onization of New Swedeland on the Dela- 
ware. In a room at the left of the main 
library hall is the portrait of the famous 
Swedish Governor John Printz, who estab- 
lished the Swedish seat of government at 
Tinicum Island in 1643. 

Continuing along Fourth Street (1.3) 
which even in Franklin’s early days was 
the western outpost of the city, we reach 
the modern South Street (1.5) (Penn’s 
Cedar Street), which was the southern 
boundary of the original city of Philadel- 
phia down to 1854, when by act of con- 
solidation the old city of Philadelphia and 
Philadelphia county became coterminous. 

Crossing South Street we enter “South- 
wark,” which embraced the whole region 
south of South Street extending from the 
Delaware River to the west side of Passyunk 
Avenue, and thence to Reed Street, to 
Seventh, to Mifflin, to the Delaware River 
again. Southwark, first incorporated in 
1762, was the oldest of the nine incorporated 
“districts” which helped to make the greater 
Philadelphia of 1854. 

Turning from Fourth Street into Bain- 
bridge (1.6) (once named Shippen Street, for 
Edward Shippen, the first mayor of the 
city of Philadelphia), we enter the region, 
some 800 acres, originally possessed by the 
Swedish family of Sven, afterwards known 
by the name of Swanson, who lived at the 
foot of Christian Street in the sub-district 
long known as Wiccaco, an Indian name said 
to imply “pleasant place.” 

The route through Bainbridge Street to 
Front (1.9), and along Front to Queen, is re- 
markable for the antiquity of the houses. 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. 





Driving time about 1 hr. 45 min. Two additional hours, or more, may be well spent in stops, including 
the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 10 min.; old houses on Queen and Swanson Streets, 15 min.; Old 
Swedes’ Church, 30 min.; Essington, Tinicum Island, 35 min.; Morris Ferry House, 10 min.; Cobb’s Creek 
Dam and St. James of Kingsessing, 20 min. For full details see ‘“‘Descriptive Itinerary.” 


Mileage 


0.0 
0.4 
0.5 


1.3 
01) 
1.6 
1.9 
2.0 
Zk 
Zed 


eee 
2.3 
2.3 


2.4 
2.5 
3.5 
a7 
3.8 
4.6 
ad 
6.0 


PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. Tablet. Go south on Broad St. 

Spruce St.; turn left. 

13th and Spruce Sts.; stop and walk north one block to Locust and 13th Sts., south- 
west corner, Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Continue on Spruce St. to 

4th St.; turn right. 

Cross South St., southern boundary of city from Penn’s day until 1854. 

Bainbridge St.; turn left. 

Front St.; turn right. 

Cross Catharine St. 

Queen St.; turn left. 

Swanson St.; turn right. West side below Queen St., site of the log house of the Sons 
of Sven. 

Christian St.; turn right. Note Nos. 5 and 7 Christian St. 

South Water (formerly Otsego) St.; turn left. 

Old Swedes’ Church (‘‘Gloria Dei’’), South Water St., below Christian. Stop. Return 
on South Water St. to 

Christian St.; turn left. 

Moyamensing Ave.; turn left. 

Dead end; jog right then left on 4th St. 

Jackson St.; turn right. 

Cross 5th St.; turn immediately left into Moyamensing Ave. At 4.3 bear left. 

Cross Broad St. At 5.1 bear left. 

Penrose Ave.; turn left. 

Pass Point Breeze Driving Park. 





SWANSON TOMBSTONE—OLD SWEDES’ CHURCH EARLY “AMERICANIZATION” PAPERS 


Last reminder of the Swedish family that once owned most Penn’s document naturalizing in 1701 the builder and 


of South and West Philadelphia. pastor of Old Swedes’ Church. 
23 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. 


Crossing Catharine Street (2.0), named 
for Catharine Swanson, and passing through 
Queen Street (2.1), on the way to Chris- 
tian Street, names commemorative of Queen 
Christina of Sweden, we recall that these 
street names are Swedish landmarks. On 
Queen Street near Swanson, and on Swan- 
son Street below Queen, old Swedish houses 
(some abandoned), attract especial notice; 
cellars once underground being now the 
first stories. 

On Swanson Street (2.1), west side, be- 
tween Queen Street and Beck’s alley, is the 
site of the log home of the Swansons, orig- 
inal Swedish owners of the bigger part of 
Southwark. The house stood on a little hill, 
some thirty feet north of Beck’s alley, and 
had a large garden and various fruit trees 
behind it. It was used later as a school, 
and an eyewitness speaks of it as being one 
and a half stories high, with a piazza all 
around it, having four rooms on a floor, and 
a very large fireplace with seats in each 
jamb. Professor Peter Kalm, the Swedish 
traveller, who visited here in 1748, saw the 
house and has left a striking description of 
the home where “was heard the sound of the 
spinning wheel before the city was ever 
thought of.’ The house was taken down 
when the British occupied Philadelphia, and 
the property itself descended to Paul Beck, 
well known in the later annals of the city. 

Looking south from this site one can see 
the projecting walls of the most cherished 
landmark of the Swedes in Philadelphia,— 
“Gloria Dei,” or Old Swedes’ Church. The 
entrance is on South Water (formerly Otse- 
go) Street, a small street off Christian Street, 
between Swanson and Front. 

Turning the corner at Christian Street 
(2.2), note the antique house at Nos. 5 and 
7 Christian Street, long thought the only 
“log-house” in Philadelphia, now concealed 
by its board front, and curious as having 
been framed and floated to its present spot 
in earliest times from Chester county. 

The vista of Old Swedes’ Church that one 
gets on entering the churchyard from South 
Water Street (2.3), evokes reverence and de- 
light. A rude blockhouse stood on this site 
in 1669, and was later used by the pious 


24 


Swedes for religious services, beginning 
Trinity Sunday, 1677. The present build- 
ing was dedicated in 1700, on ground given 
by Catharine Swanson. 

To the. right.of.the church Sentrance, 
against the outside walls, is an almost oblit- 
erated tombstone which in a favorable light 
shows the name of “SWAN.” This is prob- 
ably the inscription of Swan Johnson (men- 
tioned by Watson in his “Annals” ), who was 
born in 1685 and died in 1733. 

The Swedish woodcarving of Cherubim, 
overhanging the rear gallery, and the an- 
tique baptismal font will arrest attention as 
objects brought over by early colonists. The 
inscriptions on the open Bible are significant 
not only for their meaning—(“The people 
that have walked in darkness have seen a 
great light”; “Glory to God in the High- 
est’), but also as memorials of the earliest 
use of the Swedish language in America. 
The mural tablet, on the left, to the Rev. Dr. 
Nicholas Cullin, the last of the Swedish pas- 
tors, who arrived from Sweden in 1771 and 
died in 1831, and whose death ended all con- 
nection of the American Swedish Church 
with that of Sweden, should not be over- 
looked. Of especial interest, in the center 
aisle (immediately in front of the chancel), 
is the tomb of the Rev. Andrew Rudman, the 
learned missionary sent over by Charles XI 
of Sweden, and the builder and first pastor 
of the new church. 

In the vestry-room may be seen the 
American “naturalization papers” granted 
to Andrew Rudman by. William Penn, signed 
and dated 1701, 6th month and 12th day. 

The long ride from Old Swedes’ Church 
by way of Christian Street (2.4), Moya- 
mensing Avenue, Penrose Ferry Road, Is- 
land Road, and Tinicum Avenue to the site 
of the old Swedish settlement on Tinicum 
Island (now Essington), shows the great 
extent of the southern section of the city as 
well as many evidences of widespread im- 
provement and progress since the days when 
the Swedes dwelt along the Delaware or 
were scattered widely in Moyamensing and 
Passyunk, 

Crossing Penrose Ferry (7.2), on the left, 
we get a charming view of the mouth of the 


Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. 








JOHN PRINTZ, GOVERNOR AT TINICUM QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN 
Gift of King Gustav V to the Swedish Colonial Society of This portrait of the founder of the first Swedish settle- 
Philadelphia. The original is in the church at Bottnaryd, ment on the Delaware was given to the Historical Socie-y 
Sweden, of Pennsylvania in 1877, 


25 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. 





BIG-EYED ANGELS—OLD SWEDES’ 


Early specimens of Swedish wood-carving 





CHURCH 


, these cherubim guard the record of the earliest use of the 


Swedish language in America. 


Schuylkill River, now guarded by a mighty 
commercial giant—the Girard Point grain 
elevator, but once the site of one of the 
earliest Swedish forts. 

Across the bridge (7.4), we are on the 
soil of Kingsessing, now the 40th ward of 
Philadelphia. ‘“Chinsessing” is mentioned 
in the deed given by Queen Christina to the 
Swanson family in 1653, and named on a 
map issued in 1654-55 by the Swedish en- 
gineer Lindstrom. The eye is diverted 
shortly by the Hog Island sky-line with its 
bewildering labyrinth of cranes and _ its 
forest of ship masts. The Cannon Ball 
Farm (8.2) recalls Revolutionary days when 
a British gunboat appeared in the Delaware 
and fired a shot still registered. The old 
Boon Dam Public School (9.0), and the new 
Boon Dam Public School, conserve the an- 
cient Swedish name of Boon, once Bond, 
and originally Bonde,—Andrew Bonde being 
one of the two Swedes who had been in 
the country fifty-four years when Penn made 
his inventory of the Swedes in 1693. 


26 


At Bow Creek (10.4), once the highway 
by which the Swedes paddled to their church 
at Tinicum in canoes, we cross the southern- 
most boundary of the city of Philadelphia, 
which offers striking contrast with the pres- 
ent South Street, the southernmost boundary 
of Penn’s day. 

Driving up to the doorway of the hos- 
pitable Corinthian Yacht Club (13.7), which 
overlooks the Delaware River at Essington, 
on Tinicum Island, we see on the right a 
tablet recording that the lawn and river 
front of the Club at this spot were part of 
the seat of the Swedish government during 
its occupation of the Delaware River, 1638- 
55. The Swedish Chapel was situated to the 
eastward, near the line between the Club’s 
property and that of the adjoining Rosedale, 
now Tinicum Inn. The burying ground was 
near the chapel, on what is now part of the 
Club’s lawn. The large stone doorstep be- 
neath the tablet was the step of the Chapel. 

Directly in front of Tinicum Inn, once 
marked by a flower bed, is the site of the 


Mileage 


6.5 
7.4 
8.2 
8.9 
9.0 
10.4 
10.6 
13.5 
13.6 
1337 


14.0 
15.0 


15.4 
18.7 
19.2 
19.7 
20.2 
21.2 


Palys 
23.1 





MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. 


Cross Girard Point Branch, Penna. R. R. Cross Penrose Ferry Bridge at 7.2. 

Penrose Ferry Inn; turn right, avoiding left-hand road. 

Pass Cannon Ball Farm House on left. 

Pass into Tinicum Ave. 

Boon Dam Public School. 

Pass Bow Creek into Delaware County. 

View of Hog Island, on left. 

Tinicum Inn, on left; site of mansion of the Swedish Governor, John Printz. 

Turn left into Yacht Club driveway to entrance. 

Corinthian Yacht Club, Essington. Tablet. Stop and walk through gateway to Tini- 
cum Inn. Reverse to 

Wanamaker Ave.; turn left with trolley. 

Cross bridge over Darby Creek; on left, old Morris Ferry House; 1698, on door; birth- 
place of John Morton. 

Chester Road; turn right. 

Turn right into Main St., Darby. 

Caution; R. R. grade crossing. 

Cobb’s Creek dam; site of water-mill put up by the Swedish Governor Printz, 1643. 
St. James’ Church, Kingsessing, Woodland Ave., between 68th and 69th Sts. 

59th St. and Woodland Ave. (No. 5835 Woodland Ave.), old log farmhouse, type 
used by original Swedes. 

Cross 54th St., leading to Bartram’s Garden. 

39th and Woodland Ave., University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Charles J. Stillé, Provost 
1868-80. 

Market St. at 32nd; turn right. 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 





ae 
TE ane 


SITE OF THE SWEDISH GOVERNOR’S MANSION, 1643 


The flower-bed of Tinicum Inn, at Essington on the Delaware, marks the location. The near-by Corin- 


thian Yacht Club celebrates Governor Printz as the “first American Yachtsman.” 


27 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. 





SWEDISH LOG-CABIN, DARBY CREEK, 1698 


Here was born in 1724 John Morton, descendant of an 
early Swede, and Signer of the Declaration of Independence. 


mansion house of John Printz, the Swedish 
Governor (1643), who the Corinthians 
claim had a yacht on the river and there- 
fore was the “first American yachtsman.” 


The fort, called new Gottenborg, is be- 
lieved to have been on the shore some two 
hundred yards to the westward of the club- 
house. An Indian council was held here and 
a treaty was made by the Swedes with the 
Indians on the seventeenth of June, 1654. 


The view of the river from the Club’s 
lawn across to little Tinicum Island and the 
distant Jersey shore is still primitive and 
charming. 

Returning to Philadelphia by way of 
Tinicum Avenue and Island Road (14.0), we 
soon cross Darby Creek (15.0), to the main- 
land, noting on the left, just beyond the 
bridge, the old Morris Ferry House, a time- 
worn timber house once occupied by the 
keeper of the ferry, the antiquity of which 
is also attested by the carved date on the 
door, 1698. 

This house is one of the few original log 
houses still standing and in use. It is the 
type of house described in 1702 by Thomas 
Campanius Holme, grandson of the Swedish 
pastor John Campanius, who came to Tin- 
icum with Governor Printz in 1642. In his 
“Short Description of the Province of New 
Sweden” Holme speaks of “substantial log 
houses, built of good strong hard hickory, 


28 


REAR VIEW OF JOHN MORTON’S BIRTHPLACE 


The structure of this age-worn cabin still shows the craft 
of the pioneer woodsman. 


two stories high, which was sufficient to 
secure the people from the Indians.” 


This humble old Swedish log cabin on 
Darby Creek (15.0) was the birthplace of 
John Morton (1724-1777), a delegate to the 
First Continental Congress, a signer of the 
Declaration of Independence, and forever 
distinguished as the man who left a sick bed 
to cast the deciding vote that put Pennsyl- 
vania on the side of Independence. When 
many of Morton’s old friends turned from 
him because of his action, he left them a 
death-bed message, saying: “Tell them that 
they will live to see the time when they shall 
acknowledge it to be the most glorious servy- 
ice that I ever rendered to myncouniry. 
John Morton was descended from one of 
the first Swedish settlers on the Delaware, 
the Swedish form of the ancestral name 
being Marten. His grave and monument are 
at Chester, Pa. See Route IVR (9.5; 19.4). 

Turning into Chester Pike (15.4), con- 
tinuous with Main Street (Darby), and with 
Darby Road, and finally with Woodland 
Avenue (Philadelphia), we pass over’ the 
oldest highway in Pennsylvania, begun as 
an Indian trail and developed into a road- 
way by the early Swedes. On the way we 
pass rapidly through a succession of small 
suburban towns and reach again the bound- 
ary of the city at Cobb’s Creek (19.7). 


At Cobb’s Creek (73rd and Woodland 


‘solajsnpur seiueajAsuusg jo sdejdyisiq oy} 
SL onudAW pue]pooMA pue pitZ ye jods Jn}ynnvaq 99u0 sry} ‘preAgTNog YseI1D s.qqod MoU dy} JO SuluuISeq sy} Suryieur pue UIDARL [JIG Wg PjO ou} IeON 


es 


€y9l “ITINWYALVM HSIGHMS S.ZLINIYd YONUAAOD AO ALIS—-WVdG MAAND S.a€d@09 





DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. 





= ‘i 


w 


L. 


SWEDISH TYPE OF LOG FARMHOUSE 
Woodland Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street, West Philadelphia. 


Avenue), the site of Pennsylvania’s first 
public industry, we stop to observe the dam 
across the creek and the holes in the rocky 
ledge in front of the dam. These holes are 
the last traces of the water-mill put up by 
the Swedish Governor Printz in 1643. Long 
before Philadelphia was founded, Governor 
Printz in a report to the West India Com- 
pany, February 20, 1647, said of this mill 
site: “This place I have called Mondal, 
building there a water-mill, working it the 
whole year long to great advantage for the 
country, particularly as the windmill for- 
merly here before | came would never work 
and was good for nothing.” Thomas Cam- 
panius Holme, writing in 1702, said: “Kara- 
king (the Indian name for Cobb’s Creek) 
otherwise called the Water Mill Stream, is 
a fine stream, very convenient for water- 
mills: the Governor caused one to be erected 
there. It was a fine mill, which ground both 
fine and coarse flour, and was going early 
and late; it was the first that was seen in 
that country.” 

At Woodland Avenue and Sixty-ninth 
Street (20.2), we meet another landmark of 
the early Swedish settlers in Philadelphia,— 
the historic St. James of Kingsessing, built 
by the Swedes in 1760. Facing the older 
section of the church building is a pic- 
turesque dismounting step, reminder of by- 


gone customs and ye olden days. The date- 
stone, high in the gabled front, came from 
England in 1762. St. James was the second 
of the three churches built by the Swedes, 
the third being the old Swedes’ Church at 
Upper. Merion, Christ Church, built in 1763. 
Until 1840 the records of St. James of King- 
sessing were entered upon the registers of 
the church at Wiccaco. Dr. Nicholas Cullin 
of “Gloria Dei,” the last of thes limeser 
Swedish ministers sent out as missionaries 
by the King of Sweden, even when the col- 
onies had passed under British rule, offi- 
ciated over all three Swedish Churches until 
his death in 1831. In 1786 the vestry in- 
formed his Majesty of Sweden that, while 
agreeing to receive the Rev. Mr. Cullin as 
their pastor and rector, it reserved the right 
hereafter of their own appointment of a min- 


_ ister, particularly, so this letter said, “as 


30 


the Swedish language was almost entirely 
extinct in Pennsylvania.” 3) lhe pread- 
minded answer of the Swedish king: is still 
cherished. St. James was brought into union 
with the conyention of the Protestant Epis- 
copal Church in 1844. 

As this trip is continued along Woodland 
Avenue three other interesting Swedish asso- 
ciations may be noted before reaching the 
heart of the city. 

At Fifty-ninth Street and Woodland Ave- 
nue (21.2), on the left, still stands (No. 5835 
Woodland Avenue) a low two-story white- 
washed wooden house, the type of farm- 
house of an early Swedish settler, described 
by Acrelius, the Swedish annalist. Acrelius 
speaks of “Chinsessing, a place upon the 
Schuylkill, where five families of freemen 
dwelt together in houses two stories high, 
built of white-nut tree (hickory), which was 
at that time regarded as the best material 
for building houses, but in later times was 
altogether disapproved for such purposes.” 

At Fifty-fourth Street (21.7), a short de- 
tour to the right brings one to John Bar- 
tram’s historic home and garden, set up in 
the wilderness in 1731. Fuller directions and 
details regarding this early colonial home 
are given in Route 5. Here came in 1748 
the distinguished Swedish traveller Peter 
Kalm, Professor in the University of Aabo, 


“SSOUIOPJIM URdTIOUY oy} UI AT[TNJYyWeJ posoqey ,SolBUOIssiw Usla10y,, UOYM skep oy} JO | PIIOWOUT 
B st YOINYO sly} ‘suBdJouy JO sUOTZeIoUas aAIssadons Aq Payslieyo Pue *S}STUOTOS YStSuy oY} Aq posojso} ‘sueuliay Aq pasesnodu ‘sapamg Aq pepunoy 
AHI—VIHdTAaVIIHd LSAM ‘DNISSASONIN “HOUND SaWvf “LS 


HOUNHOD HSIGAMS ANOOUS 





Rn * 
ee cox 
28 

te 

e 





DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 1—Landmarks of the Early Swedes—25.0 m. 


who in his “Travels Into North America” 
has left an invaluable picture of the Phila- 
delphia of this early period, and a particu- 
larly vivid and charming account of Bartram 
and his garden. “In the morning I went 
with the Swedish painter, Mr. Hesselius, to 
the country seat of Mr. Bartram, which is 
about four English miles to the south of 
Philadelphia, at some distance from the 
high road to Maryland, Virginia, and Caro- 
lina... . We visited several Swedes, who 
were settled here, and were at present in 
very good circumstances.” A generation later 
Hector St. John Crevecoeur, pioneer poet- 
naturalist, in his “Letters from an Amer- 
ican Farmer,” 1782, gives also a remark- 
able picture of a visit to John Bartram, 
whom he quotes at one point as saying: 
“Friend Iwan, as I make no doubt that 
thee understandest the Latin tongue, read 
this kind epistle which the good Queen of 





DR. CHARLES J. STILLE—UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 


Distinguished Provost of the University (1868-80), Dr. Stillé 
was a descendant of one of the first Swedish settlers. 


32 


Sweden, Ulrica, sent me a few years ago. 
Good woman! that she should think in her 
palace at Stockholm of poor John Bartram, 
on the banks of the Schuylkill, appeareth to 
me very strange.” And gracefully his vis- 
itor replied: “Not in the deast,;deameoi, 
you are the first man whose name as a 
botanist hath done honour to America.” It 
was the Swedish Linnaeus who called Bar- 
tram “the greatest of natural botanists in 
the world.” 

At Thirty-ninth and Woodland Avenue 
(23.1), we reach the dormitories of the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, which owe their 
presence on Woodland Avenue to a distin- 
guished descendant of one of the earliest 
Swedish settlers of Philadelphia soil. This 
was Dr. Charles J. Stillé, Provost of the 
University (1868-1880), through whose 
vision and efforts the University in 1873 
was brought from its old location on Ninth 
Street above Chestnut to its present site in 
West Philadelphia. In Houston Hall, the 
students’ clubhouse of the University, front- 
ing on Spruce Street, between 34th and 36th 
Streets, may be seen a striking portrait of 
Dr. Stillé (1819-1899). 

At a meeting of the Historical Society of 
Pennsylvania, held April 16, 1877, to receive 
a portrait of Christina, Queen of the Swedes, 
the Goths, and the Vends, Provost Stillé 
modestly said: “It is true that the Swedish 
colony settled here in 1638 under the Queen 
Christina was not the one projected on so 
magnificent a scale by her father, Gustavus 
Adolphus. The colony remained a de- 
pendency of the Swedish crown for only 
seventeen years; its members were merely 
a few Swedish peasants, not exceeding even 
sixty years after its settlement, a thousand 
in number; it held within its bosom the germ 
of some of our characteristic American 
ideas, but it had little to do with their 
growth.” 

It is now possible to assert, however, that 
the influence of at least one able American 
of Swedish ancestry has had much to do with 
the growth and development of a character- 
istic American idea—a great international 
university. 





Route 2—Memorials of William Penn 


THE FOUNDER OF PENNSYLVANIA—‘PENN IN ARMOR” 


Painted in Ireland when Penn was twenty-two, the original portrait hangs in the great hall of the His- 
torical Society of Pennsylvania. 





DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m. 


After a visit to the top of City Hall, with its stirring panorama of Penn’s now far-reaching city, this route 
leads through colorful streets to the quieter precincts of the Library and the Historical Society of Pennsyl- 
vania, rich in relics of Penn and other treasures of the past. It continues through a section of the city still 
full of the charm of colonial days. It gives fascinating glimpses of old Philadelphia struggling with the tide 
of the new. It shows where Penn landed on the Delaware River front in 1682, and the historic spot in Shacka- 
maxon where he made his great trade and treaty with the Indians. It sweeps through a part of the city where 
the houses in their varying architecture carry the mind down two centuries since the days of the Founder. 
It includes a view of Penn’s first home in the ‘‘city of brotherly love,’? now standing on Lansdowne drive in 
West Fairmount Park. After a short drive through West Park, the site of “the Centennial City,’’ it reaches 
the heights occupied by Belmont Mansion, where may be had a view of Penn’s city that some one has said 


is worth a journey across the continent to see. 


By a final detour it makes possible the opportunity to see 


‘“Wynnstay,’’ built in 1690, the home of Penn’s friend and physician Dr. Thomas Wynne. 


ILLIAM PENN is the most cherished 

figure in the annals of the Quaker City. 
And Philadelphia itself, founded in 1682, is 
an ineffaceable memorial to Penn’s foresee- 
ing mind. 

Starting from City Hall, Broad and Mar- 
ket Streets (0.0), built on ground especially 
set aside by Penn for public purposes, known 
for many years as Centre Square, and now 
as Penn Square, ascend first to tower-top and 
view Calder’s heroic bronze statue of Penn, 
and also the magnitude of the modern city. 
Calder’s statue of Penn is facing towards 
Pennsbury Manor, the palatial mansion 
where the founder once lived. It also looks 
in the direction of Shackamaxon, where 
Penn made his treaty with the Indians. 
When Penn and his people landed, there 
were only twenty houses to be found in the 
whole territory now Philadelphia. These 
were occupied by the Dutch and the Swedes 
who had previously settled the soil. There 
were a few wigwams. From the Delaware 
to the Schuylkill and from South Street to 
Callowhill Street, the city exists today al- 
most exactly as Penn planned it. The four 
great “squares” of the old city—Franklin 
Square (northeast), Washington Square 
(southeast), Logan Square (northwest), and 
Rittenhouse Square (southwest), are still 
flourishing memorials of Penn’s sagacity. 

Before leaving the City Hall, stop in the 
Mayor’s reception room (second floor, north 
corridor), and see the portraits of all the 
Mayors of the city of Philadelphia, from 
Penn’s first Mayor, Edward Shippen 
(1701-02), down to the latest incumbents. 


Crossing Chestnut Street (0.1), Walnut 
Street (0.2), Locust Street (0.3), one is re- 


minded that the botanical names of the 
streets parallel with Market Street, north 
and south, were all given by Penn. 

Entering the building of the Philadelphia 
Library Company, Locust and Juniper 
Streets (0.3), we find, to the left, reverently 
preserved, Penn’s secretary; and nearby 
Penn’s clock. In a show case, to the right, 
are two small alto-relievos, reproductions of 
Sylvanus Bevan’s “real and true likeness” 
of Penn. In a large wooden closet, on the 
left, are the remains of an air-pump, sent 
from England by John Penn in 1738. 


At the Historical Society of Pennsylvania 
(0.3), in the large -hall, to the right of the 
main entrance room, on the wall, high in the 
left corner, we find the famous original por- 
trait of Penn in armor, painted in Ireland 
from life, when Penn was twenty-two. It 
is not generally known that Penn became a 
soldier in Ireland; still less, that he became 
a Quaker in Cork! The surrounding por- 
traits of the Penn family are full of interest, 
especially the portrait of Admiral Penn, who 
dying said to his son William,—‘“‘Let noth- 
ing in this world tempt you to wrong your 
conscience.” 


Passing through a narrow stairway to a 
room on the second floor of the Historical 
Society, one finds in the museum here notable 
mementos of Penn. Here is the original 
Wampum Belt given by the Indians to Penn 
to seal the great treaty, and given to the 
Historical Society by Penn’s great-grandson, 
Granville John Penn, in 1857. Chairs used 
by Penn and a small desk belonging to him 
are among the treasures. Penn’s razor and 
his hot-water can stir human interest. The 
model of the Slate Roof House preserves the 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m. 





Driving time about 1 hr. 15 min. Two additional hours, or more, may be profitably spent in stops, includ- 
ing City Hall, 30 min.; Philadelphia Library Company and Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 30 min.; Penn- 
sylvania Hospital, 10 min.; Penn Treaty Park, 15 min.; Penn’s House, Lansdowne Drive, Fairmount Park, 
20 min.; Belmont Mansion, 15 min. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.” 





Mileage 

0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. Stop. Go east on South Penn Square. 

0.0 Juniper St.; turn right. 

0.3 Locust St. Stop and visit Philadelphia Library Company, northeast corner of Locust 
and Juniper Sts.; walk to Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Locust and 13th Sts., 
southwest corner. Continue on Juniper St. 

0.4 Spruce St.; turn left. At 8th St., 0.8; turn right. 

0.9 Pine St.; turn right. Stop midway at Pennsylvania Hospital. Colonial houses oppo- 
site; spire of St. Peter’s Church shows down Pine St. 

PO ose turn ticht. Spruce ot., 1.1; turn right. 

1.8 Delaware Ave.; turn left, and immediately left onto Dock St. 

1.9 Front and Dock Sts., northwest corner, site and successor of original Blue Anchor Inn. 

2.1 2nd St.; turn right, and immediately left on Walnut St. Stop. Walk back to old 
Krider Gun Shop, northeast corner of 2nd and Walnut; walk north on Second St., east 
side, to the corner of Sansom St., site of Slate Roof House; building now occupied by 
Keystone Telephone Company. Tablet. Open strip south of this building (Moravian 
St.), the so-called ‘‘ Wampum Strip,” or Indian Reservation. Continue on Walnut St. to 

C2 ord ou turn right, 

2.3 Chestnut St.; turn right. 

2.4 Letitia St., between 2nd and Front; turn left; on the left, near Market St., southwest 
corner of a small alley way, a large warehouse occupies the original site of the Letitia 
or William Penn House. 

2.5 Market St.; turn right. 

2.6 Front St.; turn left (Delaware Ave. is a better roadway but misses the old houses). 

2.7 Arch St., formerly Mulberry St. 2.8 Race St., formerly Sassafras St. 





SUCCESSOR OF THE BLUE ANCHOR INN PENN TREATY MONUMENT—SHACKAMAXON 


At Front and Dock Streets it stands near the spot where It commemorates the treaty with the Indians that was not 
Penn first landed in 1682. ratified by oath and that was never broken. 


35 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m. 


appearance of the house in which Penn lived 
on his second visit to Philadelphia in 1701. 
The size of the lock and key of the original 
house is properly impressive. The patent of 
John Key for a lot in Race Street, presented 
by Penn as a gift to “the first born” of Eng- 
lish parentage in the city of Philadelphia, is 
documentary evidence of the enterprise of 
Philadelphia’s first real estate boomer. 

Leaving the Historical Society, we turn 
into Spruce Street (0.4), for its length to 
the Delaware River front a succession of 
quaint red and glazed brick houses, gable 
roofs, and colonial doorways. 

At Eighth and Spruce Streets (0.8), we 
make a complete loop of the venerable Penn- 
sylvania Hospital, encircling a region which 
even in Franklin’s day was “far out of 
town.” Through the main gate of the Hos- 
pital, on Eighth Street, we may see on the 
right of the driveway the overshadowing 
branches of a lofty elm tree, full-fledged 


b 


THE CALDER STATUE OF PENN 


As it looked before it mounted the heights of City Hall Tower. 





36 


scion of the “Treaty Elm,” once standing at 
Shackamaxon. 

Pine Street (0.9), we find, still breathes 
the aristocratic air of colonial days. The 
block between Eighth and Ninth Streets can- 
not be matched anywhere in Philadelphia for 
peace and charm. In this retired city spot, 
midway on the picturesque lawn of the hos- 
pital, stands a statue of Penn, broad- 
brimmed and in Quaker garb; presented in 
1804 by his grandson, John Penn, of Stoke 
Pogis, England. The stumpy figure evokes 
surprise, but Samuel Preston’s grandmother, 
who was married in the presence of Penn, 
“described him as rather short of stature, 
but the handsomest, best-looking, lively gen- 
tleman she had ever seen.” 

At the foot of Spruce Street (1.8) the 
sight of “the lordly Delaware” recalls the 
ship “Welcome” from which Penn landed 
at Chester in 1682. Penn came to Philadel- 
phia in an open boat or barge the next day. 

At the northwest corner of Front and 
Dock Streets (1.9) stands the now disguised 
Blue Anchor Inn (1.9), successor of the 
original “Blue Anchor,” which stood at the 
spot where Penn first landed when he came 
up the Delaware from Chester. 

Once a wandering creek, the present Dock 
Street still winds its way towards Second 
Street, where in Penn’s day the stream was 
lost in the woods. 

At the northeast corner of Second and 
Walnut Streets (2.1) is the old Krider gun- 
shop (2.1), built in 1751 by John Drinker. 
The ground of this property was sold by 
William Penn in 1684. On this spot in 1680 
was born Edward Drinker, the first white 
child born on Philadelphia soil. 

Up Second Street from Walnut, on the 
east side, we walk to Norris Alley (now 
Sansom Street), where on ground now occu- 
pied by the Keystone Telephone Company 
(Tablet) stood the old Slate Roof House, 
occupied by Penn with his family on his sec- 
ond visit to Philadelphia in 1701. In the 
Slate Roof House was born, one month 
after Penn’s arrival, John Penn, known as 
“the American,” the only American-born 
member of the Penn family. 

Retracing on Second Street, imagine Penn, 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m. 


ii 


yest gees ry ie 





PENN’S FIRST HOME IN AMERICA 


Built in the present Letitia Street in 1682, in 1883 it was removed to Lansdowne Drive, West 


; Fairmount Park. 
Mileage 


3.6 Laurel St.; turn right. 3.7 Delaware Ave.; turn left. 

3.9 Keep to right on Beach St. with RR. 

4.0 Columbia Ave. and Beach St., Penn Treaty Park. Stop. Hane left and continue on 
E. Columbia Ave. 

4.1 East Girard Ave.; turn left. 

5.6 Cross Broad St.; City Hall tower and Penn Statue on left. At 6.2 pass gateway of 
Girard College on right (See Route 22). 

6.5 Bear right on Poplar St. 

6.6 West College Ave.; turn right. 6.7 Girard Ave.; turn left. 

7.2 Cross bridge over RR. At 7.4 bridge over Schuylkill River. 

7.6 Turn left onto drive by Zoological Garden. 

7.8 Solitude, former home of John Penn; seen through iron fence of Zoological Garden, on 
right. Reversing here, at 

8.0 Bear diagonally right through right-hand arch under RR. onto Lansdowne Drive. 

8.1 William Penn House, called also the Letitia House, on left. Stop. Continue on 
Lansdowne Drive down grade, then curve right up steep grade past Sweet Briar Man- 
sion (See Route 19), onright at 8.4. Avoid left-hand road just beyond. 


37 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m. 





PENN’S RAZOR 


One of many Penn relics at the Historical Society of 
Pennsylvania. 

broad-brimmed and _ stately, coming and 
going along this street with wife and daugh- 
ter, happy in hope for the future great city 
he was founding, and solemnly meditating 
the problems of the first proprietary gover- 
nor. Writing from aboard his return ship, 
the “Messenger,” on the third of September, 
1701, Penn said to his secretary, James 
Logan: ‘Thee may continue in the house I 
lived in till the year is’up.” On reading 
that sentence one seems to hear the voice 
of Penn himself speaking, and to catch 
across the centuries a distant but distinct 
echo of the first “plain speech” of the early 
Quaker city. 

At the south side of the Keystone Tele- 
phone Building is Moravian Street, once an 
open tract of land, the so-called “Wampum 
Strip,” set aside by one of Penn’s de- 
scendants as an Indian reservation (2.1). 

Letitia Street (2.4), a small thoroughfare 
leading north from Chestnut Street between 
Second and Front, still bears the name 
of Penn’s daughter, to whom Penn, “1 mo. 
29th, 1701,” deeded the block extending on 
Market Street from Front to Second, and 
halfway to Chestnut Street. James Logan, 
writing to Letitia Penn in 1737, shows this 
large city lot to have been “divided into 
thirty smaller parts.” 

On the west side of Letitia Street (2.4), 
close to Market Street, near the paved pas- 
sageway to the north of the big warehouse 
now occupying this site, Penn built the 
Letitia House; for better preservation re- 
moved to Lansdowne Drive in West Fair- 
mount Park in 1883. In this house Penn 
dwelt when he first came to Philadelphia 


38 


in 1682. The open passageway marks an 
“avenue,” once on the north side of Penn’s 
house, by which carriages, entering at the 
“Governor’s Gate” on Second Street, came 
to the east front of the house, which faced 
the river, 

Emerging into Market Street (2.5) and 
going north on Front (2.6), at every corner 
one catches haunting glimpses of picturesque 
old streets and their time-worn houses, some 
now displaced by the new Delaware River 
Bridge. Penn’s Mulberry Street is now 
known as Arch Street (2.7). At No. 113 
Arch Street stood the home of Thomas 
Holme, Penn’s first Surveyor General, a tab- 
let now marking the site. In Holme’s “Map 
of the Province of Pennsylvania” is given 
the names of the original purchasers from 
William Penn in 1681. Penn’s Sassafras 
Street, now Race Street (2.8), has also lost 
its original name, but Poplar Street and 
Laurel Street (3.6) preserve nominally at 
least the fragrance of Penn’s “little green 
towne.” 

At Beach Street and Columbia Avenue 
(4.0), we reach Penn Treaty Park, with its 
modest weather-worn monument commemo- 
rating the only treaty with the Indians “that 
was not ratified by an oath and that was 
never broken.” Here was the “scite” of the 
famous treaty elm, blown down in 1810, al- 
though it was twenty-four feet in circum- 
ference. Here at Shackamaxon one should 
recall West’s vivid picturization of the treaty 
scene (See Route 15), and hear Penn say- 
ing: ‘We meet on the broad pathway of 
good faith and good will; no advantage 
shall be taken on either side, but all shall 
be openness and love. . . . We are the same 
as if one man’s body was to be divided into 
two parts; we are all one flesh and blood.” 
Hear also the delighted Indians reply: “We 
will live in love with Onas (Penn’s Indian 
name) and his children as long as the creeks 
and rivers run and while the sun, moon, and 
stars endure.” 

In returning (4.0), look down Beach 
Street and catch sight of Penn on the sum- 
mit of City Hall—a striking vista. 

On the long ride out Girard Avenue, 
crossing at Broad Street (5.6), one gets an- 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m. 





WILLIAM PENN, QUAKER WYNNSTAY—BUILT IN 1690 


On the peaceful lawn of the Pennsylvania Hospital is the A landmark in modern Wynnefield. The original home of 
statue given by Penn’s grandson in 1804. Dr. Thomas Wynne, Penn’s friend and physician. 


Mileage 
8.6 4-corners; straight through. Bear right at fork just beyond; then at cross-road keep 
left. Memorial Hall on left. At 8.9 General Meade statue; 9.2 Japanese Garden 
on right. 
9.3 Dead end; turn right on Belmont Ave. 
9.5 Turn right and just beyond turn left on Belmont Hill, up grade. 
10.0 Belmont Mansion; magnificent view of city. Stop. Continue around Belmont 
Mansion to 
10.2 3-corners; curve left. At 4-corners, 10.3; turn right on Belmont Ave. 
11) City Line Ave.; turn left. 11.9 52nd St.; turn left. 
12.2 Woodbine Ave. and 52nd St., northeast corner, Wynnstay, 1690. 
12.2. Woodbine Ave.; turn right. 12.4 54th St.; turn right. 
12.7. No. 247 North 54th St., ““Wynnstay”’ (carved on gate). 
12.8 City Line Ave.; turn left. 
13.8 Turn left onto 63rd St. 
14.2 Lancaster Ave. (diagonal street); turn left. 
17.9 Market Street at 32nd St.; turn left. 
19.1 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 





yer agere cencemerem Et signmememeterstg ' AS as ' 
CxUE CERF Rhe FULT CTY T EGO GELE A | SERTERS SE ee FITHTT CCST EL EH GI SERDEC INES am EER: ro ag ai 
pean nis 1 bd besteled TETLgeUUrsennexUONiTSGRstten A = tm nree saeueressetl 8 


ore eRERE & onepgendnnc yenapins 
Fi id 
jacana ue i cent pies 


THE FAMOUS WAMPUM BELT 


Given to Penn by the Indians it was presented to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania by the founder’s 
great-grandson in 1857. 


39 





DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 2—Memorials of William Penn—19.1 m. 


other glimpse of Penn, solemnly guarding 
his city. The architecture of the houses 02 
Girard Avenue registers the changing decades 
since the passing of Penn, the classic mag- 
nificence of the fagade of Girard College (6.2) 
marking an era in the city’s history (See 
Route 22). 

Entering Fairmount Park (7.2), we recall 
that Penn first gave the name of “Faire 
Mount” to what afterwards became the “Old 
Park? AS early as 1/ 107M writers said: 
“Fare Mount is a charming spot, shaded with 
trees, on the river Schuylkill.” 

Crossing Girard Avenue bridge (7.4) over 
the Schuylkill River, beyond the entrance to 
the Zoological Garden (7.6), from the out- 
side, we may catch a glimpse of Solitude 
(7.8), sometimes hidden in luxuriant foliage. 
This house was built in 1785 by Penn’s 
grandson, John Penn, who at one time owned 
half the province of Pennsylvania, and after 
the Revolution resided here on the banks of 


PENN'S SECRETARY 





40 


the Schuylkill River (See Route 19). Soli- 
tude was bought from Penn’s great-grand- 
son, Granville John Penn, in 1852. 

Returning to Girard Avenue and passing 
through the right arch of the railroad bridge 
(8.0), onto Lansdowne Drive, we soon reach, 
on the left, William Penn’s House (8.1), the 
crowning memorial of Penn in Philadelphia. 
This was the first brick-house erected in 
Philadelphia. Built in 1682, it was owned 
and occupied by Penn, and finally given by 
him to his daughter Letitia. Used as the 
proprietary governor’s residence, the build- 
ing is regarded as the first statehouse of 
the Province of Pennsylvania. It was re- 
moved to its present site in 1883. 

One may continue from this point to Bel- 
mont Mansion (10.0), to meditate or dine. 
At Belmont lived Richard Peters, secretary 
to Thomas Penn from «1/34 .iom1767 see 
date stone in the end of the house shows it 
was erected in) 1/45 by “I Woer ee 
Route 5). One enthusiastic writer has said: 
“The view from the hall door is worth a 
journey across the continent. It is one un- 
interrupted descending vista to the river, 
greensward, woodland, sunlight and shadow, 
holding and never wearying the gaze.” 

At sight of the distant city one may 
fitly repeat Penn’s farewell benediction, pro- 
nounced as he sailed down the Delaware in 
1684 :— 

“And thou, Philadelphia, the virgin settle- 
ment of this province, named before thou 
wert born, what love, what care, what serv- 
ice, and what travail has there been to bring 
thee forth and preserve thee from such as 
would abuse and defile thee! My soul prays 
to God for thee, that thou mayest stand in 
the day of trial, that thy children may be 
blessed of the Lord, and thy people saved 
by his power.” 

Returning to the city, we pass at 52nd 
Street and Woodbine Avenue, northeast cor- 
ner (12.2), Wynnstay, first built in 1690 by 
Dr. Thomas Wynne, friend and physician of 
William Penn. The west end was built in 
1700. Nearby, at No. 2471 North 54th Street 
(12.7), is the old homestead of direct de- 
scendants of Dr. Thomas Wynne, with 
“Wynnstay” carved on the gate. 


Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown 





SITE OF THE HOME OF THE FOUNDER OF GERMANTOWN 


Once known as the Green Tree Tavern, No. 6019 Germantown Avenue was built in 1748 on the original 
homestead grounds by the grandson of Francis Daniel Pastorius. 





DOORWAY OF NO. 25 HIGH STREET A PASTORIUS HOME, 1796 


Over the portal is Loi the ee motto of the original Built by a great grandson of the founder of Germantown. 
omestead. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m. 


Rich in historical associations with both colonial and Revolutionary days Germantown even to be super- 
ficially appreciated must be visited many times. To save bewilderment this route is confined to streets, 
houses, and scenes associated with the founders and earliest settlers. Sites and relics of historic importance 
not mentioned in this connection will be found referred to fully in subsequent itineraries. The concluding 
section of this trip, including as it does the variegated beauties of the Wissahickon Valley, the picturesque 
scenery of the East River Drive, and the stirring vista of the City Hall and Founder as seen from the outer 
Parkway, presents a sharp contrast to the pictures of ancient streets and time-worn houses revealed at the 
beginning—the journey at the start leading along old Front Street, throughout the length of Germantown 
Road, and finally over Germantown’s famous old thoroughfare still known as Main Street. 





ISTORIC Germantown to be properly Up Front Street, past numerous old brick 
appreciated must be approached by the houses built by the first settlers, we make 
road long travelled by its first founders and our way to the Indian path or trail that has 
their descendants. In this way a new im-_ since become Germantown Road or Avenue 
pression may be gained of that famous and (2.4). For the modern automobile parts of 
aristocratic suburb of Philadelphia. this road are as rough as was the primitive 
The beginnings of old Germantown road track over which the founders and early set- 
are best reached by way of Front Street tlers labored and floundered, although Pas- 
(1.2). On Front above Chestnut steep alley- torius in a spirit of optimism once wrote: 
ways and deep descents to Water Street and “The path to Germantown has by frequent 
the river front bring reminders of the caves going to and fro been so strongly beaten 
dug in the river’s banks, where the first set- that a road has been formed.” Not until 1801, 
tlers of Philadelphia lived while their houses however, was legislation passed that resulted 
were being built. A curious document still in the organization of a turnpike company 
exists, certifying that in 1683 “to our certain for the betterment and extension of this road, 
knowledge Herman op den Graff, Dirk op which goes from Philadelphia through Ger- 
den Graff, and Abraham op den Graff, as mantown to Chestnut Hill and far beyond 
well as we ourselves, in the cave of Francis to Pottstown and Reading. 
Daniel Pastorius, at Philadelphia, did cast The Neglee House at No. 4518 German- 
lots for the respective lots which they and town Avenue (6.7) marks the beginning of 
we then began to settle in Germantown.” ancient Germantown. Germantown Avenue 
The cave of Pastorius was located several was originally Main Street. At first “in 
blocks below Chestnut Street, at what is now length one mile or more,” Germantown grew 
Front and Lombard Streets. When Pas- until it became a long, straggling village, 
torius landed in 1683, he recorded that Phila- extending for nearly two miles along its main 
delphia “consisted of three or four little cot- thoroughfare. 
tages; all the residue being only weeds, un- Just beyond Wayne Junction, at the north- 
derwood, timber, and trees.” Several times west corner of Apsley and Main Streets, high 
he lost himself in travelling no farther than on Neglee’s Hill, stands with its pillared por- 
from the waterside to Third and Chestnut. tico Loudoun (6.8), home of descendants of 
On the garden wall of the Stanfield House James Logan, William Penn’s friend and 
and Playground at No. 502 South Front confidential secretary. Built in 1801, Lou- 
Street has recently been placed a bronze tab- doun is a specimen of an early American 
let, reading: “Francis Daniel Pastorius built home (See Route 19), but the ground on 
here in 1683, on a lot 102 feet front, a dugout, which it stands and surrounding it belonged 
his first American home, in which, October to the Frankfort Company, and in the 
25, 1683, the thirteen original settlers of original distribution of land, made in the 
Germantown drew lots for their new homes. cave of Pastorius, was called Side Lot No. 2, 
He placed over the door this inscription, ‘A falling by chance to Thones Kunder, one of 
little house, but a friend to the good: keep the thirteen original settlers of Germantown. 
away, ye profane,’ at which his guest, Wil- From Loudoun onward, ancient and 
liam Penn, laughed.” notable houses are numerous in German- 


42 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m. 


Driving time about 2 hr. 45 min. On this trip a couple of additional hours may easily be spent in inter- 
esting stops, including Lower and Upper Burying Grounds, 30 min.; Friends’ Meeting House and Free Library, 
25 min.; Pastorius houses, 20 min.; Mennonite Meeting House, 10 min.; Church of the Brethren, 10 min.; 
St. Michael’s Church, 10 min.; Rittenhouse home and mill site, 15 min. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive 
Itinerary.” 


Mileage 
0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, east side. Go east on Market St. 
1.0 Second 5St.; turn right. 
1.1 Chestnut St.; turn left. Pass on left Letitia St., where William Penn lived in 1683. 
1.2 Front St.; turn left. Between Chestnut and Market observe steep steps leading to 


Water St. and river embankment, where the earliest settlers dwelt in caves. 


(The route up Delaware Avenue offers a better roadway but one misses the old houses and ancient side streets and alleys to 
be seen along Front St.) 


2.4 Germantown Road; turn left. 2.7 Cross Girard Ave. 4.7 Bear left. 

5.6 Cross Broad St. at Erie Ave. 

6.7. No. 4518 Germantown Ave. (Main St.), Neglee House (about 1750), marking the 
beginning of ancient Germantown. 

6.8 Apsley and Main Sts., northwest corner, Loudoun built on ‘Side Lot No. 2,’ belonging 
(1683) to Thones Kunder, one of the thirteen original settlers of Germantown. 

7.0 East Logan and Main Sts., northeast corner, Lower Germantown Burial Ground, 
1693. Stop. 

7.2 No. 5109 Main St., Thones Kunder’s House. Tablet. Stop. 





THONES KUNDER’S HOUSE 


From this home of one of the original settlers of Germantown came in 1688 the first public protest in 
America against slavery. 


43 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m. 


town. Full information regarding these may 
be obtained from the indispensable compila- 
tion of Mr. Charles F. Jenkins, prepared for 
the Germantown Site and Relic Society, “The 
Guide Book to Historic Germantown.” The 
present trip is confined to houses and places 
associated with the earliest settlers. 

At the northeast corner of East Logan 
and Main Streets, we reach the Lower Ger- 
mantown Burial Ground (7.0), last home of 
the early founders and their descendants. 
This graveyard was given to the borough of 
Germantown in 1693 by Jan Streepers, whose 
name connects him with one of the original 
thirteen families that drew lots in the cave 
of Pastorius. The oldest tombstone is dated 
1707. Here may still be traced the names 
of early settlers that came from Germany 
and the Rhine provinces. 

At No. 5109 Main Street is reached the 
spot where Thones Kunder, original settler, 
built his “first home beyond the mighty sea.” 
Part of the north wall of the ancient house 
now occupying this site is believed to be the 
old wall of the original Kunder’s House 
(7.2). Here were held the first meetings in 
Germantown of the Society of Friends, From 
members of this Meeting came in 1688 the 
first public protest in America against slavery. 
The paper was written by Francis Daniel 
Pastorius, and signed by him and three others. 
This spot is the birthplace of the abolition 
movement in America. Thones Kunder 





1738 


KEYSER HOUSE, 


Built by Dirck Keyser, a Mennonite founder of Germantown, 
who came from Amsterdam in 1688. 


died in 1729. Among his descendants is Sir 
Samuel Cunard, founder of the Cunard 
Steamship Line. 

At No. 5253 Main Street we pass the site 
of the home and printing plant of Christopher 
Sower (7.4), the Dunkard elder. Here lived 
later his distinguished but unfortunate son of 
the same name, who in 1753 was made bishop 
of the Church of the Brethren. On this spot 
was printed, by the elder Sower, the first 
American book in German type, a book of 
hymns; here he began to issue the first Ger- 
man newspaper in America; and, forty years 
before an English Bible was printed in the 
colonies, here also, in 1743, he issued the first 
Bible in an European language printed in 
America. Subsequent editions were pub- 
lished by the son in 1763 and 1776. He also 
printed here in 1770 the first book published 
in America on the subject of education, the 
school management of the pious Christopher 
Dock. The house (hidden by store fronts) 
now occupying this site, No. 5253, was built 
in 1860 by Dr. Owen J. Wister and Sarah 
Butler Wister, parents of Owen Wister, the 
novelist, and here the family resided until 
1870. 

Passing No. 5300 Main Street, now the 
parsonage of the Trinity Lutheran Church 
(7.4), but once belonging to the Sower fam- 
ily, we recall a tradition that in the cellar 
of this building the Sowers made the first 
type cast in America (1772-73). 

On grounds in the rear of the north- 
west corner of Coulter and Main Steets, 
stands the Germantown Friends’ Meeting 
House (7.6). The old log and stone meeting 
houses have long since been replaced, but 
the ground of the present old graveyard, 
originally fifty acres, was conveyed to the 
meeting by one of the early German Friends, 
Jacob Shoemaker, in 1693. 

In the graveyard, Pastorius, who died in 
1719, is believed to be buried, although the 
exact spot is not known. All the thirteen 
original settlers of Germantown were Friends 
or Mennonites. 

Walk up the quiet, age-worn path with 
its antique trees to visit, on the right, the 
Free Library (7.6), under the care of Friends 
of this Meeting. Here the memory of Pas- 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m. 





PASTORIUS MONUMENT, VERNON PARK LOWER BURYING GROUND, GERMANTOWN 


Commemorates the original thirteen families that founded This ancient graveyard dates to 1693. Here may be traced 
ermantown in 1683. the names of the earliest settlers. 


Mileage 

7.4 No. 5253 Main St. (childhood home of Owen Wister, 1860-1870), site of Christopher 
Sower’s home and printery. 

7.4 No. 5300 Main St., originally a Sower’s property where type was first cast in America. 

7.6 Coulter and Main Sts., northwest corner, Germantown Friends’ Meeting House, 
ground and grave-yard deeded 1693. Stop. Visit Free Library on right (facsimile of 
“Protest against Slavery,” written in 1688 by Francis Daniel Pastorius, leader. of the 
thirteen original settlers of Germantown). 

7.7 Market Square (1703); Market Square Presbyterian Church, successor and occupying 
site of the first German Reformed Church, founded here in 1733. 

7.9 Vernon Park, Main St. above Chelten Ave. Stop. Monument to Francis Daniel 
Pastorius and the original thirteen settlers of Germantown. 

8.1 High St. Park and walk to No. 25 High St., built by great grandson of Pastorius 1796; 
to the left and rear of No. 25 High St. is a remodeled building, originally an old Pas- 
torius farmhouse. The Methodist Church occupies the site of the original homestead 
of Francis Daniel Pastorius, taken down about 1872. 

8.2 No. 6019 Main St., once the Green Tree Tavern, the home of Daniel and Sarah Pas- 
torius (1748). 

8.2 Walnut Lane and Main St., southwest corner, Wyck (1690), the oldest house in Ger- 
mantown. 

8.3 Main St., north of Herman St., Mennonite Meeting House. 

8.4 No. 6205 Main St., Keyser House, 1738. 

8.5 Main St. beyond Washington Lane, east side, Upper Burying Ground. Stop. 

8.8 Upsal and Main Sts., northeast corner, the Billmeyer House, built about 1727. 

8.9 No. 6613 Main St., Church of the Brethren, or Dunkards. 

9.1 Phil-ellena and Main Sts., southeast corner, St. Michael’s Lutheran Church. Stop. 

9.8 Allen Lane; turn left. A short distance above Allen Lane, east side, on the grounds 
of the Lutheran Theological Seminary, may be seen the notable monument to Dr. 
Henry Melchior Muhlenberg. 

10.3 Lincoln Drive; turn left. 11.8 Gateway entrance to Fairmount Park. 


45 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m. 


torius is kept alive by a photographic fac- 
simile of the “Protest Against Slavery.” The 
original document was first uncovered in 
1844 by the antiquarian Nathan Kite. It was 
then published in a magazine called “The 
Friend,” and evoked Whittier’s praise of Pas- 
torius in the “Pennsylvania Pilgrim.” 

Market Square (7.7), the midway point in 
the ancient straggling German village that 
extended for two miles along Main Street 
to the Upper Burial Ground, is rich in Revo- 
lutionary and other associations. Originally 
an acre of ground was reserved from the 
Frankfort Company’s land for a market place, 
but it was not centrally located. In 1703-4 
the present Market Square was purchased. 

The Market Square Presbyterian Church 
(7.7) has been Presbyterian in its organiza- 
tion only since 1856; the present building is 
the third erected on this site; but religious 
worship has gone on in this historic spot for 
nearly two hundred years, perpetuating the 
piety of Pastorius and his early German co- 
workers, who built a small church for the 
use of all the people as early as 1686. The 
original church building that stood on the 
present site in Market Square was put up by 
members of the German Reformed Church 
in 1733. Count Zinzendorf, founder of the 
Moravian Seminary now at Bethlehem, 
preached here in 1741-42. Washington at- 
tended services here, during his stay in 
Germantown. 

At Vernon Park (7.9), Main Street above 
Chelten Avenue, is the monument to Francis 
Daniel Pastorius and the original thirteen 
settlers of Germantown. Designed by Albert 
Jaegers to commemorate the 225th anniver- 
sary of the founding of Germantown by 
Francis Daniel Pastorius, the monument was 
erected partly from funds collected by the 
German-American Alliance and partly from 
an appropriation from Congress. 

A short walk to the right on High Street 
brings us to No. 25 High Street (8.1), built 
about 1796 by Daniel Pastorius, a great- 
grandson of Francis Daniel Pastorius. Over 
the doorway is carved the Latin motto, 
Procul este profani, which once adorned the 
doorway of the original Pastorius home. 
This beautiful house once stood on Main 


46 


Street, next to a house at the southeast cor- 
ner of Main and High, but was moved to the 
north side when High Street was cut through. 
Between it and No. 6019 Main Street, on 
ground now occupied by the Methodist 
Church, was the site of the original Pastorius 
homestead (8.1), unfortunately torn down 
about 1872. The stone of the old building 
was used in building the rear wing of No. 25 
High Street. In the rear of the High Street 
house, almost adjoining the church, may be 
seen a modernized building that was once an 
old Pastorius farmhouse (8.1). 

Returning to Main Street, one finds satis- 
faction in viewing the beauty of No. 6019 
Main Street, originally built in 1748 by 
Daniel and Sarah Pastorius, and kept by them 
until 1754 as the Green Tree Tavern (8.2). 
Famous in Revolutionary and later times as 
a resort for driving and sleighing parties from 
the city, the house has been used in recent 
years by the adjoining First Methodist 
Church for varied religious and social meet- 
ings. In this house, on the 6th of December, 
1759, the Germantown Academy, at first 
called the Union School, was founded. 

At the southwest corner of Walnut Lane 
and Main Street is to be seen the oldest house 
in Germantown, known as Wyck (8.2). It 
has never been sold, having passed from 
owner to owner by inheritance, coming down 
from the Jansen and the Wister families to 
its present possessors, the Haines family. 
Originally the present building was two 
houses, with a driveway between, the older 
portion going back to 1690, the year when 
William Rittenhouse, grandfather of the 
illustrious David Rittenhouse and famous as 
the first paper maker in the colonies, arrived 
in Germantown. 

On Main Street, above Herman Street, 
stands the Mennonite Meeting House (8.3), 
where William Rittenhouse was the first 
pastor of the congregation. Among the thir- 
teen original settlers of Germantown some 
were Mennonites or “German Friends,” and 
by 1702 they had put up a little log meeting 
house displaced in 1770 by the present build- 
ing. In the adjoining graveyard the name of 
Rittenhouse is conspicuous at the right. 

At No. 6205 Main Street is another 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m. 





WYCK—THE OLDEST HOUSE IN GERMANTOWN, 1690 


Coming to its owners by inheritance, this house that has never been sold has long been the inspira- 
tion of architects for its beautiful setting in flowers and shade trees and shrubbery. 


Mileage 

12.4 Pass on left Rittenhouse Lane. 

12.4 On right, below the driveway, Home of William Rittenhouse (birthplace of David 
Rittenhouse), built 1707. Site of first paper mill in America, 1690. Stop. 

13.8 Bear left under RR. bridge, leaving Wissahickon Drive. 

13.9 Fork; bear left onto East River Drive, passing lake on left. 

17.0 Pass Grant monument, on left. 

18.2. Pass Lincoln monument, on left. 

18.5 Bear right onto Pennsylvania Ave. 

18.7. Turnright. Curve left at 18.9 into Parkway. 

19.4 Curve right around Logan Circle. 

19.9 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


47 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 3—The Founding and Founders of Germantown—19.9 m. 


memorial to the early Mennonite founders of 
Germantown, a house built in 1738 by Dirck 
Keyser (8.4), who came from Amsterdam 
with his son, Peter Dirck Keyser, as early 
as 1688. This is believed to be the first two- 
story house erected in Germantown. One of 
Dirck Keyser’s descendants, Dr. Naaman H. 
Keyser, was a distinguished and life-long 
student of Germantown history. 

On the east side of Main Street, beyond 
Washington Lane, above the Concord School, 
we come to the Upper Burying Ground (8.5), 
which marks the upper limit of ancient Ger- 
mantown. Here rest many of the earliest 
settlers and their descendants. Among the 
thirteen original German immigrants that set- 
tled Germantown was Reynier Tyson. In this 
graveyard is the tombstone of Cornelius 
Tyson, who died in 1716; said to be the old- 
est existing tombstone to the memory of a 
Dutchman or German in Pennsylvania. 

At Upsal and Main Streets, northeast cor- 
ner, is the Billmeyer House (8.8), mentioned 
later (See Route 10) for its associations with 
Washington and the Battle of Germantown. 
Built about 1727, this house is an excellent 
representative of a _ well-preserved early 
colonial farmhouse, and a good example of 
the progress made by the first generation of 
early founders. 

Beyond the limits of oldest Germantown, 
at No. 6613 Main Street, stands the meeting 
house of the Church of the Brethren (8.9), 
or Dunkards, the front part of which was 
erected in 1770. This church organization, 
the mother congregation of this sect in Amer- 
ica, goes) back#tesl/23..) Otuspecial mnterest 
is the tablet in the meeting house, the gift 
of a descendant, commemorating both Chris- 
topher Sower (originally spelt Saur), who 
was minister and bishop here, and his father 
of the same name, who published the first 
American quarto edition of the Bible. In 
the loft of this building were stored some 
sheets of the third edition of the Sower Bible 
that were scattered by the British at the Battle 
of Germantown, afterwards recovered, and 
bound into complete Bibles for Sower’s 
children. 


Erected by St. Michael’s Lutheran Church 
in 1740, the old house at No. 6669 Main 


48 


Street was in its early history a school, and 
is the oldest school building in Germantown. 

At the southeast corner of Main and Phil- 
ellena Streets we reach St. Michael’s Luth- 
eran Church (9.1), founded about 1737, the 
scene of some of the divided labors of the 
Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, well 
known for his services both in Philadelphia 
and in Germantown, as well as for founding 
the famous old Lutheran Church at Trappe, 
Pennsylvania. His son was the Revolution- 
ary preacher patriot General John Peter 
Gabriel Muhlenberg, ever memorable for 
discarding his gown for a uniform and say- 
ing, “There is a time to preach, and a time 
to fight, and that time has now come.” 

In the graveyard of St. Michael’s lies an- 
other Revolutionary patriot, Christopher 
Ludwig, famous as the first ginger-bread 
baker in Philadelphia, and also as the “Baker 
General” to the American army. Elaborate 
as is the legend on his tombstone (a raised 
slab to the left of the main path, just be- 
yond the entrance), it does not half tell the 
story of his patriotic life. Here, too, lie 
many of the early settlers of Germantown. 

On the east side of Main Street, just be- 
yond Allen Lane, on the grounds of the 
Lutheran Theological Seminary, may be seen 
a noble monument to the Rev. Dr. Henry 
Melchior Muhlenberg (9.8). 

.By way of Allen Lane and the Lincoln 
Drive (10.3), with its striking array of beau- 
tiful modern homes, we finally reach, nearly 
opposite Rittenhouse Lane, a modest and pic- 
turesque little house, now below the level of 
the drive, once the home of William Ritten- 
house (12.4), illustrious as the ancestor of 
David Rittenhouse, and memorable as the 
first paper maker in America. William Rit- 
tenhouse came to Germantown and set up his 
mill in 1690; the house now standing was 
built in 1707, marking for more than two cen- 
turies the site of the first paper mill in Amer- 
ica (12.4). Four mills in succession stood 
near this house, the first one being washed 
away by a freshet in 1701. A cluster of 
houses stood until a few years ago near the 
banks of the near-by Paper Mill Run, and 
was known as Rittenhouse Town. 


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INTERIOR OF OLD SWEDES’ CHURCH, 1700 


Route 4—The Ancient Churches 





CHRIST CHURCH—BUILT 1727—FOUNDED 1695 


An architectural triumph in brick work in the colonial style, the first diocesan church of Pennsylvania 
is pre-eminent also for its historic associations. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. 


Notable for traversing the whole length and breadth of the city to its outermost boundaries, this trip 
to the ancient churches is full of scenic and historic charm. Beginning in the time-worn and crowded quarters 
of the old city, the route carries one the length of the old Passyunk district, across the Schuylkill River, and, 
by way of a section of the Cobb’s Creek Boulevard, to and through the beautiful suburban regions lying about 
Merion; along the ever-charming Wissahickon drive to Germantown, and thence by way of the new Roose- 
velt Boulevard to the upper stretches of Rising Sun Lane, ending with quaint old Trinity Church at Oxford. 
Independent of its historic interest, which is great, it is a remarkable trip. 


LDER than the nation itself, antedating 

the Declaration of Independence by many 
years, all the churches visited on this trip 
have been in continuous service, with one or 
two exceptions, from their foundation until 
the present day. 

Ten of the twenty-two churches included 
in the following list were established more 
than two centuries ago, and the oldest house 
of worship in Pennsylvania, the Friends’ 
Meeting House at Merion, was built in 1695, 
at a time when Merion was still a part of 
Philadelphia County. 

Merion Meeting House. Built 1695. 
Founded 1682. 

Old Swedes’ Church. Built 1700. Founded 
1O77, 

Trinity Church, Oxford. Built 1711. 

Christ Church. Built 1727. Founded 1695. 

St. Peter’s Church. Built 1758-61. 

St. James Church, Kingsessing. Built 1760. 

St ePaulsechurcr es Bultet7 le 

St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church. Built 
1763. Enlarged 1810. 

Old Pine” Street. Presbyterian” Church? 
Built 1768. 

St. George’s Methodist Episcopal Church. 
Built 1769. Remodeled 1837. 

Mennonite Meeting House, Germantown. 
Built 1770. Founded 1708. 

Church of the Brethren, Germantown. 
Built in part 1770. Founded 1723. 

Friends’ Arch Street Meeting House. Built 
1804. First Friends’ Meeting at “Shack- 
amaxon, 1682. 

Twelfth Street Meeting House. Built 1812. 

First Presbyterian Church. Built 1825. 
Founded 1695. 


St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church. Re- 
built 1838. Founded 1733. 
Germantown Friends’ Meeting House. 


Built 1866. Founded 1683. 
Market Square Presbyterian Church. Es- 


tablished 1856. Founded 1733, as the Ger- 
man Reformed Church. 

St. Michael-Zion German Lutheran Church. 
Built 1870. Founded 1742. 

Second Presbyterian Church. 
72. Founded 1743. 

St. Michael’s Lutheran Church, German- 
town. Rebuilt 1896. Founded 1730. 

First Baptist Church. Built 1899. Founded 
1695. 


Beginning in the old Friends’ Meeting 
House, Twelfth Street below Market (0.1), 
where one breathes at once the atmosphere 
of the pious Quaker founders, we finally 
reach Trinity Church, Oxford (36.5), stand- 
ing in a still sequestered suburb of the city, 
where in picturesque surroundings, sheltered 
by antique trees, Church of England services 
have gone on unbroken throughout more 
than two centuries. Following the order of 
the “Mileage Itinerary,” arranged for con- 
venience of access, the tourist who completes 
this trip will enjoy some rare experiences, 
scenic and historic. 

The Friends’ Meeting House, No. 20 South 
Twelfth Street (0.1), was built in 1812, and 
the Monthly Meeting was set off from Arch 
Street in 1814. The First-day morning at- 
tendance in winter is large, numbering from 
150 to 250. Until this year Mid-week Meet- 
ing was attended by more than 300 older 
boys from the William Penn Charter School, 
now removed to Germantown. In summer 
both Meetings are small. There are six re- 
corded ministers and vocal service is fre- 
quent. The interior is always open and 
should be visited. 

The First Baptist Church, Seventeenth 
and Sansom Streets, southeast corner (0.7), 
located in its present site in 1899, conveys 
little suggestion of the early Baptist con- 
gregation that met first in 1695 at the north- 
west corner of Chestnut and Second Streets 


Built 1869- 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. 


An all-day trip. It may be covered, however, in two afternoons by terminating the first section at Merion 
Meeting House. Driving time for the full trip about 4 hrs. Additional time required will depend upon the 
length of stops. A minimum of 3 hrs. should be allowed for stops, including at least 30 minutes each for the 
more notable places, such as Christ’s Church, Old Swedes’ Church, and Trinity Church, Oxford. A unique 
insight into the diversified religious life of the old Quaker City may be secured by attending services at each 
of these old places of worship on occasional Sundays. Time of service will be found usually in the news- 
papers. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.” 


Mileage 


0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, east side. Go east on Market St. 

Oo on or atin Tight. 

0.1 No. 20 South 12th St., Friends’ Twelfth Street Meeting House. Built 1812. 

0.3 Walnut St.; turn right. 

0.7 1/th St.; turn left. Stop; walk back north to 17th and Sansom Sts., southeast corner, 
First Baptist Church. Built 1899. Founded 1695. Continue south on 17th St. 

0.9 Spruce St.; turn left. 1.8 7th St.; turn left. 

1.8 7th St. and Washington Square, First Presbyterian Church. Built 1825. Founded 
1695. Stop. Continue left around Washington Square on 7th St. 

2.4 Race St.; turn left and immediately right on Franklin St. 

2.5 Franklin St. above Race, west side, St. Michael-Zion German Lutheran Church. 
Built 1870. Founded 1742. Stop. Continue on Franklin St. 

Pome ood ou. tum right. 2:9 4th St.: turn right. 





FRIENDS’ ARCH STREET MEETING HOUSE 


Stronghold of the Quakers in Philadelphia, this building, erected in 1804, succeeded “The Great Meeting 
House” built at Second and Market Streets in 1695. 


53 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. 


in the Barbadoes-lot store, and afterwards, 
in 1698, in Anthony Morris’s brew-house 
under the bank of the river, near Dock 
Creek. In 1707 the first Baptist congrega- 
tion removed to Second Street below Mul- 
berry Street, and since has occupied several 
sites. The church maintains an historical 
room open to visitors. In this church orig- 
inated the Philadelphia Baptist Association, 
1707; Brown University, 1764; and the 
American Baptist Missionary Union, 1814. 
In the side hallway are preserved the in- 
scribed tombstones of some of the early 
pastors, including that of the first minister 
of the church, Rev. Morgan Evans, who be- 
came the prime mover in founding the Bap- 
tist College in Providence, Rhode Island, 
now Brown University. 

The First Presbyterian Church, Washing- 
ton Square and Seventh Street, southeast 
corner (1.8), was erected in 1825, but traces 
its history to the humble Presbyterian con- 
gregation formed as early as 1692 that joined 
with the Baptists in meeting first in 1695 at 
the northwest corner of Chestnut and Second 
Streets, in the Barbadoes-lot store. In 1704 
the congregation built the first Presbyterian 
church in Market (High) Street, at the cor- 
ner of White-horse Alley, now Bank Street, 
and it was called the “Old Buttonwood” be- 
cause of the trees about it. This building 
after nearly a century was rebuilt in Grecian 
style in 1794. The lofty Corinthian col- 
umns in the old building on High Street 
were used in constructing the stately por- 
tico of the building now facing Washington 
Square. In the unusually spacious and at- 
tractive entrance hall of the church are va- 
rious portraits, prints, and tablets, the latter 
recording events in the history of the church 
itself and of Presbyterianism. One lists the 
ministers of the church from the days of 
the Rev. Jedediah Andrews, Philadelphia’s 
first Presbyterian clergyman, a graduate of 
Harvard College. Another tells the story of 
the growth of the Philadelphia Presbytery 
and Synod, and of the relations of this 
church to them and to the foundation of 
Princeton College. The interior of the 
church, with its antique pews, broad high 
gallery, many-paned windows, lofty terraced 


pulpit, and severe but beautiful simplicity, 
is a living dream of olden days not to be 
missed. 

St. Michael-Zion German Lutheran 
Church, Franklin Street above Race, west 
side (2.5), is the direct successor of the old 
Zion Lutheran Church, standing until 1870 
at the southeast corner of Fourth and Cherry 
Streets. Zion Church, dedicated in 1769, 
burned in 1794, and rebuilt in 1796, was 
built under authority of a charter granted 
in 1765 by Richard Penn to the parent Ger- 
man Lutheran Church in Philadelphia, St. 
Michael’s, which stood on the west side of 
Fifth Street south of Cherry. It was erected 
in 1743, the outgrowth of German Lutheran 
Congregations which assembled before 1742, 
the year of the arrival in Philadelphia of the 
Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, generally 
regarded as the founder of the Evangelical 
Lutheran Church in America. 

Among other relics and portraits in the 
vestry-room is an autograph letter of the 
ministers of the German Lutheran Congre- 





ST. MICHAEL-ZION GERMAN LUTHERAN 


Built in 1870. Direct descendant of the first Evangelical 
Lutheran Church in Philadelphia, founded 1743. 


CHURCH 


gations in Philadelphia addressed to George 
Washington in 1789, congratulating him on 
his accession to the presidency ; and the au- 
tograph reply of Washington. Here also, 
the gift of Dr. Julius Sachse, is the “Dead 
March Monody,” performed in Zion Church, 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. 





Mileage 


3.0 


oak 


oa 


3.6 


3.7 


3.8 


3.9 
4.0 


INTERIOR OF CHRIST CHURCH 
Here in 1785 was founded the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States. 


4th St. below New, adjoining No. 227 North 4th St., St. George’s Methodist Episcopal 
Church. Founded 1769. Remodeled 1837. Stop. On right, St. Augustine’s Roman 
Catholic Church. 1796-1801. Rebuilt 1846. 

4th and Cherry Sts., southeast corner, site of first Zion Lutheran Church. Dedicated 
1769. Removed 1870. Here ‘‘Light-Horse Harry”’ Lee first proclaimed Washington: 
“First in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen.” (At 5thand Cherry, 
southeast corner, may be seen the site of the parent German Lutheran Church, St. 
Michael’s, built in 1743, taken down in 1874, and founded by a congregation organ- 
ized 1742). 

4th and Arch Sts., southeast corner; Friends’ Arch Street Meeting House. Built 1804. 
Stop. (The First Friends’ Meeting at ‘Shackamaxon,”’ 1682). 

Ath and Willing’s Alley (opposite No. 222 South 4th St.); stop; walk left on Willing’s 
Alley, north side, to St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church. Rebuilt 1838. Founded 1733. 
Opposite No. 261 South 4th St., St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church; the original cathe- 
dral church. Enlarged 1810. Founded 1763. 

4th and Pine Sts., southwest corner, Old Pine Street Presbyterian Church. Built 1768. 
Stop. Continue on 4th St. to 

Lombard St.; turn left. 4.0 3rd St.; turn left. 

3rd and Pine Sts., southwest corner, St. Peter’s Church. Founded 1758. Stop. Con- 
tinue on 3rd St. to 


Be 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. 


Thursday, December 26, 1799, as part of the 
music selected for funeral honors “to the 
late illustrious chief” (See Route 8). 

St. George’s Methodist Church, Fourth 
below New Street, adjoining No. 227 North 
Fourth Street (3.0), represents the earliest 
Methodist congregation in Philadelphia, 
which purchased a shell of a church on this 
site November 23, 1769. In October, 1771, 
Francis Asbury, the apostle of Methodism in 
America, came from England to Philadel- 
phia, sent by Wesley, and preached his first 
sermon in America in St. George’s Church. 
Mr. Asbury at first became pastor of this 
church and later took the title of Bishop. In 
this church was held Friday, March 23, 1770, 
the first American “‘love-feast”; and, on No- 
vember 4, 1771, the first American ‘‘watch- 
night”; both features in the tradition and 
practice of the Methodist Church. The first 
‘Methodist Conference also was held here 
July 14, 1773. St. George’s Church claims 
to be the oldest existing Methodist Church 
building in the world. One of the early pas- 
tors of the church, Rev. John Dickens, who 
died in 1798, was founder of the Methodist 
Book Concern of the United States. 

At the southeast corner of Fourth and 
Cherry Streets (3.1), we pass the site of old 
Zion Lutheran Church, already mentioned as 
being first erected here in 1769, and rebuilt 
in 1786. In this old church, notable for 
its size in accommodating between two and 
three thousand persons, gathered many dis- 
tinguished officials and citizens to listen to 
the celebrated funeral oration on George 
Washington delivered by Henry Lee of Vir- 
ginia. On this old corner at Fourth and 
Cherry Streets in Philadelphia, in the funeral 
oration of “Light-Horse Harry” Lee, Wash- 
ington was first imperishably epitomized to 
the world as “first in war, first in peace, and 
first in the hearts of his countrymen.’ A 
tablet should mark the spot. 

The Friends’ Arch Street Meeting House, 
Arch and Fourth Streets, southeast corner 
(3.2), although not built until 1804, stands 
on ground where the Society of Friends have 
buried their dead from the foundation of 
the city. It is the direct successor of “The 
Great Meeting House” of the early Quakers, 


built in 1695, which stood at the southwest 
corner of Second and High Streets, on 
grounds the gift of George Fox. This early 
meeting house was replaced by a larger 
building in 1755. The latter was displaced 
in 1804 by the Arch Street Meeting House. 
Previous to “The Great Meeting House,” 
that is, in 1685, there were two meeting 
houses of the Friends, one at Centre Square, 
where the City Hall now stands, not long 
used because too far “out of town” and the 
other on the west side of Front Street above 
Sassafras (afterwards Race Street), known 
as the “Bank” Meeting House, which con- 
tinued in use for a hundred years, being 
taken down in 1789. Before any of these 
buildings were erected, however, the first 
Friends’ Meeting was held in 1682 at the 
house of Thomas Fairman at Shackamaxon, 
opposite the famous: Treaty Elm. At the 
southwest corner of the grounds surround- 
ing the Arch Street Meeting House ‘still 
hovers the shade of William Penn. Here was 
buried the wife of Governor Lloyd, the first 
person ever interred in these grounds, and 
Penn in appreciation of her character and 
piety spoke at the grave. 

At Fourth and Arch Streets is held the 
Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of Friends, be- 
ginning the last Second-day in the Third 
month, at 10 A. M. Membership is for the 
most part composed of Friends living in 
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and 
parts of Maryland. The membership of Phila- 
delphia Yearly Meeting in 1924 was 4461. 
Meetings are also held here on First-days and 
Fifth-days at 10.30 o’clock. The Fifth-day 
meetings are attended largely by business 
men who are unable to attend the mid-week 
sittings of their own Meetings, the attend- 
ance averaging from 60 to 70. 

St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church, 
hidden away in Willing’s Alley, on the north 
side, between Third and Fourth Streets (3.6), 
is the oldest Catholic Church in Philadel- 
phia. The present church building, half an- 
cient and half modern in some of its aspects, 
in reality is the fourth of its name. It was 
built in 1838, but occupies the site of the first 
church, founded in 1733. A picturesque iron 
gate opens into an archway, beyond which 


Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. 





THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH LRESPIRST BAPTIST CHURCH 
Built in 1825. Founded in 1692. Built in 1899. Founded in 1695. 





ane MICHAEL’S CHURGH, GERMANTOWN CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN, GERMANTOWN 
Rebuilt in 1896. Founded in 1730. The oldest German First church of the Dunkards, founded in 1723. The building 
Lutheran Congregation in Pennsylvania. put up in 1770 has recently been remodeled. 





Sate JOSEPH’S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH MIKVE ISRAEL SYNAGOGUE 
Founded in i733. Rebuilt in 1838. The oldest Catholic Established at Broad and York in 1909. The oldest Jewish 
Church in Philadelphia, congregation in Philadelphia, organized about 1747. 


57 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. 





ST. MARY’S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, 1763 


Commodore Barry is buried in the churchyard of this his- 
toric edifice, once the Cathedral Church of Philadelphia. 


is a large square, paved courtyard. Opposite 
the gate is the church, a modest brick build- 
ing with long rounded stained glass windows. 
Nearby is a bust of Father Barbelin and a 
tablet to his memory. The house on the 
right of the courtyard is used as a dwelling 
by the priests. St. Joseph’s points with pride 
to the fact that Lafayette, the Counts de 
Rochambeau and De la Grasse, and many 
of the gallant French officers who fought for 
us during the Revolutionary War, have stood 
within its walls. Washington, on May 27th, 
1787, when he came to Philadelphia to at- 
tend the Constitutional Convention, attended 
divine service here and listened to a sermon 
by Rev. Dr. Beeston. St. Joseph’s has wit- 
nessed and shared in all the vicissitudes of 
the Catholic Church since the days of its 
foundation in 1732, when Father Greaton, 
a solitary priest came here from Baltimore, 
and in Quaker guise began his secret min- 
istrations. 

St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church, 
Fourth above Spruce (3.7), built in 1763 and 
enlarged in 1810, was the second Catholic 
church erected in Philadelphia. It became 
the cathedral church when the first Catholic 
Bishop of Philadelphia, Right Rev. Michael 
Egan, was appointed. The interior of the 
church is exceptionally attractive and the 


stained glass windows are of rare beauty. 
In the graveyard in the rear is the tomb of 
Commodore Barry. 

Old Pine Street Presbyterian Church, 
Fourth and Pine Streets, southwest corner 
(3.8), was built in 1768 on ground granted 
by Thomas and Richard Penn, then “pro- 
prietaries and governors of the Province of 
Pennsylvania.” It is the only Presbyterian 
edifice in Philadelphia preserved from the 
colonial period. Here may be seen docu- 
ments, prints, and portraits of genuine his- 
toric interest, including a portrait of the 
first pastor, the Rev. George Duffield, who 
was Chaplain of the Continental Congress, 
and Chaplain of all the Pennsylvania Militia 
in the Revolution. Among the distinguished 
communicants have been John Adams, Presi- 
dent of the United States; Dr. Benjamin 
Rush, signer of the Declaration of Independ- 
ence; and Dr. William Shippen, Jr., first pro- 
fessor of medicine in America, and director- 
general of all hospitals during the Revolu- 
tion. In the churchyard may be seen the 
tombstone of William Hurrie, bell-ringer of 
the State House, who probably rang the 
Liberty Bell on the first Independence Day. 

St. Peter’s Church, Third and Pine Streets, 





Si AUGUSTINE'S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH 
Founded in 1796 and rebuilt in 1846. 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. 





ST. GEORGE’S METHODIST CHURCH, 1769 


Sentiment for this oldest existing Methodist Church building in the world diverted the Delaware River 
Bridge from the course first planned for it. 
Mileage 


4.2 Opposite No. 222-South 3rd St., below Walnut, St. Paul’s Church. Now used as the 
Philadelphia Protestant Episcopal City Mission. Founded 1761. Stop. Continue 
on 3rd St. to 4.6 Arch St.; turnright. 4.7 2nd St.; turn right. 

4.8 2nd St. above Market, west side, Christ Church. Built 1727. Founded 1695. Stop. 
Continue on 2nd St. to . 

5.0 Chestnut St.; turn left. 5.1 Delaware Ave.; turn right. 

6.1 Old Swedes’ Church, Swanson below Christian St., on right. For entrance continue to 

6.2 Washington Ave.; turn right. 6.2 South Water St.; turn right. 

6.3 South Water St., below Christian, east side. Entrance to Old Swedes’ Church. Built 
1700. Founded 1685. Stop. Continue on South Water St. to 

6.3 Christian St.; turn left. 

6.8 5th St.; turn right, and immediately left onto Queen St. 

6.9 Cross 6th St. and turn diagonally left onto Passyunk Ave. At 8.0 bear right. 

9.8 Cross Passyunk Avenue Bridge over Schuylkill River, passing at 11.0 into 63rd St. 

11.7. Woodland Ave.; turn left. 

12.3 Woodland Ave., between 68th and 69th Sts., south side, St. James Church, Kingsessing. 
Built 1760. Stop. Reverse at 12.3 on Woodland Ave. to 

i335 «538th St. turn left. 


59 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. 





ST. PETER’S CHURCH, 1758-61 


The beauty of the Third Street front of this historic build- 
ing is often overlooked. 


southeast corner (4.0), was dedicated in 
1761. It was united with Christ Church 
until 1832, sharing with that church its no- 
table rectors, including the famous and 
patriotic “Billy” White, afterwards the first 
Episcopal Bishop in America. Here may 
be seen portraits of Bishop White in pow- 
dered wig, Rev. Dr. Smith, provost of the 
Philadelphia College, in black gown graced 
with the crimson stole of the Oxford grad- 
uate, and the Rev. Jacob Duche, the first 
clergyman, also in powdered wig peculiar to 
the time. In the days of the Continental 
Congress, and during his presidency, Wash- 
ington frequently worshipped here, and his 
pew is still pointed out. 
high and square, and the whole interior calls 
to mind the charm of by-gone days. In the 
beautiful churchyard is a monument to Com- 
modore Stephen Decatur. 

St. Paul’s Church, Third Street below 
Walnut (4.2), built in 1762, no longer used 
for church services, is occupied by the Phila- 
delphia Protestant Episcopal City Mission. 
Edwin Forrest, a Philadelphian, and the 
greatest tragedian of his time, is buried in 
a tomb at the right on entrance. Stephen 
Girard was married in this church, June 6, 


Wii: 


The pews are , 


Christ Church, on the west side of Second 
Street above Market (4.8), foremost in its 
historic associations with early Philadelphia, 
built in 1727, is the third oldest church build- 
ing in the city, being antedated by both Old 
Swedes’ Church at Wicaco, and Trinity 
Church, Oxford. A congregation of the 
Church of England, however, established 
itself in Philadelphia as early as 1695) A 
church was built and finished in 1697, prob- 
ably on the site of the present Christ Church, 
but there is no doubt that the ground where 
the church now stands was acquired for 
church purposes in 1702. The present build- 
ing was begun in 1727; gradually there was 
built up under the direction of Dr. John 
Kearsley, a lay architect, the magnificent 
church building that was finally completed 
in 1753-54 by the addition of the tower and 
steeple, with its famous ring of chiming 
bells. Without and within, the ancient pe- 
culiarities of architecture of this revered old 
church are well preserved. Memories of the 
long-lived and venerable assistant and rector, 
the Rev. William White, who after the Revo- 
lution became Bishop of Pennsylvania, and 
for forty years Senior Bishop of the United 
States, hallow the place. The pew that 
Washington occupied with his family during 
his stay in Philadelphia as President is con- 





ST. PAUL’S CHURCH, 1762 


Here Stephen Girard was married and in the front yard is 
the tomb of Edwin Forrest. 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. 





MENNONITE MEETING HOUSE, GERMANTOWN, 1770 


William Rittenhouse was pastor of the log meeting house erected on the same spot in 1708. 

Mileage 

14.6 Turn diagonally left across Baltimore Ave. onto Cobb’s Creek Parkway, becoming at 
Market St. 63rd St. 17.7 Lancaster Ave.; turn left. 

18.1 City Line Ave.; turn right. 19.2 Old Lancaster Road; turn left. 

20.6 Merion Meeting House. Built 1695. Eastablished 1682. Stop. Turn immediately 
right on Meeting House Road. 

21.3 Turn left on Levering Mill Road. 

22.1 Belmont Ave.; turn right. 

23.0 City Line Ave.; turn left, reservoir on right. 

23.9 Cross bridge over Schuylkill River. 

24.1 Fork at end of bridge; turn left. 

24.3 Turn right under RR. bridge onto Wissahickon Drive. 25.5 Fork; bear right. 

26.4 Pass through gate out of Fairmount Park. Continue on Lincoln Drive to 

27.9 Allen Lane; turn right. 

28.3 Germantown Ave. (Main St.); turn right. On the east side of Main St., opposite 
Allen Lane, is the Lutheran Theological Seminary; memorial to Dr. Henry Melchior 
Muhlenberg. 

29.1 Phil-ellena and Main St., southeast corner, St. Michael’s Lutheran Church. Rebuilt 
1896. Founded 1730. Stop. 

29.2 No. 6613 Germantown Ave., north of Sharpnack St., Church of the Brethren, or Dun- 
kards. Built in part 1770. Founded 1723. Stop. 


—~61 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. 


spicuous. In this church in 1785, a conven- 
tion of churches representing seven States 
resolved on the foundation of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church of the United States. The 
Rev. William White and the Rev. Samuel 
Provoost were consecrated bishops by the 
Archbishop of Canterbury and the Arch- 
bishop of ‘York, ian1767, at" Lambeth) = [he 
plot of ground at the southeast corner of 
Fifth and Arch Streets where Franklin lies 
buried, belongs to Christ Church, having 
been purchased in 1719, and many eminent 
men are there interred. Within the church, 
however, and on the lot adjoining, many 
notables rest in their family vaults, chief 
among them being Robert Morris, patriot- 
financier of the Revolution. In 1882 the re- 
mains of Bishop White were transferred to 
a tomb beneath the chancel of the church. 
An endowment fund fortunately insures the 
permanent preservation of this mother 
church—hallowed to all churchmen, an 
object of reverence to every patriotic Amer- 
ican and still an active Christian force in 
the community. 

Venerable and venerated, Old Swedes’ 
Church (“Gloria Dei’), the entrance to 
which ison South Water Street below Chris- 
tian (6.1), is the oldest church building in 
Philadelphia, having -been built in 1700. 
Erected by the Swedes on the site of a pre- 
vious blockhouse church, this building is a 
memorial to services that have been con- 
tinuous since Trinity Sunday, 1677, when the 
Rev. Jacob Fabritius preached here his first 
sermon as pastor of the Swedes and conse- 
crated the old log fort to the service of God. 
The last of the Swedish pastors was the 
Rev. Dr. Nicholas Collin, who died in 1831, 
in his eighty-seventh year, completing a pas- 
torate of forty-five years and beloved by all. 
Within the church and in the adjoining 
graveyard are tablets and stones commem- 
orating the lives of ministers and people who 
worshipped here. Alexander Wilson, the 
ornithologist, lies here among the dead, seek- 
ing even in death “a silent, shady place 
where birds would be apt to come and sing 
over his grave.” Originally Swedish Luth- 
eran, the Old Swedes’ Church passed under 





the control of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in 1831 (5ee Routes bjs 

St. James of Kingsessing, Woodland Ave- 
nue at Sixty-eighth Street (12.3), is another 
noble landmark of the early Swedish set- 
tlers. Built in 1760, it was the second of 
the three original Swedish Churches. Other 
details regarding it will be found in Route 1. 

The Merion Meeting House, old Lancaster 
Road and Meeting House Lane (20.6), built 
by the Welsh Friends in 1695, is the oldest 
meeting house of the Society of Friends, 
and the oldest place of religious worship in 
Pennsylvania. One of the founders of this 
most ancient of church buildings was Dr. 
Thomas Wynne, Penn’s friend and physician, 
who came over with him in the Welcome. The 
wooden peg on which he used to hang his 
hat may still be seen. Descendants who con- 
tinue his name still sit at the head of this 
well-cherished meeting. In this old build- 
ing, picturesque without and within, the 
voice of William Penn often broke the 
silence of the meeting on First-day morning. 

St. Michael’s Lutheran Church, southeast 
corner of Main and Phil-ellena Streets, Ger- 
mantown (29.1), founded about 1737, is the 
oldest German Lutheran congregation in 
Pennsylvania. The present church building 
is the third to occupy the site, having been 
erected in 1896. Here the distinguished Rev. 
Henry Melchior Muhlenberg labored in 1742. 
His eldest son was the celebrated General 
John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg, who found 
time to fight as well as preach, and startled 
his congregation by appearing in military 
uniform covered by the minister’s gown, 
which he stripped off at the close of his 
patriotic sermon. This preacher-general 
made finally such a record during the Revo- 
lutionary War that he was afterwards elected 
to high public offices, including that of 
United States Senator. William A. Muhlen- 
berg, a great grandson of the Lutheran 
founder, became an Episcopal minister, and 
was the author of the once popular hymn, 
“T would not live alway.” In the graveyard, 
to the left on entrance, is the tomb of Chris- 
topher Ludwick, “Baker General’ to the Con- 
tinental Army. Major Witherspoon (son of 
the distinguished President of Princeton Col- 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. 





TRINITY CHURCH, OXFORD, 1711 


In this parish church in a sequestered corner of old Philadelphia Church of England services have gone 


Mileage 


29.8 


30.5 


30.6 


30.9 


31.6 
pag | 
32.5 
33.6 
36.4 
36.5 


38.2 
41.8 
42.0 
44.1 
40.6 


on unbroken for upwards of two centuries. 


Germantown Ave., north of Herman St., east side, Mennonite Meeting House. Built 
1770. Founded 1708. Stop. 

Market Square Presbyterian Church (1856), opposite No. 5442 Germantown Ave. 
Present building is the third building in succession to the German Reformed Church 
first built on this site in 1733. 

Coulter and Germantown Ave., northwest corner, Germantown Friends’ Meeting (con- 
nected with the Arch Street Yearly Meeting); buildings modern; ground deeded 1693; 
first organized 1683. Stop (See Route 3). 

No. 5109 Germantown Ave., Thones Kunder’s House, first meeting place of the Society 
of Friends in Germantown (See Route 3). 

Wingohocking St.; turn left. 

Cross Broad St. 

Roosevelt Boulevard; turn left. 

Rising Sun Ave.; turn left. 

Church Lane; turn right. 

Trinity Church, Oxford, Church Lane, between Rising Sun Ave. and Oxford Road. 
Built 1711. Stop. 36.6 Oxford Road; turn right. 

Right onto Roosevelt Boulevard. 

Curve around circle, continuing on Boulevard. 

Broad St.; turn left. 

Mikve Israel Synagogue, Broad and York, S. E. corner. Built 1909. Founded 1747. 


City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 
63 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 4—The Ancient Churches—46.6 m. 


BO 


MARKET SQUARE CHURCH, GERMANTOWN 


Established first as a Presbyterian Church in 1856, it began 
as the German Reformed Church, 1733. 


lege), killed in the Battle of Germantown, 
is buried here. 

The Church of the Brethren, or Dunkards, 
at No. 6613 Main Street, above Sharpnack 
Street, Germantown (29.2), notable as the 
mother congregation of this sect in America, 
began as a church organization in 1723, 
although the front portion of the present 
otherwise modern building dates back only 
to 1770. Within the meeting house may be 
seen a tablet to the memory of Christopher 
Sower, the younger, at one time Bishop of 
the Church of the Brethren, and to the mem- 
ory of Christopher Sower, the father, famous 
for publishing the first American quarto edi- 
tion of the Bible in 1743. In the well-kept 
graveyard lies Alexander Mack, founder of 
the Dunkard Sect. . 


The Mennonite Meeting House, on Main 
Street above Herman Street, Germantown 
(29.8), was built in 1770, the successor of 
a little log meeting house built in 1708. In- 
deed among the first thirteen German fam- 
ilies that settled Germantown in 1683 some 
were Friends and some were Mennonites. 
The first pastor of the Mennonite congrega- 
tion was William Rittenhouse, famous as the 
first paper-maker in the colonies, and as the 
ancestor of the distinguished David Ritten- 
house. A tablet to his memory is at the right 
on entrance to the church grounds. In the 
surrounding graveyard are numerous tomb- 
stones of exceptional interest. 





The Market Square Presbyterian Church, 
Market Square, Germantown (30.5), Presby- 
teria in its organization only since 1856, is 
the third building erected on the site of the 
original German Reformed Church, built 
here in 1733. Here Washington attended 
services during his presidency, when in 1793 
he resided temporarily in the Morris House, 
No. 5442 Main Street, directly opposite. 

The Germantown Friends’ Meeting House, 
Coulter Street west of Germantown Avenue 
(30.6), stands on land conveyed to the meet- 
ing by one of the early German Friends, 
Jacob Shoemaker, in 1693. The attendance 
on First-day mornings is from 200 to 300. 
There are five recorded ministers and fre- 
quent vocal service from the body of the 
Meeting. The first Meeting House was built 
in 1686; the present Meeting House dates 
from 1866. The earliest meetings of Friends 
in Germantown were held at the house of 
Thones Kunder as early as 1683. Francis 
Daniel Pastorius, the leader of the thirteen 
original settlers of Germantown, was prom- 
inent in this Meeting, and is probably buried 
in the adjoining graveyard, although the 
grave is not marked (See Route 3). 

On Church Road, between Rising Sun 
Avenue and Oxford Road (36.5), still stands 
Trinity Church, Oxford, erected in 1711. 
A date stone on the front of the old church 
records that Church of England services. 
were held on this site as early as 1698 in a 
log meeting house originally built by the 
Oxford Society of Friends. The wings of 
the church building as it now stands were 
added in 1833, and the tower in 1875. In the 
vestryroom are portraits, and two auto- 
graph letters from the Rev. William Smith, 
first Provost of the College of Philadelphia. 
The surrounding churchyard bears ample 
testimony to the antiquity of the place, 
some tombstones dating back to 1708 and 
1709, and showing the names of the birth- 
places of these early English settlers, still 
preserved in the nomenclature of the sur- 
rounding region. The ground on which the 
church stands was purchased from Tobias 
and Hester Leech, whose tombstone is con- 
spicuous in the surrounding graveyard. 


Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes 





STENTON—BUILT BY JAMES LOGAN IN 1728 


Most historic of early colonial country-seats, the home of Penn’s’ friend and confidential secretary is 
possessed of rare charm and beauty. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m. 


This drive leads up busy Broad Street, across ancient Germantown, through the never-tiring delights 
of the Wissahickon, in and around the rural roads of West Fairmount Park, and finally, after a detour to 


Haverford, down the lively thoroughfares of modern West Philadelphia. 


It is full of striking contrasts, all 


heightened by vivid reminders of the simplicity of colonial days as emphasized by James Logan’s delightful 
home at Stenton, John Bartram’s cherished garden in Kingsessing, and many interesting and notable inter- 


vening places. 


ARLY colonial houses in excellent pres- 
ervation are still numerous in Phila- 
delphia. 

Going north on Broad Street and turning 
left into Courtlandt Street (4.9), we reach 
Stenton (5.3), the home of James Logan, 
secretary and confidential friend of William 
Penn. Built in 1728, Stenton is now owned 
by the city and occupied as headquarters by 
the Colonial Dames. The builder of this 
delightful colonial home came to Philadel- 
phia in 1699, and died in his seventy-seventh 
year in 1751. He first lived in Penn’s old 
Slate Roof House on Second Street above 
Walnut. His whole life. was identified 
officially with the Penn family and the pro- 
prietary government. Scholar as well as 
official, his fine collection of rare and val- 
uable editions, classic and scientific, became 
the foundation of the Loganian library, now 
possessed by the Philadelphia Library Com- 
pany. Scotch by ancestry, Irish by birth, 
English colonial by adoption, Quaker by dis- 
position, James Logan became progenitor of 
a foremost American family. Stenton was 
occupied by members of the Logan family 
down to about 1876, the last private owner 
being Gustavus Logan, grandson of Dr. 
George Logan, who died in 1821. 

Without and within Stenton still reflects 
the enduring charm of early colonial days. 
The visitor should walk around the great 
square structure, with its pent roof, and attic, 
and see first the old-fashioned flower garden, 
still enchanting for its simple beauty. 
Nearby are the stables, once connected with 
the house by an underground passage, which 
led to a secret staircase and a door under 
the roof. Not far from the house may be 
seen the old walled family burying-ground. 
An embanked vault in this was once the out- 
let of the secret underground passage lead- 
ing from the house. Fine old oaks, pines 


66 


and hemlocks still adorn and guard the 
grounds. The Wingohocking Creek, which 
once meandered through Logan’s many- 
acred plantation, has been swallowed up by 
modern improvements. 

Within Stenton much is to be seen of 
stirring interest. The brick hall, the mag- 
nificent double staircase, the lofty rooms cov- 
ered with fine old-fashioned woodwork, the 
high wainscoting, the beautiful chimney 
places set round with blue and white sculp- 
tured tiles with grotesque devices, the corner 
cupboards, the cupboards in arched niches 
over the mantelpieces, the finely lighted 
spacious room on the second floor, used as 
a library by the book-loving masters of the 
place,—all conjure up the charm of perished 
days. Family portraits, recently rehung on 
the walls, ancestral furniture spread through 
the rooms, books and letters of the first 
James Logan—all add to the attractiveness 
of this dignified reminder of early colonial 
life. ; 

Before leaving Stenton we remind our- 
selves that here came the Indians for friendly 
consultation, sometimes three or four hun- 
dred strong, encamping on the grounds for 
days; here Thomas Godfrey, glazier, en- 
gaged on a routine every-day task, stumbled 
upon and grasped the idea that led to his in- 
vention of the quadrant; here Howe made 
his headquarters before and after the Battle 
of Germantown; here Washington had head- 
quarters on his way to the Brandywine, and 
in later peaceful days dined with the Logan 
family ; here was born and lived Dr. George 
Logan, James Logan’s grandson, United 
States Senator from Pennsylvania from 1801 
until 1807. 

Turning into Germantown Avenue (Main 
Street) (5.8), at No. 5261 Main Street (6.6), 
we come upon another venerated memorial 
of colonial days—the Wister House, built in 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m. 





Driving time about 2 hrs. 15 min. Stops of at least 30 minutes each should be made at Stenton, Bel- 
mont, and Bartram’s Garden. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.” 


Mileage 

0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, north side. Go north on Broad St. 

4.9 Courtland St.; turn left. 

5.2 18th St.; turn right. Follow road at right into 

5.3  Stenton, home of James Logan, built 1728. Stop. Reverse on 18th St. to 

5.4 Courtland St.; turn right. 

5.6 20th St.; turn left, and immediately right onto Wingohocking St., and immediately 
right onto 5.8 Germantown Ave. (Main St.). 

6.6 No. 5261 Main St., the Wister House, built 1744. 

7.4 No. 6019 Main St., formerly the Green Tree Tavern, home of Daniel and Sarah Pas- 
torius, built 1748. For illustration, see Route 3. 

7.4 Walnut Lane; turn left. 

8.3. Wissahickon Ave.; turn left down hill. 

8.4 Lincoln Drive; turn right. 

8.6 Home of William Rittenhouse (birthplace of David Rittenhouse), built 1707 (See 
Routes 3 and 13). 





WISTER HOUSE, GERMANTOWN, 1744 


Remembered for its Revolutionary and other historic associations Grumblethorpe is also notable as the first 
summer home of a Philadelphia family in Germantown. 


67 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m. 


ie 





1 ee 


ey 





WOODFORD—BUILT BY WILLIAM COLEMAN, 1742 


Here lived the man of whom Franklin said: “He had the coolest, clearest head, the best heart, and the 
exactest morals of any man I ever met with.” 


1744 by John Wister, founder of a family 
conspicuous in the annals of Philadelphia. 
This house is interesting as the first erected 
in Germantown as a country-seat for a citi- 
zen of Philadelphia, to be used only in the 
summer season, a town-house and a country 
house ever since being the highest ambition 
as well as the highest reward of all aspiring 
Philadelphians. For the Revolutionary asso- 
ciations of the Wister House see Route 10. 

Five generations of Wisters have occu- 
pied this old house since John Wister, 
founder of the family, born near Heidel- 
berg, came a lad of eighteen to Philadel- 
phia in 1727, on a ship with some four 
hundred German emigrants. These emi- 
grants gave grave concern to James Logan 
and other members of the Provincial Council 
of Pennsylvania, who required these alleged 
religious refugees to take oath of allegiance 
to the king, and promise fidelity to the pro- 
prietor and obedience to the established con- 
stitution. The Lieutenant-Governor at the 


68 


time declared that the Province “may be en- 
dangered by such numbers of strangers 
daily pouring in, who being ignorant of our 
language and laws, and settling in a body to- 
gether, make, as it were, a distinct people 
from His Majesty’s subjects.” 

Farther along on Germantown Avenue, 
No. 6019 Main Street (7.4), we may inspect 
another early colonial home, built in 1748. 
This beautiful specimen of early architecture 
was built by Daniel and Sarah Pastorius, 
whose distinguished ancestor Francis Daniel 
Pastorius, founder of Germantown, lived in 
the original homestead that stood down to 
about 1872 on the site of the adjoining 
Methodist Church (See Route 3). Francis 
Daniel Pastorius died in 1719, and some of 
his descendants of the name of Pastorius 
still live in Germantown. The Green Tree 
Tavern (7.4), as the house was once known, 
was kept by Daniel Pastorius as a public 
house until his death in 1754. 

A beautiful drive along the Wissahickon 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m. 





INTERIOR OF BELMONT MANSION, 1745 


Connecting fireplace, doors, and windows in a definite architectural scheme, wood paneling was a beautiful 
feature of an early colonial home. 


Mileage 
9.9 Cross under RR. bridge, leaving Wissahickon Drive. 

10.0 ‘Turn left onto East River Drive. 

PP Seeoeariert 1p hill. 

12.2.5 lurn lett. 

12.4 Woodford Mansion, on left, near York St. entrance to Fairmount Park. Beyond man- 
sion take right fork, and continue on road curving left. 

12.8 Cross trolley bridge over the Schuylkill River. 

13.2 Left fork down hill. 

13.5 Turn left on Speedway. 

14.0 Bear left over bridge. 

14.1 Turn left. 

14.3 Belmont Mansion, built 1745. Stop; visit interior. Magnificent view of city. Con- 
tinue to 

14.7. Turn right. | 

14.8 Straight ahead across Belmont Ave. (Turn right for detour). 


Detour to Whitby New.—0.0 Belmont Ave.; turn right. 0.5 Conshohocken Road; turn left. 
0.9 City Line Ave.; turn left. 1.5 Cross Old Lancaster Road. 2.6 Lancaster Pike; turn right. 
6.2 On left, Old Buck Tavern (1735). Turn left onto Old Buck Lane. 6.6 Dead end; turn right onto 


69 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m. 


and the east bank of the Schuylkill River 
brings us to Woodford, known also as the 
Coleman Mansion, standing near the York 
Street entrance to Fairmount Park (12.4). 
William Coleman, who occupied Woodford, 
was the first treasurer of the Philadelphia 
Library Company, which grew out of Frank- 
lin’s Junto. Beginning life as a merchant’s 
clerk, he afterwards became one of the great 
merchants of the time. Franklin said of 
him: “He had the coolest, clearest head, 
the best heart, and the exactest morals of 
any man I ever met with.” The house was 
built in 1742, and is the oldest mansion in 
Fairmount Park. There is a casting in the 
chimney with the family coat of arms and 
the date. Here lived in Revolutionary days 
the Franks family. In 1784 one of the mem- 
bers of this family became bearer of the 
ratified treaty of peace to England. Famed 
for her beauty, wit, and wealth, Rebecca 
Franks, one of the queens of the Mischianza, 
married an officer of the British army. 

Crossing the trolley bridge (12.8) over 
the Schuylkill River, we reach 
the high plateau on which Belmont Man- 
sion (14.3) stands. These grounds were 
bought in 1742 by William Peters, the 
wealthy brother of the Rev. Dr. Richard 
Peters, who is mentioned in a letter of James 
Logan as early as 1735. 

The date of the main outbuilding of 
Belmont Mansion is fixed by a monogram 
still visible, ““T. W. P., 1745,” cut on a slab 
set in the wall; but the original small stone 
house, with a bay on the southern end, was 


ee) 
q 





WHITBY HALL—BUILT 1741 
“Whitby New’’—Tunbridge Road, Haverford, 1923 


shortly | 


probably finished in 1743, for Richard 
Peters, the son of the owner, was born there 
in June, 1744. Young Richard Peters was 
destined to become famous as a patriot, and 
particularly as a Judge of the United States 
District Court in Pennsylvania. Indeed 
the Revolutionary and later history of Bel- 
mont quite overshadows all its other associa- 
tions (See Route 10). In 1867) Belmont 
came into the possession of the city and since 
then has been a Park restaurant. 

Standing at the hall door of Belmont 
(14.3), one should enjoy the uninterrupted 
descending vista to the river, with its varie- 
gation of greensward and woodland, sun- 
light and shadow, which some one once said 
was worth crossing the continent to see. It 
should be remembered that Belmont was 
originally a “colonial plantation,” of over 
two hundred acres, beautiful in situation, 
and embracing the island in the Schuyl- 
kill River afterwards known as Peter’s 
Island. Here went on the life of the typical 
English colonist and official. 

Within Belmont Mansion, observe the 
broad hall, the small window-glass and 
heavy sashes, the highly ornamented wooden 
mantlepieces, the comfortable dining room, 
open fireplaces, the coat-of-arms of the 
family, and the other artistic devices on 
the ceiling, representing musical instruments 
of various kinds. 

A detour from Belmont to Haverford is 
quite worth while for a glimpse of Whitby 
Hall, generally agreed to be as perfect a 
specimen of colonial architecture as exists 
anywhere in the neighborhood of Philadel- 
phia. Built in 1741 by James Coultas, High 
Sheriff of Philadelphia for the years 1755- 
1758, Whitby Hall stood for more than a 
hundred and eighty years in Philadelphia at 
the northeast corner of Fifty-eighth and 
Florence Street, but was taken down brick 
by brick and removed to Haverford in 1922. 
It is occupied by descendants of the family 
of James Coultas and George Gray, in the 
seventh generation. The interior is of rare 
architectural beauty. 

After a long and devious drive we pass 
(19.4) the original site of Whitby Hall at 
Fifty-eighth and Florence Streets. The 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m. 





JOHN BARTRAM’S HOME, KINGSESSING, 1731 


Clothed with clinging ivy and climbing roses, this house of rough hewn stone, built by the first American 
botanist, is for stateliness and rusticity unmatched in America. 


Railroad Ave. 6.7 Fork; keep left on College Ave. 7.2 Cross bridge over Philadelphia and Western 

Railway. 7.3 Tunbridge Road; turn right. Road curves to left. 7.4 Whitby New (second house on 

left), Tunbridge Road, Haverford. Reverse on Tunbridge Road to starting point. 

Mileage 

15.1 On left English House, a remaining memorial of the Centennial Exposition, 1876. 

15.3 Bear right, and immediately left, curving down hill. 

15.6 Curve right onto 52nd St. 

18.0 Baltimore Ave.; turn right. 

18.7 58th St.; turn left. 

19.4 Florence and 58th Sts., southeast corner, original site of Whitby Hall; built 1745; 
removed 1922 to Haverford, Pa. 

19.9 Woodland Ave.; turn left. 

20.3 54th St.; turn right. . 

20.6 Elmwood Ave.; turn left and immediately right across bridge to 

20.7 Bartram’s Home and Garden, 1731. Stop. Reverse, turning left on Elmwood Ave., 
and immediately right onto 54th St. 

21.1 Woodland Ave.; turn right. 

22.2 43rd and Woodland Ave.; turn left. 

22.9 Walnut St.; turn right. 

23.6 36th St.; turn left. 

23.7 Chestnut St.; turn right. 

e5.2° Oth ot. turn left. 

25.3 Market St.; turn right. 

25.5 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


71 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 5—Some Early Colonial Homes—25.5 m. 


house stood at the end of Gray’s lane, on the 
brow of a hill rising from the Ameasaka 
Creek, once tributary to Cobb’s Creek. 
Coultas’s saw-mill near Cobb’s Creek, his 
ferry across the Schuylkill River, the farm- 
lands that once made up his plantation, the 
rough roads that he straightened, the ob- 
structions to navigation in the Schuylkill 
for the removal of which he labored, have all 
disappeared. And now Whitby Hall has 
been displaced, too. 

Some idea of an English plantation in 
colonial days may be deduced from this ad- 
vertisement, which appeared in the Pennsyl- 
vania Gazette for April 7, 1768: “On 
Thursday, the 7th of April inst. at 9 o’clock 
in the morning, at the plantation of the late 
James Coultas’s, Esq., in Blockley, will be 
sold. by public vendue, all the stock, car- 
-riages and implements of husbandry, con- 
sisting of horses, mares and colts, milch 
cows, and store cattle, a very large bull, 20 
fine sheep, some of the English breed, with 
lambs; wagons, carts and geers, plows, har- 
rows and slay; carpenter’s tools; a quantity 
of wheelwright stuff, well-seasoned, and a 
variety of very good household and kitchen 
furniture, some plate, and many other things, 
not particularly mentioned.” And then is 
added a note: “To be sold at private sale 
6 Negroes, viz., a Negro man, a cooper by 
trade, a very good workman; his wife, a very 
good house-wench, with one female child, 
two years old; one other Negro woman, a 
good house and dairy maid; likewise two 
twins, a boy and a girl, ten years old, smart 
lively children.” 

Turning into Woodland Avenue (19.9), 
and again into Fifty-fourth Street (20.3), 
we complete this trip by visiting the pic- 
turesque mansion (20.7) built in 1731 by 
John Bartram, the first American botanist, 
once called by Linnaeus “the greatest of nat- 
ural botanists in the world.” The quaint 
Bartram Home, built of hewn stone and mor- 
tar, odd-fashioned in architecture but solid 
and enduring, was the product of its owner’s 
own hands. The date stone on the south 
side of the house contains the names of 
John and Ann Bartram. Over the front 
window of the apartment used by Bartram 


az 


for his study, on a stone built into the wall, 
is an inscription added in 1770, significant 
for its declaration: 


“Tis God alone, almighty Lord, 
The holy One by me adored.” 
Over the door of one of the nearby green- 
houses Bartram once placed these lines: 


“Slave to no sect, who takes no private road, 

But looks through Nature up to Nature’s God.” 

The original grounds of Bartram’s plan- 
tation occupied six or seven acres. The gar-_ 
den which he laid out adjoining his house 
sloped to the banks of the Schuylkill River. 
There was once a fine prospect of the river 
and of the rich meadows up and down on 
both sides, with glimpses of the Delaware 
at a distance. In the garden may still be 
found trees, fruits, and plants gathered by 
Bartram in his wide travels in his native 
country. 

John Bartram died in this old house Sep- 
tember 22, 1777, just as the British were 
advancing from the Brandywine. He was 
born March 23, 1699, at Darby, then in 
Chester County. Benjamin’ Franklin, in- 
troducing Bartram to Jared Eliot in 1775, 
wrote: “I believe you will find him to be at 
least twenty folio pages, large paper, well- 
filled, on the subjects of botany, fossils, hus- 
bandry, and the first creation.” As early as 
1729, James Logan, writing abroad for a 
copy of Parkinson’s “Herbal,” said: “I 
shall make it a present to a person worthier 
of a heavier purse than fortune has yet al- 
lowed him. John Bartram has a genius per- 
fectly well turned for botany.” James Logan 
thus we see was a friend and neighbor to 
the farthest limits of early Philadelphia. 

Visitors to Bartram’s early home in the 
wilderness should take with them, if possible, 
Hector St. John Crévecoeur’s Letters from an 
American Farmer, and read on the spot the 
famous letter. of a Russian gentleman de- 
scribing the visit he paid to Bartram at the 
request of 'Crevecoeur. _ Peter (Kalm>eine 
Swedish traveller, a professor in the Univer- 
sity of Aabo, Swedish Finland, in his Travels 
in America, also tells of a visit here in 1748, | 
giving a vivid and entertaining picture of 
3artram and his home life (See Route 1). 





Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians 


aygionee 


; 
i 
i 
‘| 
‘ 
4 
g 





AN AMERICAN INDIAN CHIEF 


ioe 


Conspicuous in the collection of Indian relics and curios in the Old City Hall, Fifth and Chestnut 
Streets, in this contemporary portrait by Charles Willson Peale. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m. 





For young and old alike this trip is a fascinating and remarkable set of experiences. 


Beginning with 


relics, books, pictures, and curios in museums, it extends to notable historic sites in the city, and finally stretches 
far out into the happy hunting grounds of the country, reaching the burial ground of the great Indian chief, 
Tamenend (Tammany), five miles from Doylestown, and the celebrated starting point of the famous 


“Indian Walk” at Wrightstown. 


The thirty mile drive back to the heart of Philadelphia leads uphill and 


down dale, through wide stretches of beautiful open country, past growing towns and villages, by thriving 
farms and wooded regions, along a great stretch of the Lincoln Highway, and, after completing the twelve miles 
of the magnificent Roosevelt Boulevard, carries one through miles of crowded streets and close-built houses 


back to the center of the white man’s civilization. 


ELICS and reminders of the Indians 
and the days of the wigwam are not 
entirely lacking in and around Philadelphia. 
Stop first at the Historical Society of 
Pennsylvania (0.5) and see, in the museum 
on the second floor, the famous wampum 
belt given by the Indians to William Penn 
when he made his celebrated treaty under 
the elm tree at Shackamaxon. One of 
Philadelphia’s greatest historic treasures, 
this precious Indian relic was given to the 
Historical Society in 1857 by Penn’s great- 
grandson, Granville John Penn. 


Across the street, at the Philadelphia 
Library Company, Juniper and Locust (0.5), 
in a case in the rear room, is displayed a 
number of dignified folios, printed chiefly by 
Benjamin Franklin, recording the “Minutes” 
of various conferences with the Indians, held 
at Lancaster and Easton from 1744 to 1762. 
Notable is the manuscript “Minutes” of the 
conferences, held at Easton in August, 1761, 
with the chief sachems and warriors of the 
Onondagoes, Oneidas, Mohickons, Tutelos, 
Cayugas, Nanticokes, Delawares and Conoys. 

A short walk north on Juniper Street from 
Locust brings one to the narrow alley called 
Chancellor Street, which leads on the left to 
an open plot of ground adjoining the Ritz- 
Carlton Hotel and the sidewalk of the Phila- 
delphia Library. Tradition has long said 
that this open plot was one of two Indian 
reservations set aside by the Penn family. 

Passing Independence Square at Walnut 
and Fifth “Streets 5 (4i5))- recaliethareria 
colonial days Indians came to the city in 
large numbers and camped for weeks in the 
State House Yard, a long row of sheds being 
put up about 1759 for their accommodation. 
If the trees in Independence Square had 
tongues some of them could tell interesting 


74 


tales of these early Indians. Here a ter- 
rified band of Indians finally fled for pro- 
tection when the Paxton Boys in 1764 started 
on their raid from Lancaster. On this 
ground Washington in 1791 made treaties 
with some of the great Indian chiefs,—with 
Cornplanter in January, with Red Jacket in 
March, and with Brant in June. There still 
exists in Buffalo the silver medal presented 
to Red Jacket as a token of affection, show- 
ing on one side Washington in uniform hand- 
ing the calumet to an Indian chief. 


Remember on entering the old City Hall 
at fifth and Chestnut Streets (1.6), used at 
one time by the Supreme Court of the 
United States, that here conferences with the 
Indians also were held. Conspicuous in the 
hallway on entrance is Benjamin» West’s 
painting of “Penn’s Treaty with the Indians.” 
Here also may be seen a section of the orig- 
inal Treaty Elm under which Penn made his 
treaty with the Indians at Kensington; a 
portrait of Red Jacket; a portrait of an 
American Indian Chief by Charles Willson 
Peale; a good collection of arrow heads, 
Indian axes, household implements, beads 
and garments; a scalp stretcher; and other 
Indian curios. Here too, and worthy of 
special examination, is an Indian deed for 
land signed in 1769 by representatives of the 
Six Nations, showing the totem signatures. 


In the rear of 145 South Second Street 
(2.0), and on the south side of the Keystone 
Telephone Building (which occupies the site 
of the famous Slate Roof House, the resi- 
dence of Penn on his second visit to Phila- 
delphia), is an open plot of ground, called 
Moravian Street, still celebrated as an In- 
dian reservation set aside by John Penn, 
grandson of William Penn, in 1755. 

Passing through Dock Street from Second 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m. 


Driving time about 5 hrs. This is a most attractive all-day trip. Two additional hours’ may be spent 
divided as follows: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 10 min.; Philadelphia Library Company, 10 min.; 
Reservations, 10 min.; old City Hall, 30 min.; Penn Treaty Park, 5 min.; Museum of Germantown Site and 
Relic Society, 15 min.; Museum, Bucks County Historical Society, 30 min.; Chief Tammany’s burial ground, 
5 min.; starting point of famous ‘Indian Walk,’’ Wrightstown, 5 min. Added time is required for dining 
at Doylestown. For full details see ‘Descriptive Itinerary.” 





Mileage 


0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, east side. Go east on Market St. 

Oreeei2th.ot- turn: nght. 

0.4 Locust St.; turn right. 

0.5 13th and Locust Sts., southwest corner, Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Stop. 
Continue on Locust St. 

0.5 Juniper and Locust Sts., Philadelphia Library Company. Stop. Walk north on Juniper 
St. to narrow Chancellor St., then left to open tract in rear of Ritz-Carlton. Continue 
left on Juniper St. 

0.6 Spruce St.; turn left. 

1235, tinot.: turn left. 

1.6 Chestnut and 5th Sts., southwest corner, old City Hall. Stop on 5th St. Indian Rights 
Association, Drexel Building, southeast corner, 5th and Chestnut Sts. Continue, 
turning right on Chestnut St. 

1.9 2nd St.; turn right. 

2.0 145 South 2nd St., Keystone Telephone Building; railed open tract (south side and 
rear), called Moravian St., is a reputed Indian reservation. 

2.0 Dock St.; turn diagonally left. 

2.2 Front and Dock Sts., northwest corner, successor and original site of Blue Anchor Inn. 

2.2 Delaware Ave.; turn left. 

3.5 Continue on Penn Boulevard (Delaware Avenue). 

3.8 Pass Shackamaxon St., on left. 

3.9 Bear right across Penn Boulevard into Beach St. 





PENN TREATY PARK MONOLITH TO THE LENNI LENAPE INDIANS 
Overshadowing the treaty elm at “Sachamexin,”’ where At Wrightstown, Pa., near the Quaker Meeting House, is 
Indian sachems were wont to gather, is the new plant of the this monument marking the starting point of the Indian 
Philadelphia Electric Company, “Walking Purchase. 


75 


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se UMOUY MOU ‘pusuaweT ‘T]TeH{ AUD PiO ‘wNasnyy JeuoTeN 2} FO sainseat} sy} JO dU St Surjured snowey sysoA\ UlWefusg 


«SNVIGNI HHL HLIM ALVAUL S.NNAd:, 

















Mileage 


4.0 


4.3 
4.5 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m. 


Beach and Columbia Ave., Penn Treaty Park. Stop. Turn left onto Columbia Ave., 
and immediately left on Penn Boulevard. 
Shackamaxon St.; turn right. 
East Girard Ave.; turn left. 
Germantown Ave.; turn right. Fork at 6.9; turn left. 
York Road; turn right. Note the small triangular park at the intersection of German- 
town Road and Rising Sun Avenue. 
Wingohocking St.; turn square left. 
Cross 18th St.; one block north, Stenton. 
Germantown Ave.; right. 
Market Square, Germantown. 
Vernon Park, Museum of Germantown Site and Relic Society. 
E. Haines St.; turn right. At 12.2 cross Stenton Ave. 
Bear right, keeping on Haines St. Cross Broad St. at 13.2. 
York Road; turn left. Fork at 14.9; bear left. 
Fork at Jenkintown; keep left. 
Willow Grove P. O. 
Fork; bear left onto Doylestown Pike. 
Horsham Meeting. 
Cross Neshaminy Creek. 
Cross stone bridge, turning immediately left. 
Pass into Main St., Doylestown. 
State St.; turn left. Fountain House, Ye Old Inn. Detour, after dining, to the Museum 
of the Bucks County Historical Society. Continue on State St. at 31.7. 
Fork; bear right on State Road to Chalfont. 
National Farm School, on left. 
Cross bridge. 
New Britain P. O. 
Cross R. R. at grade. 
Cross county bridge. 
Cross bridge over Neshaminy at Chalfont. 
At line fence, on the right of State Road, walk across field down hill about 100 yards 
to two trees near a winding streamlet, with a wooded ridge in background. Here is 
the ground where lies buried Tamenend, or St. Tammany, the great Indian chief. 
Reverse on State Road to 
Turn right onto road leading over Spruce Hill. 
Left on dirt roads. In bad weather, the return to Doylestown should be made by 
continuing at 37.1 direct to Doylestown over the State Road. 
Beautiful views on left. 
Cross bridge over creek. 
Cross R. R. at grade. 
State Road to Doylestown; turn right. 
Fountain House, Doylestown, on left. 
Triple-fork; turn right on Maple Ave. to Buckingham. 
Mechanics Valley P. O. 
Fork; turn right into Buckingham. 
Cross Old York Road; Gen. Greene Inn, on left; Buckingham P. O., on right. Jog 
right and then left onto road to Wrightstown. 
Cross R. R. at grade. 
Bear right; past Pineville P. O., on right. 
Anchor Hotel, on right. Jog right and then left. 
77 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m. 


to Front (2.1), we recall that in the days of 
William Penn this was a winding stream 
known as Dock Creek. Here Indians and 
Swedes came to greet Penn when he first 
arrived in the province and landed in 1682 
near the site of the original “Blue Anchor 
Inn,” the successor of which still stands at 
the northwest corner of Front and Dock 
Streets (2.4). The grandmother of Samuel 
Preston has told how Penn endeared himself 
to the Indians by walking with them, sitting 
with them on the ground, eating with them 
of their roasted acorns and hominy, and, 
when they began to show how they could 
hop and jump, by even springing up and 
beating them all at running. Penn was 
thirty-eight at this time and had been an 
athlete at Oxford. 

For convenience this trip is routed up 
Delaware Avenue to Shackamaxon Street. 
The journey up Front Street to Shacka- 
maxon Street in a modern automobile is a 
bit of rough riding, but is recommended as 
still showing numerous old streets and old 
houses full of reminders of the days of 
Penn and the Indians. 

“Shackamaxon” Street (3.8) not only pre- 
serves an old Indian name but it leads to 
the famous town or neighborhood in the 
present Kensington where in the earliest days 
the sachems or Indian chiefs were wont to 
gather. At a Swedish court held Novem- 
ber 12, 1678, Laurens Cock acknowledged a 
deed of conveyance of 300 acres of land 
lying “on the west side of Delaware River, 
at the towne or neighborhood called and 
known by the name of Sachamexin—the 
whole dividend or quantity of land being of 
late surveyed for the inhabitants of Sacha- 
mexin in general, and containing 1800 acres.” 
This conveyance shows the extent of the land 
wherein the celebrated Treaty-tree of Penn 
once stood. 

At Beach Street and Columbia Avenue, in 
Penn Treaty Park (4.0), we find a scion of 
the famous Treaty Elm and the crude treaty 
monument marking the spot where Penn and 
the Indians formed their “League of friend- 
ship.” Tamenend (Tamanen, Tamanee, St. 
Tammany), greatest of all the Indian chiefs, 
was the central figure in Penn’s treaty 


78 


with the Indians at Shackamaxon (See 
Route 2). 

Turning into Germantown Avenue (4.9), 
we recall that some of Watson’s aged con- 
temporaries “could well remember German- 
town street as being an Indian footpath, 
going through laurel bushes.” The annalist 
himself tells of the great quantity of Indian 
arrow heads, spears, and hatchets, still 
ploughed up in the fields in his day. “I 
have seen some in a heap of two hundred 
together, in a circle of the size of a bushel.” 

At the intersection of Germantown Road 
and Rising Sun Avenue (7.3) is a small 
triangular park, which helps to perpetuate 
the name of the ancient village formerly at 
this point, and to recall how Rising Sun was 
given its name by two of the earliest settlers 
whose friendliness with the Indians led to 
the gift of this land. 

Wingohocking Street (8.5) in name is an 
interesting survival of Indian days. One 
block north of this street, at Eighteenth 
Street, is Stenton (See Route 5), the home 
of James Logan, Penn’s secretary. . Here 
Logan entertained the Indians many times in 
large numbers. On one occasion when Chief 
Wingohocking, according to Indian fashion, 
offered to exchange names with him, Logan 
diplomatically passed the compliment on to 
Wingohocking Creek. Creek and Indians 
have disappeared, but the name of Wingo- 
hocking still lives on. 

Market Square, Germantown (10.2), has 
some notable associations with the Indians. 
Here took place a successful conference be- 
tween Benjamin Franklin, aided by other 
citizens, and the famous Paxton Boys, sev- 
eral hundred strong, who in their excitement 
against Indian depredators marched upon 
Philadelphia to do violence to the Indians 
there. A weather vane of the old church that 
stood in the market place is still preserved 
riddled with bullet holes made by the Pax- 
ton Boys for their own amusement. 

In Vernon Park (10.5), on the west side 
of Germantown Avenue, above Chelten Ave- 
nue, stands the old Wister mansion, now 
used as the historic Museum of the German- 
town Site and Relic Society, where may be 
seen the gaudy Indian carved in wood that 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m. 





BURIAL GROUND OF THE INDIAN CHIEF TAMENEND 


” 


The last resting place of “St. Tammany,” at Chalfont, five miles from Doylestown, has been rescued from 
oblivion by the Bucks County Historical Society. 
Mileage 


53.4 Monolith to the Lenni Lenape Indians, marking the starting point of the famous 
“Indian Walk,” adjoining Wrightstown Meeting House. 

56.6 Curve right. 57.0 Turn left into Newtown. 

57.1 State St., Newtown; turn right with trolley. 

57.4 Newtown P. O. 

57.9 Cross R. R. at grade. 

60.9 Pass into Pine St., Langhorne. 61.2 Maple Ave.; turn right. 

61.9 Fork; turn left for Lincoln Highway. 

63.8 Sharp S-turn over R. R. 

64.0 Turn left and immediately right onto Lincoln Highway. 

64.3 Cross bridge over Neshaminy Creek. 

66.5 Fork; keep right. At 66.7 cross bridge at City Limit. 

68.8 Fork; keep left on Lincoln Highway. 

71.2 Evergreen Farms Restaurant. 

71.7 Cross bridge over Pennypack Creek. 

75.4 Castor Circle. 79.2 Broad St.; turn left. 

83.8 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


79 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 6—Relics and Reminders of the Indians—83.8 m. 


once crowned the summit of Indian Rock, 
on the Wissahickon, about a mile beyond 
Valley Green. This curious carving is said 
to represent Tedyuscung, the notable Dela- 
ware chief, who was the last of the Indian 
chiefs to leave the shores of the Delaware. 
Bow and spear in hand, a plume of eagle 
feathers on his brow, he is stepping forth 
upon his journey toward the setting sun. 

Beyond Germantown the remainder of this 
trip is a long but fascinating cross-country 
drive, full of beauty and diversity of scen- 
ery, and unique in its reminders of the 
Indians. 

On the way through Willow Grove (19.6) 
to Doylestown (31.4) will be met sign-posts 
heralding Doylestown as the location of the 
grave of Tammany, the Lenape chief for 
whom the Tammany society of New York 
is named. But neither sign-posts nor printed 
guides point the way. It is wise to dine 
in Doylestown at the Fountain House 
(1748), and then spend half an hour (de- 
tour to South Pine Street, 0.4 mile), in the 
remarkable Museum of the Bucks County 
Historical Society. Here will be found a 
stone marked: “To the memory of the cele- 
brated Lenape Chieftain TAMENEND, once 
owner of this and all land between Ne- 
shaminy and Pennypack Creeks. These 
stones are placed at this spot near which an 
aged Indian called Tammany by the pioneers 
of Bucks County was buried by white men 
about the year 1750.” This stone has ap- 
parently been “rescued” from its original 
location. The burial ground of Tamenend, 
or St. Tammany, already mentioned as the 
greatest of the Indian chiefs who figured 
in Penn’s treaty with the Indians at Shack- 
amaxon, is five miles from Doylestown at 
Chalfont, on the State road leading to 
Norristown. 

Leaving Doylestown (31.7), by way of 
State Street, we cross the bridge’ over the 
Neshaminy at Chalfont (36.5). A third of 
a mile beyond the bridge (36.8), at a line 
fence, on the right of the State road, we 
stop and walk across the field down hill 
about 100 yards to two trees near a winding 


80 


streamlet, with a wooded ridge in the back- 
ground. Here is the burying ground of 
Tamenend (36.8). No stone marks the 
grave, for the exact site is unknown. But 
the place has been identified and preserved 
by the zeal of the intelligent officials of the 
Bucks County Historical Society. The spot 
is one of charm and beauty. 

Back through Doylestown (43.2), by way 
of Spruce Hill ridge with its beautiful 
cross-country views, we speed for ten miles 
on our way to Wrightstown (53.4). Here, 
adjoining the Friends’ Meeting House, set 
up by the Bucks County Historical Society, 
is the impressive brown monolith to the 
memory of the Lenni Lenape Indians (53.4), 
marking the starting point of the famous 
“Indian Walk.” <A tablet on the monolith 
says: “To the memory of the Lenni Lenape 
Indians, ancient owners of this region. 
These stones are placed at this spot, the 
starting point of the Indian Walk, Sept. 9, 
WAVE 

In the library of the American Philosoph- 
ical Society is a manuscript narrative written 
in 1756 by John Watson of Bucks County 
giving his version of this celebrated pur- 
chase of land from the Indians by means of 
the “Great Walk.” The Indians and many 
of their friends claimed they were cheated. 
Watson says: “The agents publicly adver- 
tised a fee of £5 for the greatest walker 
for one day, and procured Marshall, who 
ran over four times as much ground as the 
Indians expected.” Some claim that all the 
country northwest of Wrightstown Meet- 
ing House was taken from the Delawares 
without compensation. The matter was 
finally argued out in court. Even Nicholas 
Scull, surveyor general for the Penn family, 
was brought to the witness stand to testify 
that he was present when James Yeates and 
Edward Marshall, together with some In- 
dians, walked one and a half days back in 
the woods from Wrightstown; that they did 
not run, or go out of a walk, and in eighteen 
hours they made fifty-five miles. The 
“walking purchase” was long the cause of 
much bitterness on the part of the Indians. 


Route 7—In the Footsteps of Franklin 





“FRANKLIN IN 1723” 


R. Tait McKenzie’s spirited figure of the youthful Franklin, gift of the Class of ’04, University of Penn- 
sylvania, finds a beautiful background in the great educational institution that Franklin founded. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 7—In the Footsteps of Franklin—9.6 m. 


The outstanding feature of this short trip is its impressive demonstration of the lasting influence of the 
many-sided Franklin on the life and institutions of the city of his adoption. Only the relics and memorials in 
Philadelphia of this most notable of all Americans are stressed here, but these alone are of surpassing interest 


and importance. 


OST illustrious American and fore- 

most Philadelphian, Benjamin Frank- 
lin has left deep and many-sided impress on 
the life and institutions of the city of his 
adoption. For sixty-seven years a citizen 
of Philadelphia, for seventeen years a citi- 
zen of Boston, and for fourteen years a 
citizen of the United States, Franklin, it is 
startling to recall, was for seventy of the 
eighty-four years of his life a subject of four 
successive British monarchs. Nevertheless 
Franklin still figures foremost as an Amer- 
ican among Americans, for by his unfail- 
ing good humor, invincible integrity, en- 
during industry, insatiable ambition, and 
practical intelligence, he laid the foun- 
dations of the American mind and American 
character. 


Following in the footsteps of Franklin in 
Philadelphia takes one to many important 
and historic centers of interest in the life 
of the city. 


Entering first the Library of the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania (1.7), Thirty-fourth 
Street and Woodland Avenue, we find in 
the right hand corner of the inner reading 
hall relics of the peerless printer, whose in- 
spiration and efforts in behalf of higher edu- 
cation for the youth of the city ultimately 
resulted in the founding of the University 
of Pennsylvania itself. Opportunity should 
be taken for a careful examination (at an- 
other time) of the impressive “Curtis Collec- 
tion of Franklin Imprints,” as well as for a 
complete survey of the University. Time 
should be taken, however, to seek out in the 
two admirable glass-topped display cases the 
copy of Franklin’s Pennsylvania Gazette for 
October 31, 1765, with the black border, pro- 
testing against the Stamp Act; also his Pro- 
posals Relating to the Education of Youth in 
Pennsylvania, written, printed, and distrib- 
uted gratuitously by Franklin himself. In 
the Library will be found Franklin’s desk, 
cane, family account book, and many letters 


82 


and papers. In the outer hall of the Library 
may be seen on leaving a print of the old 
“Academy” at Fourth and Arch Streets, for- 
mally opened in 1751, in the building orig- 
inally put up in 1740 for the celebrated 
preacher George Whitefield. For this Acad- 
emy Franklin secured subscriptions amount- 
ing to five thousand pounds. 


On turning into Spruce Street from 
Thirty-fourth and immediately into Thirty- 
third, a glimpse is had of Franklin Field, 
arena for the exercise of genuine American 
spirit. Near the entrance to the Gymnasium 
stands Dr. R. Tait McKenzie’s masterly 
statue of “Franklin in 1723,” recalling the 
incident of his arrival in Philadelphia, told 
so charmingly in the “Autobiography”: “I 
have been the more particular in this descrip- 
tion of my journey, and shall be so of my 
first entry into that city, that you may in 
your mind compare such unlike beginnings 
with the figure I have since made there.” 

Crossing Broad Street at Spruce, to the 
left, on the east side, up Broad at Sansom 
Street, we see the sky-scraping North Amer- 
ican Building, where until recently was pub- 
lished the oldest daily newspaper in America, 
begun as a daily in 1784, but a lineal de- 
scendant of Franklin’s weekly Pennsylvania 
Gazette, first issued in 1728. On May 18, 
1925, the North American was merged with 
the Public Ledger. 

A visit to the Philadelphia Library Com- 
pany, Juniper and Locust Streets (3.9), the 
first public library in America, founded in 
1731, helps one to appreciate Philadelphia’s 
debt to the many-sided Franklin. We stop 
before the present building, erected in 1880, 
and scan Lazzarini’s statue of Franklin, 
high in a niche over the doorway, executed 
in Carrara marble, and presented to the 
Library Company by William Bingham in 
1792, conforming to Dr. Franklin’s ex- 
pressed desire for “a gown for his dress and 
a Roman head.” The time-worn stone re- 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 7—In the Footsteps of Franklin—9.6 m. 








Driving time about 1 hr. 30 min. Three crowded and interesting additional hours may be divided as 
follows: University of Pennsylvania (Library) 20 min.; Philadelphia Library Company and Historical Society 
of Pennsylvania, 20 min.; Pennsylvania Hospital, 30 min.; Philadelphia Contributionship, 15 min.; American 
Philosophical Society, 30 min.; Independence Hall, 10 min.; Franklin Printing Company, 10 min.; Franklin 
Institute, 20 min.; Carpenters’ Hall and Franklin Court (South Orianna Street) 10 min.; Betsy Ross House, 
10 min.; Franklin’s grave, 5 min. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.” 


Mileage 

0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, west side. Go west on Market St. 

1.5 34th St.; turn left. 

1.7 34thSt. below Woodland Ave., pathway entrance to Library, University of Pennsylvania. 
Stop. Continue on 34th St. to ; 

1.8 Spruce St:; turn left. 

1.9 33rdSt.;turn left. Franklin Field, on right. Also on right, near entrance to Gymnasium 
(2.0), McKenzie’s statue of ‘‘Franklin in 1723.”” Continue on 33rd St. to 





FRANKLIN’S LIBRARY 


The first public subscription library in America, the Philadelphia Library Company, founded by Franklin 
in 1731, preserves on its rear wall the quaint corner-stone of the building erected in 1787. 


83 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 7—In the Footsteps of Franklin—9.6 m. 





FRANKLIN’S 


ELECTRICAL MACHINE 


The original apparatus is now in possession of the Franklin 
Tnstitute. 


cording the gift of the statue may be seen 
in the hallway of the Library, on entrance. 
On the wall of the Library, on the right, 
is a replica of the Duplessis portrait of 
Franklin. To the right on entrance also is 
the electrical apparatus sent from London 
in 1746 by Peter Collinson, London agent 
for the Library Company, which was used 
by Franklin in experimenting on the nature 
of electricity. The corner-stone of the old 
building erected in Fifth Street below 
Chestnut in 1787, showing that the Library 
was founded at the direct instance of Frank- 
lin, may be seen built into the rear wall of 
the present building. 


84 


At the main entrance gate of the Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital (4.5), Eighth Street below 
Spruce, one stops to admire the serenity of 
this public institution of mercy, now also a 
monument to the public-spirited service of 
many generations of men and women, in- 
cluding especially Dr. Thomas Bond and 
Franklin. To the left on entrance, at the 
extreme corner of the old building, deep 
down the embankment, will be found the 
corner-stone with the curious inscription 
written by Franklin in 1754. In the chapel 
on the second floor may be seen an interest- 
ing autograph letter of Franklin, referring 
to the statue of William Penn now standing 
on the lawn on the Pine Street side. In 
walking the paths of this old institution, and 
crossing its halls and corridors, one literally 
follows in the footsteps of the indefatigable 
Franklin, who passed in and out here for 
some twenty years, acting as secretary to the 
Board of Trustees (See Route 17). 

Encircling the hospital, we continue on 
Spruce Street (4.8), to Fifth, to Locust, and 
thence to Fourth Street, noting on the way 
numerous specimens of colonial architecture. 
On Fourth Street below Walnut (5.2), No. 
212 South Fourth Street, are the present 
offices of The Philadelphia Contributionship 
for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by 
Fire, organized in 1752 and still in active 
business for the public good. This is the 
famous “Hand-in-Hand”’ fire insurance com- 
pany with which Franklin was identified as 
director from its foundation, and which grew 
out of one of his earliest practical and fer- 
tile suggestions. The most quickening his- 
toric relic in all Philadelphia is possessed by 
this company, a scroll of parchment, forty- 
four feet long, beginning with the articles 
of association or deed of settlement of the 
Contributionship, and containing the auto- 
graphs of 1774 members or directors of the 
company from its foundation until very re- 
cent years. The list is headed by Benjamin 
Franklin and includes names distinguished 
in the annals of every decade of Philadel- 
phia history since Franklin, as well as names 
showing ancestry to the days of Penn and 
the Swedes. See illustration in Route 26. 

On Fifth Street below Chestnut, on the 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 7—In the Footsteps of Franklin—9.6 m. 





THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY—FOUNDED BY FRANKLIN IN 1743 


Built on part of Independence Square in 1789, this world-wide celebrated institution possesses more than a 


+e thousand Franklin manuscripts and numerous relics of the great practical philosopher. 
ileage 


2.1 Walnut St.; turn right. 

2.8 22nd St.; turn right. 

2.9 Spruce St.; turn left. 

3.7. Pass Broad St.; North American Building, Broad and Sansom St. 

Soemeloth ote: turn left. 

3.9 Locust St.; turn left. Philadelphia Library Company, Locust and Juniper Sts. Stop. 

3.9 Juniper St.; turn left. 

4.0 Spruce St.; turn left. 

4.5 8th St.; turn right. Pennsylvania Hospital, main entrance, 8th below Spruce St. 

4.6 Pine St.; turn right. 

eer oe turn tieht. © 4.8) Spruce St.; turn right, 

Salaotheot.: turn left. 

5.2 Locust St. at 5th. Stop; walk to No. 212 South 4th 5t., The Philadelphia Contribution- 
ship for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire. Founded 1752. Continue on 
Sthiot: 

5.4 Library and 5th Sts., northeast corner, original site of the Philadelphia Library Company. 
See illustration in Route 17. Stop and visit 

5.4 American Philosophical Society, No. 104 South Sth St., below Chestnut, west side. 
Founded 1743. Walk to Independence Hall, Chestnut west of Sth St. 


85 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 7—In the Footsteps of Franklin—9.6 m. 


west side, on the edge of Independence 
Square (5.4), we come to perhaps the most 
widely celebrated of all Franklin’s cherished 
institutions, the American Philosophical So- 
ciety, founded in 1743, and established in its 
present building in 1789. Imagine the ven- 
erable Franklin, for the last twenty years of 
his life president of this society, standing in 
the doorway of its commodious new build- 
ing, proud of the fruitful outcome of his 
suggestion to the Junto far back in 1742, 
and conscious in a day of no radio, no wire- 
less, no telephone, no telegraph, no railroad, 
no steamship, no airplane, that by this or- 
ganization he had conquered space, if not 
time, and had brought into ready contact 
for mutual benefit the minds of all the cele- 
brated scientists, philosophers, and inventors 
of Europe and America. In the hallway on 
the second floor are several modern memen- 
tos of Franklin, including two attractive 
bronze tablets, the gift of Mr. John H. Harjes, 
the Paris banker. Friends of Albert Henry 
Smyth, distinguished Philadelphian, eloquent 
interpreter and expounder of English liter- 
ature, Shakespearean scholar, editor of the 
definitive edition of Franklin’s writings, and 
orator by presidential appointment at the 
French celebration of the two hundredth an- 
niversary of Franklin’s birth, will recognize 
him with pleasure in the background of the 
photograph of the Franklin statue at Passy 
in Paris. The library of the Society pos- 
sesses more than a thousand Franklin manu- 
scripts. The Society also treasures Frank- 
lin’s original models for the “Pennsylvania 
Fireplace,” the original machine for experi- 
menting with electricity, Franklin’s arm- 
chair, with its ingenious seat convertible into 
steps for his bookcases, and the bust used 
by the United States Government for the 
Franklin portrait on the penny postage 
stamp. 

Walking left on Chestnut Street to Phila- 
delphia’s most revered historic memorial, the 
State House, first built in 1732, remember 
that almost the whole of Franklin’s life was 
bound up with this building, as he pursued 
the affairs of city or state or nation. In 
Independence Chamber single out the table 
on which the Declaration of Independence 


86 


was signed. It was while standing by this 
table that Franklin, after signing, said to 
John Hancock: “We must indeed hang to- 
gether, or most assuredly we shall all hang 
separately.” Nearby, used by Washington 
as President of the Federal Convention that 
met in this chamber in 1787 and framed the 
Constitution of the United States, is the cele- 
brated high colonial chair, with its carved 
and gilded image of an uncertain sun half 
in the sea, that led Franklin to say, as the 
last members were signing the Constitution, 
“Now at length I have the happiness to 
know it is a rising not a setting sun.” 

Continuing on Fifth Street above Chest- 
nut, in a short walk to No. 518 Ludlow 
Street, we come to the modern plant of the 
Franklin Printing Company (5.4), the busi- 
ness of which began with Benjamin Frank- 
lin in 1728, and has been continuous ever 
since. For full details of the succession of 
firms, see Route 26. One of the firms in 
this memorable line, Messrs. Atkinson and 
Anderson, on the venerable foundation of 
Franklin’s Pennsylvania Gazette, began the 
publication of the Saturday Evening Post, the 
first issue of which was August 4, 1821. 
“The Post,’ after various vicissitudes, was 
bought in 1898 by the Curtis Publishing 
Company. 

Proceeding to Market Street, we pass at 
Nos. 528-30 Market Street (tablet, second 
floor front) the site of the Robert Morris 
Mansion (5.6), occupied by Washington 
during the whole period of his presidency 
in Philadelphia (See Route 8). It was Wash- 
ington who laid the foundation for Frank- 
lin’s greatest epitaph when he wrote: “If 
to be venerated for benevolence, if to be ad- 
mired for talents, if to be esteemed for 
patriotism, if to be beloved for philanthropy, 
can gratify the human mind, you must know 
that you have not lived in vain.” 

At Seventh and Market Streets (5.7), 
southwest corner, now a bank (tablet on 
Market Street side) is the site of the house 
in which Jefferson drafted the Declaration 
of Independence, aided by Franklin, who was 
a member of the committee of five to which 
that great work was intrusted. 

Turning from Tenth Street into Chestnut, 





SIGNERS’ CHAIR AND TABLE, INDEPENDENCE HALL 


Standing by this table, Franklin, as he signed, said: “We must indeed hang together, or most assuredly 
we shall all hang separately.” 





FRANKLIN AT SIXTY-ONE AT WORK ON THE DECLARATION 
A copy of David Martin’s “Thumb Portrait” of the An old engraving shows Franklin and the rest of the 
philosopher hangs in Independence Hall. Committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence— 


Jefferson, Adams, Livingston, and Sherman. 


87 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 7—In the Footsteps of Franklin—9.6 m. 


to the left, fronting the Post Office, at Chest- 
nut Street and Ninth, we come upon the 
satisfying statue of Franklin by Boyle (6.2), 
reminding us of Postmaster-General Frank- 
lin, who so improved the mail service that 
answers to letters sent from Philadelphia to 
Boston could be received in three weeks in- 
stead of six, and who created a new era in 
1754 by starting mail to New York on Mon- 
days, Wednesdays, and Fridays. Recon- 
structing Franklin from his advertisements 
for stolen wardrobes, an old annalist asks us 
to picture him alive at the present day, walk- 
ing down Chestnut Street with his wife: 
“They would probably excite some atten- 
tion; he with his bushy and curly wig, huge 
spectacles, red flapped waistcoat, frilled 
bosom and sleeves, repaired breeches, coming 
to the knee, and finished off with hght blue 


BOYLE’S STATUE OF FRANKLIN 


On the Chestnut Street side of the Post Office is found this 
gift of Justus C. Strawbridge, unveiled in 1899. 





stockings and large buckled shoes; and his 
wife with her flat gipsy bonnet, enormous 
hoops, short petticoat, and gown glorious 
with red roses and yellow and blue flowers, 
the whole surmounted by a scarlet cloak 
with double cape.” They would doubtless 
create a sensation in the new Benjamin 


Franklin Hotel. 


Turning from Chestnut north into 
Seventh, midway on the right, we reach the 
Franklin Institute (6.4), not founded until 
1825, but a notable memorial to the scien- 
tific Franklin. In the entrance hall is an 
attractive bronze tablet erected in 1917 by 
the stove manufacturing industry of the 
United States, commemorative of Franklin’s 
invention of the Pennsylvania “Fireplace” 
in 1742. Opposite is a bust of Franklin, 
resting on a memorial vase, the base of 
which stresses for ambitious present-day 
students of the Institute, Franklin the “Poor 
Boy, Laboring at the Soap and Candle Busi- 
ness in the City of Boston.” In the lecture 
room on the first floor, entered through the 
library on the second floor, may be seen the 
electrical machine used by Franklin in his 
experiments to show the identity of lightning 
and electricity. Ina glass case in the library 
is also the dress sword which Franklin wore 
while at the court of France, presented by 
one of his descendants, R. Meade Bache. 
There is also an odometer, forerunner of the 
present instruments, used by Franklin on 
his carriage when traveling. 

Down Sixth Street at Walnut (6.7), facing 
Independence Square, stands the great Curtis 
Building, home of the Saturday Evening 
Post, bought by the Curtis Publishing Com- 
pany in 1898, but begun in 1821, in succession 
to Franklin’s Pennsylvania Gazette, founded 
in 1728. The new Public Ledger Building 
at Chestnut Street and Sixth, complementing 
the Curtis structure, has now become the 
home of the North American, the oldest 
daily newspaper in America, a Franklin 
foundation, recently merged with the Public 
Ledger. 

On the south side of Chestnut Street, be- 
tween Fourth and Third Streets, set deep 
in the rear, is seen Carpenters’ Hall (7.2), 
meeting place of the first Continental Con- 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 7—In the Footsteps of Franklin—9.6 m. 





FRANKLIN INSTITUTE—-BUILT IN 1825 


In this famous institution for the promotion of the mechanic arts are numerous relics of Franklin. 
Mileage 
5.4 Continue on 5th St. Stop and walk to No. 518 Ludlow St., Franklin Printing Company 
founded by Franklin in 1728. 
5.6 Market St.; turn left. Pass at Nos. 528-30 Market St. the site of Washington’s presi- 
dential mansion (1790-97). 
5.7. 7th and Market Sts., southwest corner, site of house in which Jefferson, aided by 
Franklin, drafted the Declaration of Independence. Tablet. 
6.0 10th St.; turn left. 
6.1 Chestnut St.; turn left. 
6.2 Boyle’s Statue of Franklin, fronting Philadelphia Post-office, Chestnut and 9th Sts. 
6.3 7th St.; turn left. 
6.4 No. 15 South 7th St., Franklin Institute. Founded 1825. Stop. 
6.4 Market St.; turn right. 
Cer Oieou tur right. 
6.6 Chestnut and 6th Sts., new building of the Public Ledger and North American. 
6.7 Curtis Building, northwest corner 6th and Walnut Sts.; home of Saturday Evening Post. 
6.7. Walnut St.; turn right. 
6.8 7th St.; turn right. 
6.9 Chestnut St.; turn right. 
7.2 No. 320 Chestnut St., Carpenters’ Hall. 


89 








FRANKLIN COURT—ORIGINAL DRAWING BY FRANK H. TAYLOR 


Opposite Carpenters’ Hall is the little thoroughfare now called South Orianna Street where stood 
the house in which Franklin died in 1790. In this narrow by-way James Gordon Bennett began his career 
as a newspaper publisher; here Woodrow Wilson’s grandfather was a printer; and here Franklin finished 
the immortal Autobiography. 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 7—In the Footsteps of Franklin—9.6 m. 





FRANKLIN’S GRAVE 


In Christ Church graveyard at Fifth and Arch Streets he lies—“venerated for benevolence, admired for 
talents, esteemed for patriotism, beloved for philanthropy.” 
Mileage 


7.2 South Orianna St. (opposite Carpenters’ Hall), formerly known as Franklin Court; 
turn left on this narrow street. At Market Street end, site of Franklin’s home (1765- 
1790). 

7.3 Market St.; turn right. 

7.6 Market and Front Sts. 

7.6 Delaware Ave.; turn right and reverse on Delaware Ave. 

7.9 Arch St. at Delaware Ave.; turn left. 

8.1 No. 239 Arch St., Betsy Ross House. 

Sleworceot., tum right: 

8.3 Race St.; turn right. 

8.4 2nd St.; turn right. Race and 2nd St., southeast corner, site of Franklin’s home, 1752. 

Sowsoren ot,; turn tight: 

8.7. 4th and Arch Sts.; stop; walk south to No. 62 North 4th St. (second courtway), original 
site of Philadelphia Academy and College, afterwards University of Pennsylvania. 
Tablet. Continue on Arch St. to 

8.8 5th and Arch Sts., southeast corner, Franklin’s grave. Stop. 

8.9 6th St.; turn left. 

9.0 Market St.; turn right. 

9.6 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


91 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 7—In the Footsteps of Franklin—9.6 m. 


gress, of which Franklin was a member. 
Directly opposite Carpenters’ Hall, we 
turn into South Orianna Street (7.2), for- 
merly Franklin Court, and at the end at 
Market Street, come upon the site of the 
house in which Franklin lived at the time 
of his death in 1790. The house stood on 
the west side, at the end of the court, which 
until recent years extended only midway be- 
tween Market and Chestnut. The court was 
entered through an archway on Market 
Street, still standing picturesquely at the 
end of the street. Some old houses still 
stand on the east side. Mrs. Franklin has 
left a minute description of her house and 
its furnishings, written in 1765 to Frank- 
lin, then in Europe. In his closing years 
Franklin was carried to the State House in 
a sedan chair and spent as much as five hours 
daily there attending to public business. On 
this now neglected spot Franklin wrote, pri- 
marily for his son’s benefit, the final draft 
of the immortal Autobiography. <A vivid de- 
scription of Franklin's house and its sur- 
roundings is found in the Diary of Manasseh 
Cutler, of Hamilton, Massachusetts, who 
visited Franklin here July 13, 1787, and found 
him in his garden upon a grassplot, under a 
very large mulberry-tree, surrounded by gen- 
tlemen and lady guests, for whom his daugh- 
ter, Mrs. Bache, spread a tea-table under a 
tree, while three of her children gathered 
about her, showing ‘excessive fondness for 
their grandpapa. The artist Bacon’s “Frank- 
lin at Home”’ is a vivid reproduction of this 
scene. See illustration in Route 25. 
Emerging through the archway into 
Market Street (7.3), we recall that on the 
north side of Market near Fourth (No. 141 
High Street) stood the house of Deborah 
Reed, Franklin’s bride-to-be, who stood in 
the doorway that memorable Sunday morn- 
ing in 1723 and laughed heartily at the un- 
couth Franklin as, with stuffed pockets, he 
walked up High Street, eating his penny roll. 
On Market Street, in going to Front, we 
pass the region where Franklin’s printing 
shop was first established (532 High Street), 
and whence for twenty-five years was issued 
Poor Richard’s Almanac. At Delaware Ave- 
nue and Market Street Franklin landed from 


92 


his boat, when he came from Burlington. 

Turning into Arch Street (7.9), we pass 
the Betsy Ross House (8.1), No. 239 Arch 
Street. The Congress of the United States 
assembled in Independence Hall, June 14th, 
1777, adopted the resolution which estab- 
lished “the Stars and Stripes.” Franklin’s 
visit to Washington at Cambridge, Massa- 
chusetts, in 1775, as a member of a com- 
mittee from Congress, resulted in the adop- 
tion of an earlier flag, Washington’s “Grand 
Union Flag,” with its thirteen stripes of 
alternate red and white. 

At Race and Second Streets (8.4), on the 
southeast corner, Franklin dwelt in the year 
1752. From this corner Franklin started 
with his kite one stormy evening in June, 
1752, to make his ever memorable experi- 
ment to prove that the electric flash and 
lightning are the same. 

At Fourth and Arch Streets (8.7), stop 
and walk south on Fourth Street to the 
second courtway, the site of the Charity 
School and the Academy founded by Frank- 
lin’s efforts, out of which grew the College 
of Philadelphia and ultimately the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania. Here, too, Whitefield 
preached so eloquently as to draw all the 
money out of the thrifty Franklin’s pocket. 

At Fifth and Arch Streets (8.8), in Christ 
Church burial ground, is the grave of Ben- 
jamin Franklin. Twenty thousand persons 
followed the body to its burial. The tablets 
tell fully and faithfully the long and eventful 
story of his beneficent life. For his epitaph 
written by himself when he was twenty-two, 
see Route 25. Here is a good place to re- 
member that Franklin once said, “I look 
upon all the griefs and sufferings of the 
world but as the momentary pricking of a 
pin in comparison with the total happiness 
of our existence.” 





FRANKLIN'S OWN COMPOSING STICK 


Route 8—George Washington in Philadelphia 





THE “LANSDOWNE” WASHINGTON 


Gilbert Stuart painted this celebrated portrait of Washington frcm life in a studio on the site of the Drexel 
Building, Fifth and Chestnut Streets. It is now in possession of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 8—George Washington in Philadelphia—35.0 m. 


For scenic variety and historic preéminence this trip is supreme. There is not an important street in 
old Philadelphia, nor a single one of its great highroads, that is not associated in some striking way with the 


everyday doings or the great deeds of the immortal Washington. 


historic corner of old Philadelphia. 


HE associations of George Washington 

with the birthplace of the nation are 
part of the national inheritance. Here are 
the great historic shrines indelibly associated 
with the great soldier and statesman, and 
here are numerous historic houses, personal 
relics, and other reminders of the eventful 
years he spent in the old homestead of the 
nation. 

Passing through the courtyard of the City 
Hall one carries away a pleasing and haunt- 
ing glimpse of the venerable Washington 
with back now turned to the maddening 
crowd. Gift of the public school children of 
the city, the “mellowed” marble statue of 
Washington (0.0) visible in the alcove on 
the second floor of the north central tower 
once stood in front of Independence Hall 
but was rescued a few years ago from the 
destroying effects of time and the elements. 

Crossing the street to the Masonic Temple 
(0.0), Broad Street and North Penn Square, 
northeast corner, in an alcove of the Museum, 
we may see an unusual picture of Washing- 
ton, the realistic “hard countenanced” por- 
trait by William Williams, painted in Phila- 
delphia in 1794 for the Masons of Virginia, 
full of reminders of the pitted face, the 
scarred cheek, the disfiguring moles, and re- 
vealing outside the bepowdered wig a tuft 
of red hair, ‘‘on the ‘off-side’ of the head,” 
as the good-humored usher will tell you. The 
Masonic Museum contains other relics of 
Washington, who was signally honored by 
the Masons when he was in Philadelphia in 
Revolutionary and in _ presidential days. 
Among them is the elaborate Masonic apron 
worn by the first President. 

At the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 
Locust and Thirteenth Streets (0.5), a bust 
of Washington is conspicuous immediately 
on entrance. Here we find a good Stuart 
replica of the Athenaeum Washington, and 
an early Washington by Charles Willson 
Peale. Nearby is a portrait of Martha 


94 


This trip takes one to every important 


Washington by Rembrandt Peale. In the 
Museum on the second floor is Washington’s 
desk, dignified and massive. Here are the 
dining-room chairs used in the presiden- 
tial home on Market Street below Sixth; 
also a brocaded chair used by Mrs. Wash- 
ington at her famous levées and by Wash- 
ington at his receptions. 


At the Philadelphia Library Company, 
Locust and Juniper Streets (0.5), in a case 
at the right, on entrance, is treasured a 
lock of Washington’s hair, taken in 1787 by 
Martin Piarris, Washington’s Philadelphia 
barber, who boasted that he was the only 
man who ever held Washington by the nose! 
Here, too, is Washington’s book-plate. 


Turning into Chestnut Street (0.6), we 
come to the street most indelibly identified 
with Washington’s eventful life. On Chest- 
nut Street below Sixth, in Independence 
Hall (1.2), now the most famous historical 
building in America, in the east room on 
entrance, Washington’s name was first pro- 
posed as commander-in-chief of the Conti- 
nental forces; here he was made General 
George Washington; here he signed the Dec- 
laration of Independence; here, later, he pre- 
sided over the convention that framed the 
Constitution of the United States. In Inde- 
pendence Chamber is the plain mahogany 
table (See Route 7) upon which the Dec- 
laration was signed; also the colonial chair 
in which Hancock sat when he issued Wash- 
ington’s commission as commander-in-chief, 
and in which Washington sat as president of 
the Constitutional Convention in 1787. 

Walking west on Chestnut Street to Con- 
gress Hall, at Sixth Street, southeast cor- 
ner (1.2), where the United States Congress 
met for ten years from 1790 to 1800, we cross 
the threshold Washington often crossed. 
Coming and going as President of the United 
States, sometimes he drove up in an elegant 
white coach, drawn by six superb white 
horses, and emerging in a full suit of the 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 8—George Washington in Philadelphia—35.0 m. 


Driving time about 3 hrs. 30 min. To see and enjoy even briefly the numerous relics and places asso- 
ciated with Washington requires all of four hours. A whole day therefore may be devoted enjoyably to this 
trip, or it may be covered on two separate occasions. Admission to Masonic Temple is at set hours, which 
should be ascertained beforehand, and a full hour should be allowed for the inspection. Three other hours 
may be divided: Historical Society of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia Library Company, 30 min.; Independ- 
ence Hall and Congress Hall, 35 min.; Carpenters’ Hall, 10 min.; Christ Church, 10 min.; St. Peter’s Church, 
10 min.; Betsy Ross House, 10 min.; Academy of Fine Arts, 5 min.; Stenton, 20 min.; Germantown, including 
Lower Burial Ground, 20 min.; Belmont Mansion, 10 min.; Betsy Ross grave, 5 min.; Bartram’s Garden, 
15 min.; Washington Monument, 5 min. For full details see ‘“‘Descriptive Itinerary.”’ 


Mileage 

0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall; north side. Stop. Statue of Washington, visible at 
north side of court-yard. Visit Masonic Temple, northeast corner of Broad St. and 
North Penn Square. Encircle City Hall and go south on Broad St. 

0.3 Spruce St.; turn left. 

0.4 13th St.; turn left. 

0.5 Locust and 13th Sts., southwest corner, Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Stop. 
Walk to Philadelphia Library Company, Locust and Juniper Sts. Continue on 13th St. 

0.6 Chestnut St.; turn right. 

1.2 INDEPENDENCE HALL, Chestnut St. between 5th and 6th Sts. Stop. Walk to 
Congress Hall, 6th and Chestnut Sts., southeast corner. Continue on Chestnut St. 

1.3. 5th and Chestnut Sts., southeast corner, Drexel Building. Tablet. 

1.4 CARPENTERS’ HALL, Chestnut St. between 3rd and 4th Sts., south side. Stop. 

1.6 Front St.; turn left. 





SCENE OF WASHINGTON’S “FAREWELL ADDRESS” 


In Congress Hall, Sixth and Chestnut Streets, December 7, 1796, standing near the second window on the 
right, Washington read the most famous of all his documents. 


95 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 8—George Washington in Philadelphia—35.0 m. 


WASHINGTON’S DESK 


One of numerous relics of Washington at the Historical 

Society of Pennsylvania. 
richest black velvet, with powdered hair, 
knee-buckled breeches, black silk stockings, 
hat in hand and sword by side, he looked, 
as an eyewitness said, “altogether the most 
august human figure I had then or have 
since beheld.” 

In the room on the first floor of Con- 
gress Hall, where the House of Representa- 
tives met and put into operation the 
Constitution of the United States, on De- 
cember 7, 1796, Washington read his “Fare- 
well Address,” declared to be the most 
influential piece of political advice in the his- 
tory of the country. In the Senate chamber, 
on the second floor, Washington took the 
oath of office a second time as President of 
the United States. 

A few blocks down Chestnut Street, be- 
tween Third and Fourth, on the south side, 
half-hidden in a narrow courtway, pictur- 
esque in its retirement, stands Carpenters’ 
Hall (1.4), built in 1770, sacred memorial to 
the first Continental Congress. Here came 
George Washington, in “the days that tried 
men’s souls,” a handsome young colonial 
officer in military uniform, riding all the way 
from Virginia on horseback, and destined 
for solid information and sound judgment 
to win his spurs in the most illustrious body 
of patriots ever assembled. 

On Front Street (1.6), as we turn into it 





96 


from Chestnut, we have only the eye of the 
imagination to help. But down Front Street 
to Chestnut Washington once marched the 
heroic Continental Army that finally gained 
undying fame for its sufferings at Valley 
Forge. An old chronicler praised them for 
their fine appearance and their order of 
marching, but the critical John Adams 
said,—“They have not yet the air of sol- 
diers, they do not keep step, do not hold up 
their heads quite erect, nor turn their toes so 
exactly as they ought; nor do all of them 
cock their hats; and such as do, don’t all 
wear them the same way.’ Lafayette, 
though he thought these “eleven thousand 
men, but tolerably armed, and still worse 
clad, presented a singular spectacle,” never- 
theless said,—“With all this they were 
eood-looking soldiers conducted by zealous 
officers.” 

Crossing Market Street at Front (1.7), we 
are reminded that here, at the southeast 
corner, Washington was in the habit of 
walking every day at twelve o'clock, in 
presidential days, to set his watch at Clark’s 
standard, all the porters taking off their hats 
and standing uncovered until he turned and 
started back again to his home at Sixth and 
Market Streets. 

On Second Street above Market, Wash- 
ington, while President of the United States, 
with Mrs. Washington and his secretaries, 
for years habitually attended Christ Church 
(2.1). Washington’s pew is carefully marked 
and preserved. The old doorway through 
which he entered has been closed for some 
years, but the artistic iron gate of Christ 
Church is an eloquent reminder of the times 
when Washington arrived and departed in 
a great dazzling cream-colored coach, which 
never failed to draw an eager crowd to see 
him emerge, “noble in height and command- 
ing in air, and enveloped in a rich blue 
Spanish cloak faced with red silk velvet and 
thrown over the left shoulder.” 

On Third Street, at the southwest corner 
of Pine (2.7), Washington attended dili- 
gently the “parish church,” because it stood 
near his temporary home when he was here 
on business with Congress. Washington’s 
pew in old St. Peter’s Church, No. 41, still 


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DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 8—George Washington in Philadelphia—35.0 m. 


WASHINGTON’S PEW IN CHRIST CHURCH 


attracts many visitors. Farther up Third 
Street, in the block from Spruce to Walnut, 
made famous by the Willing family and the 
Binghams, where Washington, as his diary 
tells us, “dined and drank tea at Mr. Bing- 
ham’s in great splendor,” still stands at No. 
244 South Third Street (2.9), venerable but 
unvenerated, the Powel Mansion, home of 
the hospitable Samuel Powel, last Mayor of 
Philadelphia under the proprietary charter, 
and first Mayor of Philadelphia under the 
new United States. Here Washington was 
a frequent and welcome visitor, and during 
the Constitutional Convention often “dined,” 
and “drank tea’ and, tradition says, 
“danced.” Near Third Street, at No. 239 
Arch Street, stands the quaint old Betsy Ross 
House (3.3), the “birthplace of Old Glory,” 
where tradition likes to say Washington 
came, as a member of the committee ap- 
pointed by Congress, and arranged with 
Betsy Ross the design of the American flag. 

On Fourth Street, below Arch, west side 
(3.5), in the second courtway, is the site, 
marked by a tablet on the north wall, of 
the Philadelphia Academy and College, 
afterwards the University of Pennsylvania, 





98 


to which Washington sent his adopted son 
young Custis. Farther up Fourth Street, 
just above Arch, at the southeast corner of 
Fourth and Cherry (3.4), is the site of the 
old Zion Lutheran Church (See Route 4), 
ever memorable as the place where General 
“Light-Horse Harry” Lee, Washington’s in- 
timate friend, pronounced before Congress 
and a crowded assembly Washington’s 
funeral oration (December 26, 1799), in 
which Washington was first proclaimed— 
“first in war, first in peace, and first in the 
hearts of his countrymen.” 

On Fifth Street at Chestnut, in a house 
once standing on the southeast corner (1.3) 
(See tablet on the Drexel Building), Wash- 
ington sat for Gilbert Stuart, while that great 
artist added to the lustre of his fame by 
painting the full-length portrait of Wash- 
ington as President, familiarly known as the 
“Lansdowne Washington.” It was executed 
at the request of Mrs. Bingham for presenta- 
tion to the Marquis of Lansdowne, a great 
admirer of Washington. The “Lansdowne 
Washington,” now at the Academy of Fine 
Arts, Broad and Cherry Streets, is believed 
to be the original portrait, and the one now 
in England a copy. 

Near Sixth Street, on Market, in the at- 
tractive Morris Mansion, once on the site of 
the present Nos. 528-30 Market Street (3.7), 
Washington lived with his family through- 
out the presidential years 1790-1797. Here 
was the scene of troublesome and exciting 
public events in the life of Washington, and 
of charming private experiences in the life 
of the first presidéntial family. In Watson’s 
Annals is a vivid description of Mrs. Wash- 
ington’s levées and of the President’s recep- 
tions. Here took place the exciting Genet 
incident, and the dramatic interview with 
General St Clam. 

Returning to the City Hall and starting 
afresh at this point, we traverse next some 
of the great highroads of Philadelphia, no- 
table for associations with Washington. 
Over some of these roads Washington 
marched his soldiers to victory or defeat; 
over some he drove in days of peace, a fa- 
miliar figure for years; over some he gal- 
loped for business or for recreation, and 





MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 8—George Washington in Philadelphia—35.0 m. 


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INTERIOR OF CARPENTERS’ HALL 


Here Washington came in 1774 to attend the First Continental Congress, where by his sound judgment and 


Mileage 
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2.0 
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2.6 

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3.3 


3.4 


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solid information he won his spurs in the most illustrious body of patriots ever assembled. 


Cross Market St. at Front. 

Areinoo. turn left. 

2nd St.; turn left. 

Christ Church, 2nd above Market, west side. Stop. Continue on 2nd St. 

Pine St.; turn right. 

3rd St.; turn right. Old St. Peter’s Church, 3rd and Pine Sts., southwest corner. Stop. 
Continue on 3rd St. 

No. 244 South 3rd St., Powel Mansion. 

Arch and 3rd Sts.; turn left. Stop and walk back to the Betsy Ross House, “birthplace 
of Old Glory,” No. 239 Arch St. . 

Ath St.; turn left. Stop and walk north on 4th St. to 4th and Cherry Sts., southeast 
corner, site of old Zion Lutheran Church, where Washington was first proclaimed— 
“First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.” Return to 

4th St., south of Arch, second courtway, west side, site of Philadelphia Academy and 
College, afterwards the University of Pennsylvania. Tablet. 

Market St.; turn right. 

Cross Fifth St. 

Nos. 528-30 Market St., site of the ‘‘ Morris Mansion,’”’ Washington’s presidential home, 
1790-1797. Tablet. ; 

Turn right around City Hall, and right again onto Broad St. 

Academy of Fine Arts, Broad and Cherry Sts. Stop. Continue on Broad St. 


99 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 8—George Washington in Philadelphia—35.0 m. 


OLD ZION LUTHERAN CHURCH, DECEMBER 26, 1799 
At Fourth and Cherry Streets stood the church in which 


“Light-horse Harry”? Lee proclaimed Washington—‘‘Firs* in 
war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen. 


sometimes to enjoy the hospitality of open- 
handed and warm-hearted friendship. 

At the Academy of Fine Arts (4.5), Broad 
and Cherry Streets, stop to see the “Lans- 
downe Washington,” painted at Fifth and 
Chestnut Streets by Gilbert Stuart. 

Proceeding north on Broad Street, we first 
cross Germantown Road (8.4), associated 
with Washington in days of war and in days 
of peace. At Hunting Park Avenue we turn 
for a short distance into Old York Road 
(9.1), over which Washington passed with 
Lafayette in 1777, encamping at Nicetown. 

By way of Courtland Street (9.5) we 
reach Stenton (9.9), colonial home of James 
Logan, William Penn’s secretary (See Route 
5). Here was Washington’s headquarters 
when his army was encamped at Nicetown. 

Turning into Germantown Avenue (10.5), 
we recall that this was the highroad on 
which Washington fought the Battle of 


100 





Germantown; that here he made undying 
fame for a great artist; and that here he 
penned the most unique “business  cor- 
respondence”’ in literary history. 

It is not the intention to point out all the 
houses or places on Germantown Avenue 
(Main Street) associated with the Battle of 
Germantown, nor to describe the incidents 
of that battle, which took place October 4, 
1777. \Nashington and his staff, following 
the main army, marched by the main road 
down through Chestnut Hill to the vicinity 
of the Billmeyer House, where a council of 
war was held, with the result that the 
famous attack on the Chew House was 
ordered. 

At the northeast corner of East Logan 
and Main Streets (10.9), we pass the Lower 
Germantown Burial Ground (See Route 3), 
where he buried General Agnew and Colonel 
Bird, British officers, killed at the Battle of 
Germantown. The stone over the graves 
was erected by Watson, the annalist. 

At No. 5140 Main Street (11.2), in an old 
barn studio, once standing in the rear, Gil- 
bert Stuart painted from life his most famous 
portrait of Washington, known today as the 
“Athenaeum portrait.” Irom 1796 to 1800 
Stuart lived in the house standing here. 





ale BF 


wale 
PATHWAY TO NO. 5140 MAIN STREET, GERMANTOWN 


Here Gilbert Stuart painted the Athenaeum portrait of 
Washington. 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 8—George Washington in Philadelphia—35.0 m. 





WASHINGTON'S PRESIDENTIAL MANSION 


At Nos. 528-30 Market Street there stood until 1833 Robert Morris’ stately home, occupied by Washington 
from 1790 to 1797. It is shown at the left. At the right is the house to which Morris removed. 


Mileage 
8.4 Cross Germantown Road. 
9.0 Hunting Park Ave.; turn right. 
9.1 Old York Road; turn left. 
9.5 Courtland St.; turn left. 
9.9 18th St.; turn right, and immediately right into Stentoa. Stop. Reverse on 18th St. to 

10.1 Courtland St.; turn right. 

10.3 20th St.; turn left, and immediately right onto Wingohocking St.; and immediately 
right onto 

10.5 Germantown Road (Main St.) 

10.9 Lower Germantown Burial Ground, East Logan and Main Sts. Graves of officers 
killed at Battle of Germantown. 

11.2. No. 5140 Main St., left side; house occupied by Gilbert Stuart (1796-1800); in an old 
barn studio, once standing in the rear, Stuart painted the famous so-called Athenaeum 
portrait of Washington. 

11.2. No. 5219 Main St., Bringhurst House. 

11.5 No. 5442 Main St., the ‘‘ Morris-Perot House,’’ Washington’s residence in German- 
town, 1793 and 1794. 

12.3 No. 6239 Main St., the Washington Tavern. 

12.3. Nos. 6306 and 6316 Main St., the Johnson Houses. 

12.5 The Chew House (‘‘Cliveden’’), Main St., between Johnson St. and Cliveden Ave. 
(Best view on Johnson St.; encircle the house for complete view). 

12.7. Billmeyer House, Main and Upsal Sts., northeast corner. Tablet in steps. 

12.7 Upsal St.; turn left. 

13.2 Green St.; right under RR. and immediately left on W. Upsal St. 

13.4 Lincoln Drive; turn left. 


101 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 8—George Washington in Philadelphia—35.0 m. 


At No. 5219 Main Street (11.2) lived 
from 1775 until 1795 John Bringhurst, coach- 
maker, who in 1780 built for Washington a 
famous “chariot” that cost £210 in gold, and 
that was conspicuous for Washington’s 
“arms and crest properly displayed.” 

At No. 5442 Main Street (11.5) is the 
beautiful Morris House, where Washington 
took refuge during the yellow fever epidemic 
in Philadelphia. This house he used also as 
a summer residence, removing there in 
August, 1794, “in order (as he says) to avoid 
the heat of the city of Philadelphia.” From 
this house, August 7, 1794, he issued his 
proclamation against the Whiskey Insurrec- 
tion in Western Pennsylvania (See also 
Route 19). 

The Washington Tavern (12.3), at No. 
6239 Main Street, built in 1740, has been 
known by Washington’s name since 1793, 
and doubtless commemorates his sojourn in 
Germantown. 


The two Johnson houses (12.3), No. 6306 





BETSY ROSS HOUSE 


Tradition names this quaint old house at No. 239 Arch Street 
as the birthplace of Old Glory. 


Main Street and No. 6316 Main Street, fig- 
ured in the thick of the fight at the Battle 
of Germantown. The famous bullet-riddled 
fence has been removed to the Museum of 
the Germantown Site and Relic Society. 

Nearly opposite No. 6418 Main Street, in 
the block bounded by Main Street, Johnson 
and Morton Streets, and Cliveden Avenue, 
almost hidden in its spacious grounds, may 
be had a glimpse of the historic Chew House 
(12.5), known as “Cliveden,” the scene of 
the most important incident connected 
with the Battle of Germantown (See also 
Route 10). 

Beyond the Chew House, at the north- 
east corner of Main and Upsal Streets (12.7), 
is the Billmeyer House, where Washington 
paused in his march down Main Street at 
the time of the Battle, having discovered 
that the Chew House was occupied by the 
British. Here he stood on a _horseblock, 
telescope in hand, tradition says, trying in 
vain to penetrate the smoke and the fog. 
The stone cap of the horseblock is now 
owned by the Germantown Site*and Relic 
Society, and the telescope is in posee 
of the Germantown Academy. 

Reversing to Johnson Street (13.7), we 
continue over Lincoln Drive, skirting Wissa- 
hickon Creek, and pass under the high rail- 
road bridge at Ridge Road (15.8), down 
which came part of Washington’s army to 
join in the Battle of Germantown. Across 
the Schuylkill River, and continuing on City 
Line Avenue, we pass other old roads out of 
Philadelphia, each with its “secret and un- 
envied pleasure” of an association with 
George Washington. At Belmont Avenue 
(17.1) we turn for a glimpse of Belmont 
Mansion (18.2), built in 1745 (See Routes 5 
and 10), the home of the many-sided Judge 
Richard Peters, Secretary of War during the 
Revolution, whose hospitality Washington 
often enjoyed. Here Washington was a fa- 
miliar figure, chatting in the beautiful gar- 
dens of Belmont, sauntering in the shadows 
of its lofty hemlocks, and seeking relaxation 
from the cares of government. 

Returning to Belmont Avenue (18.5) and 
reaching again City Line Avenue (19.4), we 
turn into Lancaster Avenue (21.3), the 


102 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 8—George Washington in Philadelphia—35.0 m. 





MORRIS-PEROT HOUSE—GERMANTOWN 


This charming house is memorable as the temporary home of President Washington, who lived here in 1793 


Mileage 


13-7 
15.8 
15.9 
L7.1 
17.9 
18.5 
19.4 
20.9 
Zr 
22.9 
24.5 
24.7 
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29.2 


and again in 1794. 


Gateway entrance to Fairmount Park. 

Pass under RR. bridge, crossing Ridge Road. 

Fork; turn right uphill crossing at 16.1 City Line bridge over the Schuylkill River. 
Belmont Ave.; turn left, with Belmont Reservoir on left. 

Turn left to 18.2 Belmont Mansion. Stop. Reverse to 

Belmont Ave.; turn right. 19.0 Conshohocken Road; turn left. 

City Line Ave.; turn left. 

Cross RR. bridge at Overbrook Sta., turning immediately left into 63rd St. 

Cross Lancaster Ave. (‘‘Main line’”’ route to Valley Forge. See Route 9). 

Cross Market St., 63rd St. becomes Cobb’s Creek Parkway. 

Diagonally right across Baltimore Ave., continuing on 58th St. 

Turn right into Parkway, curving into 59th St. 25.2 Fork; right on Parkway. 
Mt. Moriah Cemetery, on left (Detour may be made here for grave of Betsy Ross. 
See Summary Route B). 26.7 Under RR. bridge. 

Woodland Ave.; old Blue Bell Inn (1766), on right, opposite Island Road (74th St.). 
Turn left on Woodland Avenue, the oldest highway in Pennsylvania. 

St. James of Kingsessing, 1760. 28.9 54th St.; turn right. 

Elmwood Ave.; turn left and immediately right across bridge to 


103 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 8—George Washington in Philadelphia—35.0 m. 


“new” Lancaster Pike, the best approach to 
Valley Forge (See Route 9). 

We now continue skirting the whole west- 
ern boundary of the city until, by way of 
Cobb’s Creek Boulevard, we pass Mt. Moriah 
Cemetery (25.5), where a detour may be 
made to the grave of Betsy Ross (See Sum- 
mary Route B at mileage 24.1). At Wood- 
land Avenue and Seventy-third Street (27.0) 
is the Blue Bell Tavern, built in 1766, where 
tradition says the gallant Washington on one 
occasion kissed the landlord’s youthful 
daughter, overhearing her childish and in- 
nocent desire. The Blue Bell was well 
known to Washington through his many 
trips to and from Mt. Vernon. 

Woodland Avenue (27.0), known as Darby 
Road, Chester Pike, Washington Post Road, 
King’s Highway—the oldest highway in 
Pennsylvania, also has many associations 
with Washington, although little is left to 
tell the tale. Over this road, on one occa- 
sion, Washington led back his beaten army 
from the Brandywine; on another, he sped 
on his way to victory at Yorktown. Along 
this road, a gallant colonial officer in mili- 
tary uniform, with Patrick Henry and Ed- 
mund Pendleton, delegates from Virginia, 
at his side, he rode into Philadelphia on 
horseback to attend the first Continental 
Congress, which met in Carpenters’ Hall, 
Monday, September 5, 1774. Over this road, 
in 1758, he had galloped to Philadelphia to 
consult the British general on military 
affairs, and on the way back, with a gold 
ring in his pocket, galloped to the home of 
a young widow named Custis, where it is 
safe to say he consulted on love affairs, for 
he married the young lady within a year. 
Back and forth over this road Washington 
drove many times to Mt. Vernon, often kill- 
ing a horse on the way. The bodies of sol- 
diers, probably buried on. the retreat from 
Brandywine, have been found in the grave- 
yard of old St. James of Kingsessing (27.4), 
at Sixty-ninth Street and Woodland Avenue. 

At Fifty-fourth Street and Woodland 
Avenue (28.9) we turn for a glimpse of 
Bartram’s Garden (29.3) (See Route 5), with 


its picturesque house built in 1731 by John 
Bartram. Here Washington once drove 
from the city and first laid down the Amer- 
ican dictum that a thing cannot be wholly 
good unless it is also “big.” “Breakfasted 
at Mr. Powel’s,’ writes Washington in his 
diary, “and in company with him rid to see 
the Botanical Garden of Mr. Bartram; which, 
tho’ stored with many curious plants, shrubs, 
and trees, many of which are exotics, was 
not laid off with much taste, nor was it 
large.” 

Returning to Woodland Avenue (29.6), 
we soon turn into Gray’s Ferry Road (30.1), 
and cross Gray’s Ferry Bridge (30.3), from 
which point, amid cheers of people, chiming 
of bells, and discharge of artillery, Wash- 
ington was escorted into the city on his 
arrival to attend the convention to frame the 
Constitution of the United States. Here, 
too, he was met by all the dignitaries of the 
city, the city troop, and a great concourse of 
people, when as first President-elect of the 
United States he passed through Philadel- 
phia on his way to New York, riding on 
horseback at the head of the procession 
which crossed the bridge through a mag- 
nificent triumphal arch. Across this bridge, 
too, March 9, 1797, ex-President Washing- 
ton with his family started on his journey 
of retirement to Mt. Vernon, “much pleased 
with being once more Farmer Washington,” 
as Nellie Custis wrote to a friend a few days 
atter. 

By way of Twenty-third Street (32.0), we 
come to the Parkway entrance to Fairmount 
Park, where facing the new Philadelphia Art 
Museum is located the magnificent Washing- 
ton Monument (33.6), dedicated by the So- 
ciety of the Cincinnati in 1897. It is the 
largest bronze sculpture in the United States 
and was erected at a cost of more than 
$250,000. The stately trees that line the 
roadway nearby have stood for more than a 
century, the noble monument in bronze will 
endure for unnumbered ages, but as long as 
the United States endures Washington will 
live enshrined first in the hearts of his 
countrymen. 


104 


Mileage 
29.3 


29.6 
30.1 
30.3 
31.5 
31.8 
32.0 
32.7 
33.1 


33.2 


33.3 
33.6 


33.9 
35.0 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 8—George Washington in Philadelphia—35.0 m. 





WASHINGTON’S BATTLEGROUND IN GERMANTOWN 
At the Chew Mansion Washington found the storm-center of the Battle of Germantown. 


Bartram’s Garden. Stop and walk through grounds. Reverse, turning left on Elm- 
wood Ave., and immediately right onto 54th St. at 29.4. 

Woodland Ave.; turn right. 

Cross 49th St., and turn immediately right into Gray’s Ferry Road. 

Cross Gray’s Ferry Bridge. ) 
United States Arsenal. 

United States Naval Home. 

Turn left with trolley onto 23rd St. 
Cross Market St. 

Turn left and immediately right on 
23rd St. 

Turn left on Parkway and imme- 
diately right on 24th St. 
Pennsylvania Ave.; turn left. 
Washington Monument, opposite the 
new Philadelphia Art Museum; to be 
removed to the Plaza front. Reverse 
on Pennsylvania Ave. to é' : 
23rd St.; turn right to Parkway. eh a Ds, Page es mera ie AP gta 
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. Tuan amar pceviaGh trdeieiee Veen in aaa nk 


105 





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Route 9—A Pilgrimage to Valley Forge 





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THE NATIONAL MEMORIAL, VALLEY FORGE 


“Naked and starving as they are, we cannot enough admire the incomparable patience and fidelity of the 
soldiery.”—WASHINGTON. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 9—A Pilgrimage to Valley Forge—52.9 m. 





This trip carries the tourist through some of the most beautiful of Philadelphia’s everywhere beautiful 
suburban scenery, over excellent roads throughout, to and from a locality of unsurpassed historical and sen- 
timental interest. Since much time is needed by the appreciative tourist to visit all the many points of especial 
interest in Valley Forge Park, the trip is planned to reach in succession all these points in the shortest and 


most satisfying way. 


Of all the worthwhile places on the way only those are mentioned of which interesting 


glimpses may be had in passing, or which may serve as checks on the mileage. 


OR sentiment unspeakable and beauty 

unbelievable the auto-trip from Phila- 
delphia to Valley Forge is the greatest his- 
toric trip in America. 

The approach to Valley Forge through 
famous “Main Line” towns (Overbrook, 6.3 ; 
Ardmore, 9.2;.Haverford, 9.7; Bryn Mawr, 
10.8; Villa Nova, 12.6; Radnor, 13.9; Wayne, 
15.0; Strafford, 15.9; Devon, 17.2) is a route 
of never failing delight. 

The first view of the towering “camp hills” 
(18.4), near Valley Forge, brings only sheer 
sense of admiration. Mt. Joy, with its slen- 
der observatory spire in a flood of sunshine, 
is indeed bouyant with beauty. Even Mt. 
Misery (to the left) fails by its name to 





awaken reminders that this scene is mem- 
orable for sufferings—that here were en- 
dured the calamities of war, here was paid 
the price of self-government. 

The equestrian statue of General Wayne 
in distant view at the right (20.0) brings the 
first sense of battlefield. 

As we reach Fort Washington (20.6), in 
position commanding, but to modern eyes 
unformidable, we remember that Valley 
Forge was not a battlefield but an encamp- 
ment. Stopping, however, for a general 
sweeping view (20.6) of the present Valley 
Forge Park, we first close our eyes to conjure 
up the dread winter of 1777-78, when Wash- 
ington and his Continental Army of 11,000 


as a 


os a. te 


| 
{ 
4 
4 
PI 
th 


VALLEY FORGE ENTRENCHMENTS IN WINTER TIME 


108 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 9—A Pilgrimage to Valley Forge—52.9 m. 


The driving time from City Hall to City Hall is a little less than four hours. It is recommended, how- 
ever, that an entire day be devoted to this trip. This will allow ample time for enjoying properly all the places 
of interest and for dining or picnicking on the grounds. The most hurried visitor should reserve for Wash- 
ington’s Headquarters, 30 min.; Washington Memorial Chapel, 30 min.; Observatory on Mt. Joy, 20 min. 
For full details see ‘Descriptive Itinerary.” 


Mileage 
0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. South on Broad St. 
0.2 Walnut St.; turn right. 
4.6 End of street; turn right on 63rd St. 
4.8 Cross Market St., under elevated railway. On left Millbourne Mills (flour), estab- 
lished 1757. 
6.3 Overbrook, diagonal cross streets. Turn left on Lancaster Ave. 
7.1 View on right of towers of Seminary of St. Charles Borromeo. 
9.2 Ardmore. Station on right. 
9.4 On left, old Red Lion Hotel. Now occupied by Autocar Co. 
9.7 On left, Haverford College gates (1833-1883) and campus. Barclay Hall tower. 

10.0 On left, Haverford Grammar School. 

10.3. On left, remodeled Old Buck Tavern (1735). 

10.8 Bryn Mawr. Station on right. 

12.6 Villa Nova College. 

13.9 On left, Memorial. Erected to the Men and Women of Radnor Township who served 
in the World War. 

15.0 Wayne. 

15.9 Strafford. Spread Eagle Colony. 

16.6 Caution; sharp S-curve under RR. 

17.2 Devon. Irregular 4-corners. Turn right on Waterloo Road. Old Log Cabin on right. 
On left, former residence of John W. Woodside, president of Valley Forge Park Com- 
mission. 

17.4 Beginning of long down grade; take right fork. 

18.4 Railroad bridge. Fine view to right. Just beyond, first glimpse of Valley Forge Hills 
and Observatory on Mt. Joy. 

20.0 Equestrian statue of General Wayne in view at right. 

20.2 3-corners; straight through, turning right up steep grade to 

20.6 Fort Washington. ‘Turn left on Camp Road, avoiding left turn immediately beyond. 
Stop for general view of park, noting on extreme right barn near Huntingdon’s head- 
quarters; Waterman monument; Washington Memorial Chapel, on edge of woods; red 
tower of Catholic Protectory near Port Kennedy. 

20.9 4-corners at Gulph Road; straight through. 21.2 Fort Huntingdon on left. 

21.5 Washington Lane; turn left. 

21.5 Dead end at Port Kennedy Road; turn left. 

21.7 3-corners; turn right, following winding road and river. 

22.3 WASHINGTON’S HEADQUARTERS, on left. Turn left. Stop. 

22.4 4-corners, Washington Inn, on left. Straight through on Valley Creek Road. Mt. 
Misery on right. About one-half mile wp the creek was the site of the old forge which 
gave the place its name. 

23.0 Washington’s Spring. 

23.5 Dead end; turn left. (Right, through covered bridge, leads to Berwyn. One-half mile 
along this road, just beyond another bridge, is Lafayette’s Headquarters; worth a visit.) 

23.6 Knox’s Headquarters, on right, among trees. 

23.9 Dead end, at Waterloo Road. Turn left. 

109 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 9—A Pilgrimage to Valley Forge—52.9 m. 


men came to these heights, then completely 
covered by the primeval forest, and in the 
solitude of bleak hills built forts and re- 
doubts, raised entrenchments, opened head- 
quarters in farm houses, and constructed long 
lines of log huts for their winter quarters, 
all after the disastrous battles of Brandywine 
and Germantown. 

The open eye now rests on a scene peace- 
ful and precious beyond the picturing of 
words, where hillsides and valley fields, 
shining lawns and shadowy groves, winding 
roads and scattered memorials, under a 
wealth of happy skies, together make up 
a landscape of rare and lasting beauty. 
Worth emphasizing at this point are Hunt- 
ingdon’s headquarters (extreme right), the 
high-rising Waterman monument, the Wash- 
ington Memorial Chapel on the edge of the 
distant woods, and the red tower of the 
Catholic Protectory near Port Kennedy. 

Going straight on, but by winding ways, 
to the headquarters, we pass en route Fort 
Huntingdon (21.2), on the left, gain an at- 
tractive view of the Protectory Buildings 
(21.5), and pass by Valley Forge Station 
(22.2) on the Philadelphia and Reading 
Railway. 


Washington’s Headquarters at Valley 
Forge (22.3), occupied by General George 
Washington from December 25th, 1777, to 
June 19th, 1778, as the headquarters of the 
Continental Army (the fine old stone home 
of Isaac Potts, who owned the Mt. Joy 
Forge, midway up the valley creek), is an 
impressive and dignified memorial of the 
great commander-in-chief. Its historic fur- 
nishings, and the relics of Washington speak 
for themselves and are of fascinating in- 
terest. In the hall at the left is a tablet ap- 
propriately recording the services of those 
who patriotically and faithfully guarded the 
building and the grounds for so many years 
before they became the property of the state. 
The Valley Forge Park Commission was or- 
ganized June 17, 1893, in Philadelphia, under 
legislative enactment, “to acquire, maintain 
and preserve forever the Revolutionary 
Camp Ground at Valley Forge, for the free 
enjoyment of the people of the State.” 

Continuing up Valley Creek Road, we pass 


on the left Washington Inn (22.4), built be- 
fore the Revolution. In the basement the 
army bakers built their ovens. 

Midway up the ravine, about one-half 
mile from the river, was the site of the old 
forge that gave Valley Forge its name, un- 
fortunately no longer marked. Somewhere 
along the creek, the foundations of the orig- 
inal Valley Forge dam were once visible and 
marked. Near here took place the memorable 
incident told by Isaac Potts to someone, who 
told Watson, the annalist: Potts ‘one day 
took a walk up Valley Creek and not far 
from his dam he heard a solemn voice and 
walked quietly towards it; he observed Gen- 
eral Washington’s horse tied to a small 
sapling, and in a thicket he saw the General 
on his knees, praying most fervently.” Pure 
and refreshing water is still supplied by 
Washington’s Spring (23.0). 

Passing through the covered Bridge over 
Valley Creek (23.5), delight of photog- 
raphers and artists, and observing on the 
left the home of the late United States Sen- 
ator Philander C. Knox, whose grandfather 
was one of the generals in command at Val- 
ley Forge, we cross a second bridge on the 
Berwyn Road and come shortly, on the right, 
to the fine old original farm house occupied 
by the youthful General Lafayette as head- 
quarters. “Lafayette, nous sommes ict!” 
We are here reminded that one of the great- 
est events in the whole camp life at Valley 
Forge was the announcement and the cele- 
bration of the French alliance finally man- 
oeuvred so skillfully by Benjamin Franklin. 
Listen to Washington’s words: “It having 
pleased the Almighty Ruler of the universe 
to defend the course of the United States, 
and finally raise up a powerful friend among 
the princes of the earth, to establish our 
Liberty and Independence upon a lasting 
foundation, it becomes us to set apart a day 
for gratefully acknowledging the Divine 
goodness, and celebrating the important 
event which we owe to his Divine interposi- 
tion.” Then followed the directions for a 
wonderful day of rejoicing, which began 
early in the morning with prayer and praise, 
and ended only in the evening with repeated 
cannonading and the fire of musketry until, 


110 





MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 9—A Pilgrimage to Valley Forge—52.9 m. 


I 5: 


WASHINGTON’S HEADQUARTERS AT VALLEY FORGE 


Home of the patriot Quaker Isaac Potts, it was saved for the Nation in 1878 by the “Valley Forge Cen- 


Mileage 
24.2 
24.7 


25.0 
25.2 


25.4 
25:0 
25.9 
26.0 
26.4 
26.7 
26.8 
Pa td 


27.8 


tennial and Memorial Association.” 


Forks; turn sharp left around Fort Washington, up steep grade. Stop. 

Caution; hairpin turn to right up steep grade. View to left. Here road begins to 
follow the inner line of entrenchments. Note Park Guard huts, reproductions of those 
used at the time of the encampment. 

Fork; turn left, up grade. 

Observatory; 120 steps. Magnificent cycloramic view from top. Leaving Observatory 
follow same road back to 

3-corners; turn sharp left down steep grade. 

Caution; hairpin turn to right. Fine view to left along Valley Creek. 

On left, Monument to New Jersey Brigade. 

4-corners at Gulph Road; straight through. 

Turn sharp right down steep grade onto Port Kennedy Road. Avoid left-hand road here. 
3-corners at Washington Lane; straight through. 

Varnum’s Headquarters on right. 26.9 Star Redoubt on left. 

Washington MEMORIAL CHAPEL. Stop. On right, Waterman Monument; on left, 
reproduction of soldiers’ hut. From here reverse on Port Kennedy Road to 

3-corners at Washington Lane; turn left. 27.9 Continue past entrance to Park. 


111 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 9—A Pilgrimage to Valley Forge—52.9 m. 





LAFAYETTE’S HEADQUARTERS, VALLEY FORGE 


by Washington’s directions, upon a given 
signal, the whole army huzzaed, “Long live 
the King of France!” That was a great day 
at Valley Forge. 

Retracing the Berywn road and passing 
on the right (23.6), almost hidden in the 
trees, the original farmhouse used as head- 
quarters of Brigadier-General Henry Knox, 
we encircle again Fort Washington (24.2). 
This time, however, we follow the New Park 
Road, winding parallel with the inner line of 
entrenchments (24.7), still visible, until we 
reach the Observatory (25.2), on the summit 
of Mt. Joy. Here may be examined one 
of the Park Guard huts, ‘seen scattered 
throughout the park, which are reproduc- 
tions of those used by officers and soldiers 
in the trying days of the encampment. The 
magnificent cycloramic view from the top of 
the Observatory should not be missed, as it 
is not surpassed in Pennsylvania. 

On leaving the Observatory, we follow to 


the Washington Memorial Chapel a route 
filled with interesting details: a fine view 
along Valley Creek (25.5); the monument to 
the New Jersey brigade (25.9); additional 
views of the inner line of entrenchments; 
Fort Huntingdon; Varnum’s headquarters, 
on the right (26.8); Star Redoubt, on the left 
(26.9); coming finally to the Waterman 
Monument, on the right, and, on the left, to 
the Chapel. 

The Washington MEMORIAL CHAPEL 
(27.2), in inception and conception, in execu- 
tion and expectation, is remarkable and 
unique. Begun in 1903 as an incidental and 
individual inspiration of the Rev. W. Her- 
bert Burk, it has grown through the loving 
and generous co-operation of the people of 
the thirteen original states into a veritable 
national memorial, becoming renowned the 
country and the world over as an artistic and 
historic triumph of unending inspiration. 
Pious hands, hearts and minds are still at 


112 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 9—A Pilgrimage to Valley Forge—52.9 m. 





WASHINGTON INN, VALLEY FORGE KING OF PRUSSIA INN, 1769 


Mileage 

28.3 4-corners at Gulph Road; straight through. On right, old Camp Schoolhouse (1705- 
1907), called also the “‘ Letitia Schoolhouse.”’ Used as hospital during the encampment. 

28.6 Fort Washington on right; turn sharp left on park road, which follows the outer line of 
entrenchments, to be restored. 

29.0 On the left, statue of General von Steuben. 

29.2 Equestrian statue of General Anthony Wayne. 

29.5 Pennsylvania Memorial. 

29.9 National Memorial. 

31.0 Dead end at King of Prussia Road; turn right. 

31.2 On right, Commissary General’s Headquarters. 31.8 Fork; keep left. 

33.2 King of Prussia Inn (1769), on right. Straight through, avoiding left-hand road 
just beyond. 

35.8 Dead end, just beyond bridge over electric railway. Turn right. 

36.3 Under Philadelphia & Western Railway at Gulph Mills Station. 

36.6 Overhanging Rock. 

36.7 Inscribed boulder, on right, commemorating the encampment at Gulph Mills of the 
Continental Army, from December 13 to December 19, 1777, before going into winter- 
quarters at Valley Forge; 4-corners; straight through; long up-grade. 

39.0 On left, view of Bryn Mawr College; Taylor Hall and Pembroke Hall. 

39.8 4-corners at Bryn Mawr; station on right. On left, the Baldwin School for Girls. 

40.8 3-corners at Haverford; Merion Cricket Club, on left. Straight through. 

41.9 Lower Merion Township High School. 

43.5 On left, Old Merion Meeting House (1695), the oldest place of worship in Pennsylvania. 
Just beyond, on left, General Wayne Hotel, established 1704. 

43.7 On left, Seminary of St. Charles Borromeo. 

44.1 Fork; keep right on Old Lancaster Road; passing beautiful suburban residences. 

44.9 4-corners; end of trolley line ahead. Turn right on City Line Avenue. 

46.0 4-corners at Lancaster Avenue; turn left. 

46.5 63rd St.; turn right. 

48.3 Walnut St.; turn left. 

BES ordiou: turn lett. 

51.9 Chestnut St.; turn right. 

52.6 16th ot. turn left: 

52.7. Market St.; turn right. 

52.9 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


113 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 9—A Pilgrimage to Valley Forge—52.9 m. 


work for its completion. Through the 
arched doorway of this chapel, in distant but 
delightful vista, may be had the most satis- 
fying view of the National Memorial to 
Washington and his steadfast soldiers any- 
where to be obtained at Valley Forge. The 
museum of historic relics and curios is full 
of fascinating interest and should not be 
missed. 

The shaft marking the grave of John 
Waterman (27.2), of Rhode Island, Commis- 
sary in Varnum’s brigade, marks the most 
pathetic spot in all Valley Forge. Of all 
the hapless victims of the camp (and be- 
tween three and four thousand filled hos- 
pitals or unmarked graves), this one alone 
is known by name and sleeps in an identified 
grave. 

Returning on the Port Kennedy Road, we 
turn into Washington Lane (27.8), skirting 
the park and its entrance (27.9), crossing 
Gulph Road near the old Camp Schoolhouse 
(1705-1907) (28.3), used as a hospital during 
the encampment, and originally founded by 
Letitia Pent, 

Passing again Fort Washington, we turn 
left onto the New Park Road (28.6), which 
follows the outer line of entrenchments. 
Along this line of outer entrenchments are 
gradually arising, for the better preservation 
and glory of Valley Forge, hallowed spec- 
imens, in stone and bronze, of enduring 
monumental art. In rapid succession we 
pass, on the left (29.0), the statue of Gen- 
eral von Steuben, who drilled rank and file 
and created an army of disciplined soldiers 





SOLDIERS HUT, VALLEY FORGE 


and schooled officers fit to command them; 
(29.2) the striking equestrian statue of Gen- 
eral Anthony Wayne, erected by the Com- 
monwealth of Pennsylvania; (29.5) the 
Pennsylvania Memorial; (29.9) the National 
Memorial; as well as others, which tell their 
own story. Citizens of each of the thirteen 
original states will naturally seek out these 
monuments which especially interest them. 
All will be arrested by Washington’s words 
on the National Memorial: “Naked and 
starving as they are, we cannot enough ad- 
mire the incomparable patience and fidelity 
of the soldiery.” 

Leaving the park by way of the King of 
Prussia Road (31.0), we find Valley Forge 
associations all the way to Gulph Mills. On 
the right, we pass the Commissary General’s 
Headquarters (31.2). We may dine (33.2) 
at the King of Prussia Inn, confident that 
ghosts of old are stalking all about us, as 
this old inn was built in 1769. Under Over- 
hanging Rock (36.6), the army marched 
to Valley Forge. At Gulph Mills (36.7), 
we see on the right a great boulder with 
its tablet reminding us that the main 
Continental Army under Washington en- 
camped near here in 1777 for about a week 
before going into winter quarters at Valley 
Forge. 

From Gulph Mills we begin to come back 
to the modern world and the main line. This 
whole route along an historic highway to the 
city is a curious intermingling of the old 
and the new. We pass (39.0) Bryn Mawr 
College on the left, with views of Taylor 
and Pembroke Halls; (39.8) Baldwin School 
for Girls ; (40.8) Haverford; Merion Cricket 
Club, on left; (42.3) Lower Merion Town- 
ship High School; (43.5) Old Merion Meet- 
ing House, 1695, the oldest place of worship 
in Pennsylvania; just beyond (43.5) is the 
General Wayne Hotel, 1704; (43.7), Semi- 
nary of St. Charles Borromeo (left) ; (44.1) 
Old Lancaster Pike, with its beautiful “main 
line’ mansions; (45.4) the new site of the 
Episcopal Academy for Boys (right) ; (45.7), 
on the left, George House (Jesse George in 
1868 gave the city George’s Hill for incor- 
poration into Fairmount Park); Walnut 
Street; (52.9) City Hall. 


114 


Route 10—Notable Revolutionary Mansions 





DOORWAY OF THE CHEW HOUSE, GERMANTOWN 


Around the classic portal of “Cliveden” raged most fiercely the Battle of Germantown. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 10—Notable Revolutionary Mansions—27.5 m. 


This route is unique in compassing in a single review all the notable Revolutionary mansions in Phila- 


delphia. 


are all represented in a trip that covers familiar ground and yet is filled with surprise and delight. 


The old City, West Philadelphia, East Fairmount Park, West Fairmount Park, and Germantown 


The trip 


is also notable in covering thoroughly all the scenic beauty of Fairmount Park. 


pe Revolutionary days Philadelphia was 
the greatest city in the country. “No 
other could boast of so many streets, so 
many houses, so many people, so much re- 
nown. No other city was so rich, so ex- 
travagant, so fashionable,’ so wrote one 
enthusiastic visitor. 

Many of the notable Revolutionary homes 
of Philadelphia are still standing, some 
almost in their original state. Built in some 
cases in the last half of the century, and 
representative in part of the later colonial 
period, all the houses included in this trip 
enjoy renown chiefly for associations with 
Revolutionary times and events. 

At No. 244 South Third Street (1.4) stands 
the Powel House, built about 1769, once 
the home of Samuel Powel, mayor of Phila- 
delphia in 1775, and again in 1789,—the last 
mayor under the proprietary charter, and the 
first mayor under the new order of affairs 
that produced the United States of America. 

Up the worn door-steps of this spacious 
and comfortable house, and through its beau- 
tiful doorway walked Washingtorf many 
times to drink tea with Mrs. Powel, the 
records indeed showing that morning, noon, 
and night found the venerable general and 
statesman enjoying the hospitality of this 
Philadelphia-home. Mrs. Powel before her 
marriage was Elizabeth Willing, the sister 
of Thomas Willing, merchant prince of his 
day, and partner of Robert Morris. Mr. 
Willing lived at the southwest corner of 
Third and Willing’s Alley, and in this same 
block, on the west side of Third Street nearer 
Spruce, stood William Bingham’s spacious 
mansion, notable for more than social rule. 
While staying in the Powel House Wash- 
ington once received from Tobias Lear, his 
secretary, just returned from Europe, a letter 
saying: “It is with peculiar pleasure that I 
inform you of my having once more arrived 
in this comparatively happy country.” It 
was of a dinner at the Powel mansion that 


116 


“ce 


John Adams. said: . a most sinful 
feast again! Everything which could de- 
light the eye or allure the taste; curds and 
creams, jellies, sweetmeats of various sorts, 
twenty sorts of tarts, fools, trifles, floating 
islands, whipped sillibub, &c., &c., Parme- 
san cheese, punch, wine, porter, beer, etc.” 

The interior of this neglected memorial 
of early Philadelphia hospitality has been 
stripped of its precious wood paneling and 
decorations, but there are still features 
within to excite interest. 

Out Walnut Street, across the Schuylkill 
River, at Thirty-ninth and Woodland Ave- 
nue (4.6), in surroundings now dedicated to 
the dead, we find The Woodlands (5.0), the 
country seat of William Hamilton, a native 
Philadelphian, whose father once owned 
nearly the whole of Lancaster. ; 

The Woodlands Mansion is still attractive. 
Built about 1770, it retains much of its orig- 
inal beauty. Its prevailing Doric architec- 
ture, with its six Ionic pilasters on the north 
front, and its magnificent portico to the 
south supported by six stately Tuscan col- 
umns, is the envy -of | architectsau We 
Palladium windows in Philadelphia,” says 
one, “so thoroughly please the eye or so 
convincingly indicate the delightful accord 
that may exist between gray ledge-stone 
masonry and white woodwork as those set 
within recessed arches at The Woodlands.” 

The records of this old mansion show a 
home life of luxury and ease. The oval din- 
ing room was the resort of connoisseurs and 
leaders of fashion; the spacious library was 
enriched by family portraits painted by emi- 
nent American and English artists; smaller 
art rooms contained works of merit by 
Italian, Dutch, and Flemish masters; the 
surrounding grounds and gardens were 
crowded with trees and shrubs chosen from 
every land for their fragrance or foliage; 
green-houses and hot-houses held ten thou- 
sand plants. Little wonder an admiring visi- 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 10—Notable Revolutionary Mansions—27.5 m. 


Driving time 2 hrs. 45 min. As most of the mansions reviewed on this trip are still used as private resi- 


dences or for business purposes, no extra time is required for inspection. As Belmont Mansion, however, 
is a public restaurant, visitors should not fail to see its interesting interior. 


will soon be re-opened to the public. For full details see ‘Descriptive Itinerary.” 





Mileage 


0.0 
0.3 
1.4 
io 
4.3 
4.6 
4.'7 
5.0 
ed 
S20 
6.0 
6.1 
7.6 
7.8 


PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. Go south'on Broad St. 

Spruce pt.; turn left. 1.3 3rd St.: turn left. 

No. 244 South 3rd St., Powel House, 1769. 

Walnut St.; turn left. 1.6 Independence Square on right. 

38th St.; turn left. 4.5 Woodland Ave.; turn right. 

Gateway entrance to Woodland Cemetery; turn left. 

Fork; bear right; then curve at 4.9 to left. 

The Woodlands, 1770; north front, on left. Keep to right around the mansion. 
Returning, bear right, and immediately left. 5.2 Turn left. 

Bear right to Gateway. 5.5 Straight onto 39th St. 

Right and immediately left on Saunders Ave., around Presbyterian Hospital. 
Powelton Ave.; turn right. 6.5 34th St.; turn left. 

Turn right across Girard Ave. bridge over the Schuylkill River. 

Turn left (statue of Joan of Arc at right), curving down hill onto East River Drive. 





Home of the grandson of the builder of Independence Hall, it was a famous country-seat where the Lom- 


THE WOODLANDS, WEST PHILADELPHIA, 1770 


bardy poplar and the ginkgo tree were first introduced to America. 
117 


It is hoped that Mt. Pleasant 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 10—Notable Revolutionary Mansions—27.5 m. 


tor, exclaimed: | Theresis “surely no scity 
on the continent in whose vicinity more beau- 
tiful country-seats can be found than in the 
vicinity of Philadelphia, and among these 
The Woodlands are conspicuous for their 
taste and elegance.” 

William Hamilton, the owner of The 
Woodlands, was the grandson of Andrew 
Hamilton, the clever Philadelphia lawyer 
who designed and built Independence Hall. 
With ancestors more than once Governors of 
the Province of Pennsylvania, his sym- 
pathies during the Revolution were naturally 
with Great Britain, with the result that he 
was at one time tried for treason, but was 
acquitted. Going to England after the Revo- 
lution, he wrote his secretary: “I shall if 
God permits me a safe return to my own 
country, endeavor to make it smile in the 
same useful and beautiful manner.” It was 
then he began his garden at The Woodlands. 
Hamilton once told Manasseh Cutler—‘“there 
was not a rare plant in Europe, Asia, Africa, 
from China and the islands in the South 
Seas, of which he had any account, which he 
had not procured.” At The Woodlands was 
introduced to America both the Lombardy 
poplar and the ginkgo tree. In 1804, Wil- 
liam Hamilton plotted the greater part of 
his estate, embracing 554 acres, into Hamil- 
tonville, a village which became the nucleus 
of the present West Philadelphia. 

The grounds of The Woodlands became a 
cemetery in 1840. Here are buried Dr. S. 
Weir Mitchell, and that most genial of all 





LAUREL HILL 


Hunting Park Avenue, near Ridge Road. 


American humorists, Frank R. Stockton, 
a West Philadelphian. Here lies also Ad- 
miral David D. Porter, successor of Farragut 
as admiral of the United States Navy. Here 
too is the grave of Lieutenant Greble, the 
first officer on the Northern side to fall in 
the Civil War. Thomas Scott, the great 
pioneer president of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road, also rests here ‘‘until the dawn.” The 
marble tomb of the banker Anthony. J. 
Drexel is a conspicuous landmark of Wood- 
lands. So also is the recent monument of 
Dr. Thomas W. Evans, founder of the 
Evans Dental Institute, now combined with 
the University Dental School at 40th and 
Spruce Streets. 

Mt. Pleasant (8.8), known also as “Clunie,” 
and popularly as Benedict Arnold’s Man- 
sion, is an East Fairmount Park mansion 
rich in memories of Revolutionary days. 

Across the river below Belmont it stands 
on an eminence commanding a fine view of 
the Schuylkill River. John Adams, who 
dined here in October, 1775, pronounced it 
“the most elegant seat in Pennsylvania.” 
Captain John Macpherson, who built the 
mansion in 1761, was a picturesque old 
privateering sea-commander, nine times 
wounded in battle, with an arm “twice shot 
off.” Captain Macpherson compiled and 
published the first directory of the city and 
suburbs of Philadelphia in 1785. 

In 1779 Mt. Pleasant was bought by 
Benedict Arnold, then an American general, 
who planned it as a marriage gift for his 
bride, Peggy Shippen. Arnold resided there 
part of the time after his marriage but in 
a year his treason was uncovered and the 
property confiscated. Mt. Pleasant passed 
ultimately into the hands of a noted Revo- 
lutionary patriot, General Jonathan Wil- 
liams, who became the first Superintendent 
of West Point Academy. The property was 
made part of Fairmount Park in 1868. 

The two detached buildings, east and west 
of the mansion, were used for kitchen pur- 
poses, but contribute considerably to the 
peculiar charm and architectural eminence 
of Mt. Pleasant. The north and south fronts 
alike command consideration for their im- 
posing architectural beauty. In outward 


118 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 10—Notable Revolutionary Mansions—27.5 m. 





MT. PLEASANT, EAST FAIRMOUNT PARK, 1761 


Once the home of Benedict Arnold and his bride, Peggy Shippen, this still beautiful mansion was called 
by John Adams “the most elegant seat in Pennsylvania.” 
Mileage 


8.0 East River Drive; turn right. 8.5 Turn right, passing Grant statue on left. 


8.8 Turn left to 8.9, Mt. Pleasant, 1761; known also as Benedict Arnold’s Mansion. Tablet. 
Reverse to 9.1, turning left. 9.4 Pass Ormiston on left. 

9.9 Turn left, curving down hill (statue of Medicine Man at right). 
10.2 Pass onto East River Drive. 
10.5 Hunting Park Ave.; turn right. Cross Ridge Road at 10.7. 
10.8 Laurel Hill Mansion, built before 1761; on left. Reverse on Hunting Park Ave. to 
11.3 East River Drive; turn right. 12.7 Cross Ridge Road onto Wissahickon Drive. 
14.9 Johnson St.; turn right. 15.6 Cross Germantown Ave.; Chew House, 1760; on left. 
15.8 Morton St.; turn left. 15.9 E. Cliveden Ave.; turn left. 
16.0 Germantown Ave. (Main St.), turn left. 
16.2 No. 6316 Main St., Keyser-Johnson House, 1760. 
16.2 No. 6306 Main St., Johnson House, 1768. 


119 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 10—Notable Revolutionary Mansions—27.5 m. 





JOHNSON FENCE—BULLET-RIDDLED AT THE BATTLE OF GERMANTOWN 


Once on the property at No. 6316 Germantown Avenue, it is now in the Museum of the Germantown 
Site and Relic Society. 


appearance and in interior decoration Mt. 
Pleasant has been regarded as the equal of 
any country-seat of the period. The old- 
fashioned woodwork, including the beautiful 
chimney-pieces and the pretentious panels 
above them, deserves attention. 

Most recluse of all the Revolutionary 
mansions, standing on Hunting Park Ave- 
nue near Ridge Avenue, is the once beau- 
tiful mansion-house called Laurel Hill 
(10.8). This belonged in its early history 
to the Rawle family. The house was left 
in 1761 by will of Francis Rawle to his 
widow, who subsequently married Samuel 
Shoemaker, a prominent merchant of Phila- 
delphia. A pronounced loyalist during 
Revolutionary days, Mr. Shoemaker lost 
Laurel Hill through confiscation. In 1782 
the property was leased and occupied by 
the French minister, the Chevalier de la 
Luzerne, whose truffle-dog has made history 
for the place by discovering truffles in the 


grounds around the house,—believed to be 
the first instance of the finding of truffles in 
a natural state in this country. Though 
fallen into sad decay the house is worth look- 
ing at for its unique architecture. 

The Chew House (15.6), otherwise known 
as “Cliveden,” standing in seclusion in Ger- 
mantown in the midst of the square bounded 
by the Main Street, Johnson and Morton 
Streets, and Cliveden Avenue, occupies an 
important place in historic annals because of 
its associations with the Battle of German- 
town. Built about 1760 by Benjamin Chew, 
distinguished at different times as Attorney- 
General of the Province, member of the 
Provincial Council, and the last Chief Jus- 
tice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania 
under the proprietary government, it is still 
occupied by descendants of the original 
family. The house may best be viewed from 
the gateway on Johnson Street. From Main 
Street only a glimpse may be had of its 


120 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 10—Notable Revolutionary Mansions—27.5 m. 








CARLTON—THE PLANTATION OF ROXBOROUGH 


In the original building Washington had headquarters before and after the Battle of Brandywine. The 


Continental Army of 11,000 men encamped near by. 
Mileage 


17.0 No. 5516-18-20 Main St., formerly the King of Prussia Tavern. 

17.1 No. 5442 Main St., the Morris House, 1772; headquarters of Sir William Howe, after 
the Battle of Germantown; and used as a summer residence by Washington. 

17.3. No. 5261 Main St., the Wister House, 1744; also known as Grumblethorpe. 

17.3. Queen Lane; turn right. 

18.3. Carlton, on right; Washington’s headquarters, 1777. 18.4 Stokeley St.; turn right. 

18.5 Midvale Ave.; turn right. Tablet on old stone wall of Carlton. 

18.7. Wissahickon Ave.; turn right. 

18.8 Queen Lane; turn right, passing Carlton a second time. At Queen Lane and Fox St., 
on the left, is a granite monument commemorating the encampment here of the Conti- 
nental Army in 1777. 

19.7 Dead end; turn right. Midvale Ave. 19.8; turn left. 

20.2 Dead end; turn right on East River Drive. 

20.3 Turn left over Falls Bridge across the Schuylkill River. 

20.5 End of bridge; turn left on West River Drive. 21.3 Fork; bear right up hill. 

21.5 Dead end, turn right. Pass Greenland on left. 21.7 Fork; bear left down hill. 

22.0 Turn left onto Speedway. At 22.6 dead end; turn left. 

22.8 Belmont Mansion, 1745. Stop. Continue to 

23.1 3-corners; straight through. 

23.3 Dead end; turn left, encircling Horticultural Hall on right. 

23.7 Turn left; Japanese Garden on right; and immediately left again onto Lansdowne Drive, 
with Memorial Hall on right. 

24.1 Left over wooden bridge; Smith Memorial on right. 

24.4 Curve left, passing Sweet Briar Mansion at 24.6. 24.9 Pass William Penn House. 

25.0 Turn left on Girard Ave. bridge. 25.2 Turn right; statue of Joan of Arc on left. 

25.8 Turn left around Lincoln Monument, keeping statue on left. 

26.4 23rd St.; turn right. 26.5 Turn left onto Parkway. 

27.5 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


121 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 10—Notable Revolutionary Mansions—27.5 m. 


solid and heavy masonry, its detached 
wings for servants’ quarters, and its cele- 
brated battle-scarred doorway. The Chew 
House still bears the shattering marks of 
Revolutionary cannon balls and bullets. In 
this house Colonel Musgrave with his British 
soldiers took successful refuge, the most 1m- 
portant incident connected with the Battle. 

Numerous houses along Main Street in 
Germantown have Revolutionary associa- 
tions. The present home of Mr. Ellwood 
Johnson, No. 6316 Main Street (16.2), built 
in 1760, has long been famous for its bullet- 
riddled fence. No. 6306 Main Street (16.2), 
built in 1768, another Johnson house, stood 
also in the thickest of the fight at the time 
of the Battle. A bullet hole through the 
parlor door is still visible. The King of 
Prussia Tavern covered the site of Nos. 5516- 
18-20 Main Street (17.0) during Revolu- 
tionary times, and was put to good use by 
the British at the time of the Battle. The 
Morris House, at No. 5442 Main Street 
(17.1), most distinguished as the temporary 
residence of Washington during portions of 
1793 and 1794, was used after the Battle 
of Germantown as headquarters by Sir Wil- 
liam Howe. The Wister House, at No. 
5261 Main Street (17.3), when the British 
entered Germantown, was occupied by Gen- 
eral James Agnew, whose blood still stains 
the floor boards. General Agnew lies buried 
in the Lower Burial Ground. Driven from 
her home in Germantown Sally Wister wrote 
at Penllyn, Montgomery County, the ever- 
charming diary that tells so much about this 
trying and exciting time. 

On the outskirts of lower Germantown, 
on the west side of Indian Queen Lane, 
stands upon an elevated plateau the spacious 
house known in its later history as Carlton 
(18.3). Born in Maryland, Henry Hill, 
owner during the Revolutionary period of 
this attractive country-seat, became a noted 
Philadelphia wine-merchant. Mr. Hill was 
a member of the Committee of Safety in 
1775, an original member of the First City 
Troop, a subscriber to the Pennsylvania 
Bank, organized to provide provisions for 
the Continental army, an original subscriber 
to the Bank of North America, and par- 


ticipated in other ways in public affairs. 

The present Carlton was rebuilt by Mr. 
Hill in 17¢<0. In the original building was 
Washington’s headquarters in August, 1777, 
and here in the ample surrounding fields the 
Continental Army of 11,000 men was en- 
camped just previous to the Battle of 
Brandywine, and for two days in September 
after that battle. A stone (18.5) on the 
wall in Queen Lane records the devastation 
of these days: “Ruined by the war of 1777, 
rebuilt more firmly by the trusty Isaac Tus- 
tin.” Mr. Hill died of yellow fever in 1798. 
Until 1840 his estate was known as the 
“Plantation of Roxborough.” 

At Queen Lane and Fox Street (18.8), on 
the left, we pass the granite monument com- 
memorating the encampment of the Conti- 
nental Army, located here in 1777 before 
and after the Battle of Brandywine. 

Belmont Mansion (22.8), already included 
among the early colonial homes, deserves ad- 
ditional consideration as marking the transi- 
tion from early English plantation life to 
the rural social life of Revolutionary days. 
A slab in the wall fixes the date at 1745, 
although the present building includes later 
enlargements. Richard Peters, born in the 
original house in 1744, became a staunch 
patriot, afterwards rose to great official dis- 
tinction as legislator and judge, and died 
here August 22, 1828, at the ripe age of 
eighty-four, bridging over three distinct 
epochs in American national life. As a 
planter, patriot, legislator, jurist, and social 


_ leader, husband, parent, and neighbor, Judge 


Peters is almost without a peer in the annals 
of Philadelphia local history. His Revolu- 
tionary experiences are too varied and event- 
ful to repeat here in detail. A captain of 
militia, Secretary of the Board of War, 
afterwards a member of the Board, in 1781 
he was elected Secretary of War of the 
United States. Later, through his efforts, 
was secured the ordination of American 
Bishops and so the apostolic succession of 
the Protestant Episcopal Church in the 
United States. As a judge of the United 
States District Court he followed the army 
to Pittsburgh and helped to suppress the 
famous Whiskey Insurrection. 


122 


Route 11—Charles Thomson—First Secretary of Congress 





CARPENTERS’ HALL, 1770—FOUNDED 1724 


Here in 1774 the First Continental Congress settled the foundation principles of American freedom, and 
Patrick Henry declared—“The distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, and New 
Englanders are no more. I am not a Virginian, but an American.” The first act of the Congress was 
to select Charles Thomson, “the Sam Adams of Philadelphia,” as its secretary. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 11—Charles Thomson—First Secretary of Congress—30.0m. 





This trip aims to revive interest in the great scholar and patriot Charles Thomson, who is claimed to be, 
with the possible exception of Franklin, the most prominent man in connection with Revolutionary affairs 


that lived in Pennsylvania. 


Besides glimpses of the historic shrines where Thomson figured, the trip includes 


the beauty of the East River Drive and the charm of the Mill Creek Road that leads by less traversed routes 
to the historic old home of Thomson at Bryn Mawr, ‘‘Harriton,’’ built in 1704. 





HE most striking memorial of Charles 
Thomson in Philadelphia is Congress 
Hall (0.8) itself. Here was the scene of his 
long public service in keeping straight the 
collected wisdom of the nation. Charles 
Willson Peale’s contemporary portrait of 
Thomson is preserved in Independence Hall. 
For fourteen years Secretary of Congress, 
Charles Thomson was a notable and im- 
portant figure in Revolutionary days. Born 
in Maghera, County Derry, Ireland, in 1729, 
he arrived in America an orphan when eleven 
years old, ambitious even then to earn his 
support by mind and pen. He witnessed 
all the events attendant upon the birth, 
growth, and maturity of the Continental 
government and of the government of the 
States under the Federal Constitution, 
knew more of the secret history of the times 
than any other man, and was urged by many 





as 


ec 


CHARLES THOMSON (1729-1826) 


The Independence Hall portrait of the First Secretary of 
Congress. 





THE LANE TO HARRITON 


eminent statesmen to write a history of the 
Revolution, but he refused and destroyed 
all his papers bearing on the subject, fearful 
of doing unnecessary injury to families 
whose ancestors had become celebrated for 
their patriotism. 


Passing the southeast corner of Fourth 
and Chestnut Streets (1.0), we are reminded 
that here stood down to 1867 the old Quaker 
Academy built in 1745 where Charles Thom- 
son was at one time teacher and master. In 
the William Penn Charter School (2.2), suc-, 
cessor to this old academy, since 1874 on 
Twelfth .Street below Market, and now 
(1925) removed to Germantown, may be 
seen an autographed textbook used by 
Thomson when a teacher in the academy. 

In a case in the rear room of the Phila- 
delphia Library Company (2.6) may be 
seen the printed “Minutes” of the Indian 
conference held in 1757 at Easton between 
Governor William Denny and his Council 
and the Delaware Indians of the Susque- 
hanna. It was at this conference that 
Charles Thomson first sprang into public 


124 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 11—Charles Thomson—First Secretary of Congress—30.0 m. 





Driving time about 2 hrs. 15 min. An additional hour and a quarter may be pleasantly spent as follows: 
Congress Hall, 15 min.; Carpenters’ Hall, 15 min.; Philadelphia Library Company, 15 min.; Laurel Hill Ceme- 
tery, 15 min.; ‘‘Harriton,’’ Bryn Mawr, 15 min. For full details see ‘“‘Descriptive Itinerary.” 


Mileage 
0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, east side. Go east on Market St. 
0.6 Pass at 7th and Market Sts., southwest corner, site of house in which Jefferson wrote 
the Declaration of Independence. Tablet. 
0.7 6th St.; turn right. At Nos. 528-30 Market St. was Washington’s Presidential Man- 
sion, 1790-1797. Tablet. 
0.8 Chestnut St.; turn left. Stop and visit Congress Hall, 6th and Chestnut Sts., south- 
east corner. 
1.0 4th and Chestnut Sts., southeast corner, Brown Bros. & Co., bankers, occupy the site 
of the old Quaker Academy (1745-1867), now the William Penn Charter School. 
1.0 No. 322 Chestnut St., at rear of Franklin’s Court, Carpenters’ Hall, meeting place of 
First Continental Congress, 1774. 
Peieesrciot turn jeft. 1.3. Arch St.; turn left. 


= or 
x “wa bares : 
: : 





HARRITON, BRYN MAWR, 1704 


Here lived Charles Thomson until his ninety-seventh year. The house was built by the Welsh founder 
of Bryn Mawr, and has been owned by the Harrison family from 1719 until the present day. 


125 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 11—Charles Thomson—First Secretary of Congress—30.0 m. 





GRAVE OF CHARLES THOMSON, LAUREL HILL 


Approached by a steep foot-path from the East River Drive, the obelisk of the great Revolutionary patriot 
commands a view of the Schuylkill River of exceptional beauty. 


notice for his audacity in aiding the Indians. 
In the minutes of the Provincial Council of 
July 25, 1757; "it. 1s) recorded) \sesooneas 
the Governor and Council and Indians had 
taken their seats, Teedyuscung, by his in- 
terpreter John Pumpshire, called for Charles 
Thomson, master of the publick Quaker 
School in the city of Philadelphia, placed 
him by Mr. Trent (assistant secretary of the 
Governor) at the table and said he had 
chosen him for his clerk; whereupon he sat 


down and began to take minutes, without 
having asked permission of the Governor 
... It was then that Charles Thomson 
earned his Indian name Weagh-con-lan-mo- 
und, “The man who tells the truth.” 
Farther down Chestnut Street, on the 
south side, east of Fourth, one may well 
pay a special visit to Carpenters’ Hall (1.0) 
to recall Charles Thomson’s associations 
with this manysided historic shrine. When 
the Continental Congress met here in Sep- 


126 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 11—Charles Thomson—First Secretary of Congress—30.0 m. 


cr ch 





CONGRESS HALL—REAR DOOR CONGRESS HALL—MAIN ENTRANCE 
Mileage 


1.4 4thand Arch Sts., northeast corner, home of Dr. William Smith. 

1.5 Pass at 5th and Arch Sts., southeast corner, Franklin’s Grave. 

Peete, curn left. 2:5 Locust St.; turn right. 

2.6 Locust and Juniper Sts., northwest corner, Philadelphia Library Company. Stop. 

2.7 Broad st.;turn right. 2.9 Curve around City Hall to 

3.2 Entrance to Plaza and Parkway; turn diagonally right. 

4.1 23rd St.; turn right. 4.2 Pennsylvania Ave.; turn left. 

4.5 Turn left and then right onto East River Drive. 

8.1 Stop. Footpath up steep hillside to marble steps leading to high plateau,—at right, 
obelisk and tomb of Charles Thomson, Laurel Hill Cemetery. Continue on East River 
Drive to 8.9 Fork; turn left up grade. 

9.1 Cross bridge over Schuylkill River onto City Line Ave. 

11.0 Old Lancaster Road; turn right. 

13.1 McClenachan’s Mill Road; turn right. 14.0 Dead end; turn left. 14.2 Bear left. 

14.5 On left, high right-angled bit of broken wall, covered with ivy; remains of Daniel 
Henkel’s mill, where were manufactured munitions for the U. S. Government during 
the War of 1812; said to be the first mill in the county of Philadelphia to use steam. 

14.6 Fork; keep left. 

14.7. Pass on left old tenth milestone, with Penn coat-of-arms, dated 1770. 

14.8 Fork; keep right on State Road up steep, winding hill. 

15.0 Tree in fork; keep left up hill. 15.6 On right, white house, 1717. 

16.0 Dead end; turn left on Morris Ave. 16.2 Roberts Road; turn right on dirt road. 

16.9 New Gulph Road; turn right. 

17.1 On right, private lane leading to Harriton; turn right. 

17.4 Harriton Farms. Walk through arbored path on right to Harriton, built by the Welsh 
founder of Bryn Mawr in 1704; the ancestral home of Mrs. Charles Thomson. Re- 
verse to 17.7 New Gulph Road; turn left. 

19.0 Montgomery Pike; turn left. 21.3 McClenachan’s Mill Road, on left. 

22.8 Fork; keep right on Old Lancaster Road. 

23.5 Continue across City Line Ave. onto 54th St., curving into Jefferson St. 

24.9 52nd St.; turn right. 

26.5 Walnut St.; turn left. 28.1 36th St.; turn left. 

28.2 Chestnut St.; turn right. 29.7 16th St.; turn left. 

29.8 Market St.; turn right. 

30.0 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


127 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 11—Charles Thomson—First Secretary of Congress—30-0 m. 





RUIN OF HENKEL'S MILL—OLD GULPH ROAD 


tember, 1774, Thomson had just married 
the day before Hannah Harrison, his second 
wife. On what might be called a bridal-trip 
to the city, he was met by a messenger from 
the President of the Continental Congress, 
and immediately impressed into service as 
secretary. A silver urn still exists which 
was given by Congress to Mrs. Thomson 
as a compensation for the unexpected inter- 
ruption of her honeymoon. Earlier in this 
year, Thomson had met Paul Revere of 
Boston, who came to Philadelphia to enlist 
support against the passage of the Boston 
Port Bill. At the City Tavern Thomson 
made so vehement a speech in his zeal for 
making common cause with Boston that he 
fainted and was carried out. John Adams, in 
his diary, notes later: ‘“This Charles Thom- 
son is the Sam Adams of Philadelphia.” 

At Fourth and Arch Streets (1.4), north- 
east corner, still stands the house of the 
Rev. William Smith, Provost of the old 
Academy and College on Fourth Street be- 
low Arch, west side, the site of which is 
marked with a tablet. In 1750, before the 
days of Dr. Smith, Thomson was a tutor 
and instructor in the original academy and 
charity school. Out on the Ridge road, 
near the Falls of Schuylkill, not far from 
Dr. Smith’s country home, Thomson owned 
an estate called Summerville, which was 
burnt down during the Revolution (See 
Route 7). 

In Laurel Hill Cemetery, approached by 
a steep footpath (8.1) from the East River 
Drive, Fairmount Park, stands a conspicuous 


monument to the memory of this faithful 
patriot, with inscriptions by Watson, the 
annalist. The removal of the remains from 
the family burying grounds on the Harriton 
estate, fourteen years after Thomson’s death 
in 1826, occasioned bitter controversy. The 
obelisk and tomb of Charles Thomson 
command one of the most beautiful views 
of the Schuylkill River and its picturesque 
scenery. 

Harriton (17.4), the ancestral home of 
Mrs. Thomson, located at Lower Merion, 
on the outskirts of Bryn Mawr, twelve miles 
from the city, in Revolutionary days was 
still within the boundaries of the County 
of Philadelphia. Here Charles Thomson 
lived after his marriage until his ninety- 
seventh year. “Harriton Farms,” still oper- 
ated by direct descendants of the Harrison 
family, is chief reminder of this remarkable 
man. The house stands back from the 
Gulph Road about a mile from Bryn Mawr 
station. 

The Harriton house is additionally inter- 
esting for its antiquity. Built in 1704 by 
an early Welsh Quaker, it passed into the 
hands of Mrs. Thomson’s father, Richard 
Harrison, in 1719. A modern house has been 
erected nearby, but the old mansion re- 
mained for years as a tenant-house with 
much the same appearance as it originally 
possessed. The house is of stone, two stories 
in height, with a high-pitched roof, with a 
garret-room lighted in front by three dormer 
windows. Here Thomson lived in retirement 
in his later years devoted to study and 
writing. Here he made his notable trans- 
lation of the Scriptures, published in four 
volumes in 1804. Thomson began the study 
of Greek in early days through the accident 
of picking up a part of the Septuagint at an 
auction sale. The Old Testament he trans- 
lated from the Septuagint and this was the 
only English translation ever made of the 
Septuagint up until 1844. 

The elaborate inscription on the tomb at 
Laurel Hill was composed by Watson, the 
annalist, who did still better, however, when 
in a poem on Thomson he said: “And when 
men’s souls were tried, as in a furnace, his 
came forth like gold.” 


128 


Route 12—Robert Morris and the First Banks 





ROBERT MORRIS—BY CHARLES WILLSON PEALE 


In Congress Hall hangs this portrait of “the financier of the American Revolution,’ who founded the first 
bank in America. 


DESCRIPTIVE 


ITINERARY 


Route 12—Robert Morris and the First Banks—42.4 m. 


Planned primarily to revive memories of the great but unfortunate financier of the Revolution, after a 
short trip through the ancient but busy banking section of the city, this route carries one through ever-attractive 
Fairmount Park and far afield up the old Ridge Road through enterprising Wissahickon and Roxborough 


to the distant so-called ‘‘Angel House,” located at Harmonville. 


Opportunity is then offered in returning 


to the city to speed the length of the attractive Conshohocken Pike through Ambler, and to follow the slopes 
and meanderings of the historic Limekiln Pike into Germantown and Broad Street, the nine mile stretch 
from the northwest city line to City Hall furnishing ample demonstration of the wealth, prosperity, and 
progress that have followed on the foundations laid by such patriots as Robert Morris and the other early 


American forefathers. 


HILADELPHIA, birthplace of the bank- 

ing system of the United States, and 
home of the oldest bank on the American 
continent, has never honored adequately the 
genius of Robert Morris, the great financier 
of the Revolution, through whose wisdom 
and efforts the Bank of North America was 
first established in 1781. 

Reviving and recording the few memorials 
and associations that still remain, we turn 
first into Twelfth Street from Market and 
recall that at No. 32 South Twelfth Street 
(0.1), now displaced by the Commonwealth 
Title. and Trust Company, was, the last 
home of Robert Morris. Here he lived with 
his family at the time of his death in 1806. 

Next to the northeast corner of Eighth 
and Chestnut Streets (0.5), by careful inspec- 
tion, we may still discern the old mansion, 
now incorporated. into Green’s Hotel and 
Restaurant, where Robert Morris lived tem- 
porarily in 1798, while waiting and watching 
the completion of the magnificent residence 
begun for him on the south side of Chestnut 
Street, between Eighth and Seventh, but 
never finished, and known after his unfor- 
tunate failure as “Morris’s Folly.” 

Between Nos. 714-16 Chestnut Street (0.5), 
once the Henry A. Dreer Seed Store, a tablet 
marks the site of Morris’s Folly. A well- 
known Birch engraving has preserved a pic- 
ture of this house, and a contemporary trav- 
eller speaks of it even in its unfinished state 
as “a monument of the increasing luxury of 
the city of Philadelphia.” The elegant bas- 
relief work prepared for this mansion, rep- 
resenting Tragedy and Comedy, later placed 
over the windows in the old Chestnut Street 
Theatre, still exists. 

Congress Hall, at Sixth and Chestnut 
Streets (0.7), is worth a visit with Morris 


uppermost in mind. Here one may see in 
the Senate Chamber on the second floor, 
conspicuous on the west wall, a portrait of 
Robert Morris by Charles Willson Peale. 
Directly opposite is a portrait of Mrs. Mor- 
ris, also by Peale. In aveasecnestiyy cue 
crude caricature of Robert Morris, by New 
Yorkers, made on the removal of the seat 
of government, through his instrumentality, 
from their city to Philadelphia in 1790. 
Here also one may recall how wisely and 
well, in times that tried men’s souls, Morris 
served both state and nation in many patri- 
otic capacities, including that of first United 
States Senator from Pennsylvania (1789-95). 
When Congress elected Morris to the new 
and important office of Superintendent of 
Finance in 1781, he said: “In accepting the 
office bestowed on me, I sacrifice much of 
my interest, my ease, my domestic enjoy- 
ments, and internal tranquillity. If I know 
my own heart, I make these sacrifices with a 
disinterested view to the service of my coun- 
try. JI am ready to go further; and the 
United States may command everything I 
have except my integrity, and the loss of 
that would effectually disable me from sery- 
ing them more.” — 

In nearby Independence Hall (0.7) may 
be seen another portrait of Robert Morris, 
who in spite of some hesitation finally signed 
the Declaration of Independence, and was 
afterwards a member of the Convention that 
framed the Constitution of the United States. 

Farther down Chestnut Street, on the 
north side, west of Third Street, No. 307 
Chestnut Street (0.9), we find the Bank of 
North America, the first bank on the Amer- 
ican continent, chartered by Congress in 
1781, and opened January 7, 1782. The bank 
still occupies the site of its first home, orig- 


130 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 12—Robert Morris and the First Banks—42.4 m. 


Driving time about 4 hrs. Forty-five minutes additional should be allowed for stops at Congress Hall, 
Independence Hall, Betsy Ross House, and Christ Church. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.”’ 


Mileage 


C.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, east side. Go east on Market St. 


0.1 


0.2 
0.5 


0.5 
0.7 


0.9 


0.9 


12th St.; turn right. The Commonwealth Title and Trust Co. occupies the site of the 
last home of Robert Morris, once at No. 32 South 12th St. 

Chestnut St.; turn left. 

8th and Chestnut Sts., northeast corner, now Green’s Hotel and Restaurant, site of 
Robert Morris’s home, 1798. 

No. 714-16 Chestnut St.; tablet marking site of Morris’s ‘Folly.’ 

6th and Chestnut Sts., southeast corner, Congress Hall. Stop. Independence Hall. 


‘Stop. 


Brown Brothers & Co., bankers, 4th and Chestnut Sts., southeast corner. A centenary 
firm. Founded 1800. 

Nos. 305-7-9 Chestnut St., Bank of North America and Trust Co. Founded 1781. 
Stop. Walk south on 3rd St., below Chestnut, west side, to building of the First United 
States Bank, 1795. 

Sraov.,curnleft. 1.2 ° Arch St.; turn right. 

No. 239 Arch St., the Betsy Ross House. 1.3 2nd St.; turn right. 

2nd St. above Market, west side, Christ Church. Stop. 





CARTCATURE OF ROBERT MORRIS 


The citizens of New York showed their disapproval when the seat of government was removed from their 


city to Philadelphia in 1790. 
131 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 12—Robert Morris and the First Banks—42.4 m. 





THE “ANGEL HOUSE” AT HARMONVILLE 


Long of curious interest for the beautiful marble carving made originally for Robert Morris’s unfinished 
“dream house” at Eighth and Chestnut Streets. 


inally the commodious store of its cashier, 
Tench Francis. Forerunner of the banking 
system of the United States, this famous old 
institution was the direct outcome of the 
plan presented to Congress by Robert 
Morris, May 17, 1781, and is a monument to 
his financial genius. Thomas Willing, part- 
ner of Robert Morris, was the bank’s first 
president. Its second president was John 
Nixon, famous for having first read pub- 
licly the Declaration of Independence. In 
the bank may be seen a letter dated June 


11, 1781, written by Robert Morris to John 


Hancock, then Governor and Commander- 
in-Chief of Massachusetts Bay, asking him 
to “promote this infant plan which as it 
gathers strength may in the end prove the 
means of saving the Liberties, Lives & Prop- 
erty of the virtuous part of America.” 

A short walk down the west side of Third 
Street below Chestnut brings one to the 


132 


building of the first United States Bank 
(0.9), built in 1795, and afterwards bought 
and used (1811-1831) by Stephen Girard for 
his private banking business. The act of 
Congress incorporating this bank was ap- 
proved by Washington February 22, 1791, 
Thomas Willing, the partner of Robert 
Morris, becoming the first president. The 
charter of the bank failed of renewal in 
1811. A tablet, at the right, tells the story 
of this the oldest banking building in Amer- 
ica. The building has been used by the 
Girard National Bank since 1832. 


At No. 239 Arch Street (1.2), if tradition 
and art are to be believed, Robert Morris, 
as a member of a committee appointed by 
Congress, arranged with Betsy Ross for the 
making of the Stars and Stripes. There is 
documentary evidence that Betsy Ross man- 
ufactured American flags, and it is possible 
that Robert Morris stood more than once 


Route 12—Robert Morris and the First Banks—42.4 m. 





BANK OF NORTH AMERICA—CHARTERED 1781 


A monument to the genius of Robert Morris, still occupying its original site, this venerable institution is 
the oldest bank on the American continent. 


133 


Route 12—Robert Morris and the First Banks—42.4 m. 














FIRST UNITED STATES BANK, 1795 


On Third Street below Chestnut, occupied since 1832 by the Girard National Bank, this is the oldest 
banking building in America. For twenty years (1811-1831) it was used by Stephen Girard for his private 


banking business, 
134 


Mileage 
1.4 
ys 


1.8 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 12—Robert Morris and the First Banks—42.4 m. 


Market St.; turn right. 

Nos. 526-28-30 Market St., site of Morris Mansion, occupied by President Washington, 
1790-1797. 
6th and Market Sts., southeast corner, site of residence and counting-house of Robert 
Morris. . 
Turn right encircling City Hall. 2.6 Entrance to Parkway; bear right. 
23rd St.; turn right. 

Pennsylvania Ave.; turn left. 

Turn left on East River Drive. 

Bear right and then left around Lincoln Monument. 

Tam o’Shanter group. Turn immediately right up hill. 

Turn right to Lemon Hill Mansion, 4.6. Reverse to 

East River Drive; turn right. 

Fork; keep to right. 

Ridge Ave.; bear left with trolley. 

Fork; keep right up steep and long hill. 

Bear left with trolley, passing through Wissahicko1 and Roxborough. 
Stone “‘tent,’’ marking site of Lafayette’s encampment, 1778. 

Trolley leaves at right. 

Harmonville; turn left meeting trolley on Conshohocken Pike. 

“Angel House” on left. Reverse on Conshohocken Pike. 

Cross Ridge Road. 

Plymouth Meeting House, on left; jog left and then right. 

Cross R.R. at grade. 

Fork; bear left up hill. 

Fork; keep right. 

Blue Bell Road. (For a shorter route to Philadelphia turn right at this point and follow 
road becoming Stenton Ave. into Broad St.) 

Cross Skippack Pike. Broad Axe Hotel, on left. 

Ambler. 

Cross R.R. at grade at Ambler Station. 

Trolley leaves on left by Bethlehem Pike. 

Three Tuns Inn on left; turn right. 

Limekiln Pike; turn right. 

Jarrettown P. O. 

Fork; left under R.R. at 28.9; curve right. 

Fork; keep right. 

Lulu Temple Country Club on left. 

Edge Hill Fire Co.; turn right over R.R. 

Edge Hill P. O.; fork; keep left. 

Fork; bear left on Limekiln Pike. 

Trolley on right. 

Cross trolley and bear left. 

Northwest City Line; continue on Limekiln Pike. 

Naval Cemetery on right. . 

65th and Stenton Ave.; keep straight through on Limekiln Pike. 

Fork; turn left. 

Curve left onto Spencer St. 

Branchtown at York Road; turn right. 

Fork; keep right onto Broad St. 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


135 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 12—Robert Morris and the First Banks—42.4 m. 


within the low-ceiled rooms of this quaint 
old house now celebrated the world over as 
the “birthplace of Old Glory.” 

A few blocks away, in Second Street above 
Market, in old Christ Church (1.4), may be 
seen the family vault of Wm. White and 
Robert Morris, with its modest inscription, 
stating that “The latter, who was Financier 
of the United States during the Revolution, 
died the 8th May, 1806, aged 73 years.” 

At Nos. 526-28-30 Market Street (1.7), 
marked by a tablet, we pass the site of 
Robert Morris’s presidential mansion, out of 
which he moved to make way for President 
Washington, who leased and lived in this 
house from December, 1790, until March, 
1797, and made it rich in historic associations. 

At the southeast corner of Sixth and Mar- 
ket Streets (1.8) stood the house (See Route 
8) to which Morris moved when he vacated 
his other home for President Washington. 
Here went on that elegant entertainment and 
luxury for which the Morris family was 
famous, and of which Samual Breck, of 
Sweet Briar, says in his Recollections: 
“There was a luxury in the kitchen, table, 
parlor and street equipage of Mr. and Mrs. 
Morris that was to be found nowhere else 
in America. Bingham’s was more gaudy, 
but less comfortable. It was the pure and 
unalloyed which the Morrises sought to 
place before their friends, without the abate- 
ments that so frequently accompany the dis- 
plays of fashionable life. No badly-cooked 
or cold dinners at their table; no pinched 
fires upon their hearths; no paucity of 
waiters ; no awkward loons in their drawing 
rooms.” Lamentingly Breck adds of his 
own day: “We have no such establishments 
now. God in his mercy gives us plenty of 
provisions, but it would seem as if the devil 
possessed the cooks.” 

Entering Fairmount Park by way of the 
Parkway, beyond the rustic canopy shelter- 
ing Tam o’Shanter and his friends (4.4) 
on the East River Drive, we turn up a road 
to the right and reach Lemon Hill (4.6), 
whose chief historic association is with 
Robert Morris. Lemon Hill was sold to the 
city July 24, 1844, but was not dedicated as 
a public park until 1855, this dedication 


marking the commencement of the present 
Fairmount Park. The Hills, as the prop- 
erty was originally called, passed from the 
ownership of Robert Morris in 1799. The 
present extensive mansion was put up by 
the purchaser, Henry Pratt, merchant and 
artist, the old mansion-house of Robert 
Morris, which stood nearby, being torn 
down. The Morris estate contained orig- 
inally over eighty acres and was bought in 
1770. Morris loved The Hills as a refuge 
from the cares of business and of social life, 
initiating here the practice of “week-ends.” 
In 1776, he wrote: “I dine at the Hills 
today, and have done so every Sunday. 
Thus, you see, I continue my old practice 
of mixing business with pleasure; I have 
ever found them useful to each other.” At 
The Hills Morris showed unbounded hos- 
pitality to eminent Americans as well as to 
distinguished foreign travellers. Washing- 
ton repeatedly tells in his diary of riding out 
to The Hills, and dining or drinking tea with 
Mr. Morris and his lady. At The Hills 
Robert Morris took refuge when financial 
disaster finally overwhelmed him. Morris’s 
ruin was brought about in 1798, after his 
retirement from public office, and resulted 
from the dishonesty of some of his associates 
in speculation in unimproved lands in various 
sections of the country. 

The curious will find satisfaction in com- 
pleting this trip by regaining the East River 
Drive and travelling over the Ridge road, 
past the entrance to Wissahickon Drive, and 
through the historic village of Harmonville 
(16.6), to the so-called “Angel House” 
(17.0), long of public interest for the carved 
block of marble to be found between two of 
the windows in the second story. This 
carving was made originally for Robert 
Morris’s unfinished dream house at Eighth 
and Chestnut Streets. The two cherubs, one 
on each side of a palette, pen in hand, may 
well be conceived to be recording the genuine 
public services of this unfortunate patriot, 
who himself once writing to Alexander Ham- 
ilton said: “I am sensible that I have lost 
the confidence of the world as to my 
pecuniary ability, but I believe not as to 
my honor or integrity.” 


136 


Route 13—David Rittenhouse—First Practical Scientist 


%, 


A 
| 


THE RITTENHOUSE CLOCK AT DREXEL INSTITUTE 


Gift of Mrs. George W. Childs in 1896, it is a fine specimen of the practical handiwork of the self-tutored 
astronomer and mathematician. 





DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 13—David Rittenhouse—First Practical Scientist—55.5 m. 


Beginning in the heart of the old city this trip continues and concludes along highways and by-ways 
of surpassing beauty and charm. The picturesqueness of the lower Schuylkill River, with its added wonder 
as enjoyed from the heights of Laurel Hill; the restful scenery of the Wissahickon, and the delightful pros- 
perity of old Germantown and its new section on the Lincoln Drive; the rare horizons of rural Chestnut 
Hill, and the broad meadows of the White Marsh Valley; the endless stretches of fertile farm-land found 
the length of Germantown Road, as it penetrates to regions far beyond Norristown; the enduring charm 
of the historic old Gulph road, ending in the solid and serene comfort of Main Line homes; all these furnish 
background in a trip that revives in a fascinating way historic relics, portraits, sites, and scenes associated 


with one of the greatest of early self-made Americans. 


HE name and the fame of David Ritten- 

house loom large in the annals of Phila- 
delphia, even the sight of the clock in the 
tower of Independence Hall (0.8) recalling 
that Rittenhouse in 1775 was appointed to 
take charge of this clock and regulated it 
throughout the Revolutionary period. 

Pass through the State House to Inde- 
pendence Square (0.8), to a spot about forty 
feet due west from the rear door of the 
American Philosophical Society (located on 
Fifth Street, just below Chestnut). Here 
was the site of Rittenhouse’s observatory, 
erected by the Philosophical Society in 
1769 for the memorable observation of the 
transit of Venus. Rittenhouse, however, 





DAVID RITTENHOUSE (1732-1796) —BY CHARLES 


WILLSON PEALE 


observed the transit at his country home at 
Norriton, although he doubtless superin- 
tended the construction of this observatory, 
which became the popular rostrum of the 
day, some claiming that from its platform 
Nixon first publicly read the Declaration of 
Independence. 

Pass into the nearby American Philosoph- 
ical Society (0.9), of which David Ritten- 
house was president in 1791, succeeding 
Franklin, and followed by Thomas Jefferson 
in that high office. In the rooms on the second 
floor may be seen tangible memorials of 
Rittenhouse’s inventive genius, including the 
curious first clock made by him, embodying 
a device to overcome the variation in the 
period of oscillation of a pendulum due to 
changes in temperature. 

At Nos. 35-37-39 North Seventh Street 
(1.2), east side, we see the site of the first 
United States Mint, of which David Ritten- 
house was the first director, serving from 
1792 to 1795. By appropriate tablet and the 
aid of art, the present occupants of the site, 
the F. H. Stewart Electric Company, set 
worthy example of what an enterprising 
business house can do to preserve historic 
associations. This company has distributed 
widely a reproduction of Lamasure’s colorful 
painting showing the site, buildings, and sur- 
roundings of the original mint, erected in 
1792, and the first public building authorized 
by the Congress of the United States. 

At the northwest corner of Seventh and 
Arch Streets (1.3), once stood “Fort Ritten- 
house,” built in 1787. Here Rittenhouse 
dwelt for many years, and was buried at first 
in the garden. The house was so-called be- 
cause here in 1809 the United States and 
the State of Pennsylvania came into almost 
bloody conflict over some prize-money held 
by the family and estate of David Ritten- 


138 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 13—David Rittenhouse—First Practical Scientist—55.5 m. 


Driving time about 4 hrs. 30 min. An early start should be made for this trip, with arrangements to 
dine on the way. One hour and forty-five minutes additional may easily be spent in stops, including American 
Philosophical Society, 10 min.; old Mint site, and new United States Mint, 30 min.; Drexel Institute, 10 min.; 
University of Pennsylvania, 20 min.; Laurel Hill Cemetery, 10 min.; Rittenhouse’s Birthplace, 5 min.; Mennon- 
ite Meeting House, 5 min.; Rittenhouse farm, Norriton, 5 min.; Norriton Presbyterian Church, 10 min. 
For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.” 


Mileage 

0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. Go east on South Penn Square. 

0.0 Juniper St.; turn right. 

0.1 Chestnut St.; turn left. 

0.8 Independence Square, between 6th and 5th, and Chestnut and Walnut Sts. 

0.9 5thSt.;turnleft. Stop;walk to American Philosophical Society, 5th St. below Chestnut, 
west side. 

1.0 Market St.; turn left. 

1.2 7th St.; turn right. Stop at Nos. 35-37-39 North 7th St.; tablet, marking site of first 
United States Mint. 

1.3 Arch St. and 7th, northwest corner, site of David Rittenhouse’s home in 1787 (‘‘ Fort 
Rittenhouse’’). 

1.5 Turn left around Franklin Square, continuing on Franklin St. 

1.9 Spring Garden St.; turn left. 

2.5 Cross Broad St.; Philadelphia Astronomical Observatory, at Central High School, show- 
ing on right. 

2.7. United States Mint, 17th and Spring Garden Sts. Stop. Continue left on 17th St. 

3.7 Walnut St.; turn right, passing on the left at 3.8 Rittenhouse Square. 

4.2 23rd St.; turn right. 

4.3 Chestnut St.; turn left. 

4.7 32nd and Chestnut Sts., Drexel Institute. Stop. 

4.9 34th and Chestnut Sts.; turn left. Park before reaching Woodland Ave. at 34th St. 
Walk to University Library, and Houston Hall. Reverse and continue north on 34th St. 

5.2 Cross Lancaster Ave. 

5.9 Cross bridge over R.R. Zoological Garden on left; vistas of the Schuylkill River on 
right. 

6.5 Turn right onto Girard Ave. bridge, crossing the Schuylkill River. 

6.7 Turn left, curving down hill onto 

6.9 East River Drive; turn right. 

9.1 Hunting Park Ave.; turn right. 

9.2 Entrance to Laurel Hill Cemetery; turn left. 

9.3 Left up hill; keeping right to 9.5, main entrance; then turn left. 

9.6 Turn right, and immediately right again to first path on left (tall elm tree on right). 
Walk along this path (Bockius-Logan monument at right), taking left fork of path for 
some 325 feet to a spot nearly opposite the bronze statue of the artist William Emlen 
Cresson. A low flat slab marks the grave of David Rittenhouse (1732-1796). Reverse to 

9.7 Turn left, and immediately right; keeping to left to entrance gate. 

9.9 Ridge Ave.; turn left. 

10.4 Queen Lane, on right. Stop. Walk a short distance to “Plush Hill” on right; set far 
back on the hill, early country home of Provost William Smith. Continue on Ridge Ave. 

10.5 Midvale Ave.; turn left, and immediately right onto East River Drive. 

11.0 Fork; keep right. 

11.3 Bear right, crossing Ridge Ave., under R.R. arch onto Wissahickon Drive. 

12.7. Birthplace of David Rittenhouse (1732). Built 1707 (See also Route 3). 


139 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 13—David Rittenhouse—First Practical Scientist—55.5 m. 


eae 





FIRST. UNITED STATES MINT, 1792 


It stood on Seventh Street above Market, and was the first public building authorized by the Congress of 


the United States. 


house, who had received it while holding 
office as Treasurer of the State of Penn- 
sylvania. 

On crossing Broad Street at Spring Gar- 
den (2.5), we are reminded that the astro- 
nomical genius of David Rittenhouse has 
been perpetuated in Philadelphia by the 
Astronomical Observatory at the Central 
High School, which enjoys the unique dis- 
tinction of having inspired and contributed 
indirectly to the foundation of the two larg- 
est observatories in America—the great Lick 
Observatory and the famous Yerkes Observ- 
atory of the University of Chicago. 

At the southeast corner of Seventeenth and 
Spring Garden Streets we reach the mag- 
nificent United States Mint (2.7), where in 
the Board Room on the second floor, head- 
ing the long line of distinguished directors, 
may be seen a well-executed portrait of 
David Rittenhouse, striking in face and in 
costume. In the assay room will be found 
the assay scales made by Rittenhouse. 

Turning into Walnut Street, at Eighteenth, 
we pass on the left Rittenhouse Square (3.8), 


David Rittenhouse served as First Director (1792 to 1795). 


the name of Rittenhouse in Philadelphia 
having long become symbolic for all that is 
elegant, fashionable, and aristocratic in resi- 
dential life. 

At the Drexel Institute (4.7), on Chest- 
nut Street at Thirty-second, we stop long 
enough to see in the museum on the first 
floor, to the right on entrance, a Rittenhouse 
Clock, made for a citizen of colonial Phila- 
delphia, the gift of Mrs. George W. Childs 
in 1896. The case is an example of eight- 
eenth century cabinet work, following the 
lines of Chippendale’s designs; the works 
are by Rittenhouse, the “Philadelphia As- 
tronomer and Mathematician.” 

Not far from Drexel, in the Provost’s 
office in College Hall, University of Pennsyl- 
vania (4.9), where David Rittenhouse was 
appointed the first Professor of Astronomy 
in 1779, may be seen the first practical 
planetarium, or “orrery,” invented by Ritten- 
house, and constructed to show the move- 
ments of the planets around the sun and 
of the satellites around their primaries. In 
the Library office is a large clock presented 


140 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 13—David Rittenhouse—First Practical Scientist—55.5 m. 





RITTENHOUSE’S “ORRERY,” UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 


The first professor of astronomy at the University (1779-1782), Rittenhouse invented the first practical 
planetarium showing the movements of planets and satellites. 


Mileage 

13.0 Harvey St.; turn right. 

13.7 Germantown Ave.; turn left. 

13.9 Gemantown Ave., north of Herman St., Mennonite Meeting House. Stop. Continue 
on Germantown Ave. to 

14.0 Tulpehocken St.; turn left. 14.5 Wayne Ave.; turn right. 

14.8 Lincoln Drive; turn right. 16.2 Allen Lane; turn right. 

16.6 Germantown Ave.; turn left. 

17.2. Bear left with trolley on Germantown Ave. 

18.1 Pass Bethlehem Pike, on right. 

19.8 Pass on right Whitemarsh Valley Country Club. 

20.6 Dead end; turn right. Barren Hill. 

22.6 Plymouth Meeting House. 

23.0 Pass under R.R. bridge. 

24.3. Trolley for Norristown leaves on left. 28.7 19th milestone. 

29.1. Road into Rittenhouse farm, Norriton; right. . A modern mansion now occupies the site 
of the old Rittenhouse farmhouse. 

29.4 Norriton Presbyterian Church. Built about 1698. Stop. Reverse on Germantown Road. 

32.8 Cross electric R.R. at grade. 

141 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 13—David Rittenhouse—First Practical Scientist—55.5 m. 


aka ae 
oa we 





BIRTHPLACE OF DAVID RITTENHOUSE—BUILT 1707 


A mile and a half up Lincoln Drive, set deep below the level of the road, is the humble stone house in 
which in 1732 David Rittenhouse was born. : 


to the University by David Rittenhouse. In 
Houston Hall, adjoining the Library, will 
be found a portrait of David Rittenhouse, 
painted by Charles Willson Peale in 1772, 
with the inscription: Professor of Astron- 
omy, 1779-1782; Vice Provost, 1780-1782; 
Trustee, 1782-1796. 

A pleasant ride through Fairmount Park 
by way of the East River Drive brings us 
soon to the entrance (9.2) to Laurel Hill 
Cemetery (on Hunting Park Avenue), where 
on a lofty ridge in North Laurel Hill, in a 
spot commanding a view of rare beauty, 
among other illustrious dead, is found, 
marked by a simple slab, the grave of David 
Rittenhouse (9.6), removed here from the 
old Pine Street Presbyterian churchyard in 
1878. 

Driving up Ridge Road to the foot of 
old Indian Queen Lane, in a short walk up 
the steep street, we come, on the right, to 


“Plush Hill,” where far back from the street, 
on the brow of an unimproved knoll, stands 
the country mansion once belonging to Pro- 
vost William Smith (10.4). It was Dr. 
Smith, then Provost of the College of Phila- 
delphia, who paid David Rittenhouse for 
the orrery now at the University, by the pro- 
ceeds of a course of lectures he gave on 
astronomy. In this mansion Dr. Smith, 
David Rittenhouse, and Thomas Mifflin were 
dining the stormy night in April, 1790, when 
Franklin died. ‘Dr. Smith, stirred” by the 
thunderstorm then raging, wrote these lines: 
Cease, cease, ye clouds, your elemental strife! 
Why rage ye thus, as if to threaten life? 
Seek, seek no more to shake our souls with dread; 
What busy mortal told you, “Franklin’s Dead”? 
What though he yields at Jove’s imperious nod? 
With Rittenhouse he left his magic rod! 

A mile and a half up the enchanting Lin- 
coln Drive (12.7), set deep below the level 
of the present road, near the banks of the 


142 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 13—David Rittenhouse—First Practical Scientist—55.5 m. 





RITTENHOUSE’S GRAVE, LAUREL HILL 


In a spot of rare beauty overlooking the Schuylkill River a simple slab marks his last resting place. 


32.9 
35.4 
35.6 
36.6 
38.5 
39.5 
41.9 
42.8 
43.8 
46.5 
47.2 
47.9 
48.8 
50.8 
Sil 
54.6 
54.8 
55.3 
55.4 
20.5 


Norristown Pike; turn right; merges into DeKalb St., Norristown. 
Cross Main St., Norristown. 

Cross bridge; pass through Bridgeport. 

Turn left onto cross-road to Montgomery Pike. 

Turn left onto Gulph Road, which merges into Montgomery Ave. 
Pass “Overhanging Rock.”’ 

Distant view of Bryn Mawr College, left. 

Bryn Mawr Station, right; Baldwin School; left. 

Merion Cricket Club; left. 

Old Merion Meeting House. 

Fork; keep right on Old Lancaster Road. 

City Line Ave.; turn right. 

Cross R.R. bridge; turning left immediately into 63rd St. 

Cross Market St. 

Walnut St.; turn left. 

2ord St., turn left. 

Chestnut St.; turn right. 

16th St.; turn left. 

Market St.; turn right. 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


143 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 13—David Rittenhouse—First Practical Scientist—55.5 m. 





COUNTRY HOME OF PROVOST SMITH 


On Queen Lane is the house where Rittenhouse, ‘Thomas 
Mifflin and Dr. Smith received the news of Franklin’s death. 


little paper-mill stream, still stands the 
humble but enduring old stone house built 
in 1707 in which David Rittenhouse was 
born in 1732. William Rittenhouse, the 
great grandfather of David Rittenhouse, was 
one of the first settlers of Germantown, the 
first Mennonite preacher in Pennsylvania, 
and owner of the first paper mill in the 
country, which he built in 1690. 

Coming out on Germantown Avenue, 
above Herman Street, we pass the Mennonite 
Meeting House (13.9), successor of the orig- 
inal log-house put up in 1708, where David 
Rittenhouse’s great grandfather officiated as 
first pastor. The Rittenhouse tombstone is 
conspicuous near the entrance. 

The admirer of David Rittenhouse, with 
adequate time, will enjoy completing this trip 
by continuing the length of Germantown 
Road to the little settlement of Norriton in 
the far outskirts of Norristown, where David 
Rittenhouse lived as a boy on his father’s 
farm, and developed untutored much of his 
mathematical and astronomical genius. 
Nearly a half mile beyond the nineteenth 
milestone (28.7), we drive up to the “modern 
mansion,” on the right, that now crowns the 
knoll and occupies the site of the old Ritten- 
house farmhouse (29.1). Nothing is left of 
the original house but the date-stone (1749), 
and some of the gorgeous boxwood hedge 
that tradition says was planted by Franklin. 
Here, however, was the Rittenhouse farm, 
and here was the scene of Rittenhouse’s ob- 


servation of the transit of Venus in 1769, 
memorable partly because the transit did not 
recur until 1874, and partly because Ritten- 
house did his work so well with a telescope 
and other instruments made by his own 
hands. The Royal Astronomer of England 
placed Rittenhouse among the greatest as- 
tronomers of the world, saying: “The first 
approximately accurate results in the meas- 
urements of the spheres were given to the 
world, not by the schooled and _ salaried 
astronomers who watched from the mag- 
nificent observatories of Europe, but by un- 
paid amateurs and devotees to science in the 
youthful province of Pennsylvania.” And 
that must have given great satisfaction to 
3enjamin Franklin, who was also present 
and assisted Rittenhouse on this occasion. 

A quarter of a mile beyond the farm is 
the old Norriton Presbyterian Church 
(29.4), believed to have been built in 1698, 
where Rittenhouse and Franklin sometimes 
attended services together. The surround- 
ing graveyard holds more than one curious 
tombstone. 

The drive back to the city through busy 
Norristown (where at the west corner 
of the Court House is a monument to David 
Rittenhouse), along the historic Gulph 
Road, and through the loveliness of the 
main line, awakens grateful reflections over 
the inspiring inheritance bequeathed later 
generations by such forefathers as David 
Rittenhouse. 





NORRITON PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 


1698 


Near by is the Rittenhouse farm where Rittenhouse and 
Franklin observed the transit of Venus in 1769. 


144 


Route 14—F itch and Fulton and the First Steamboats 





SCHUYLKILL RIVER AT MARKET STREET—BIRTHPLACE OF STEAM NAVIGATION 


From the floating bridge at Market Street, along the river to Gray’s Ferry, in 1785, John Fitch ran suc- 
cessfully the first experimental steamboat, which carried 20 passengers. 





FITCH’S FIRST PASSENGER STEAMBOAT A RELIC OF THE FIRST STEAMBOAT 
Between Trenton and Philadelphia in 1788 John Fitch This iron balance whee! of Fitch’s steamboat is now in 
operated the first passenger steamboat service in the Congress Hall, Sixth and Chestnut Streets. Fitch solicited 
world. Writing to David Rittenhouse in 1792, he said: aid from Congress in vain, although a number of Con- 
“This, sir, will be the mode of crossing the Atlantic in gressmen made the demonstration trip with him to 
time, whether I shall bring it to perfection or not.” Trenton. 


145 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 14—F itch and Fulton and the First Steamboats—49.5 m. 


Beginning at the Market Street Bridge across the Schuylkill River, the scene of the epoch-making experi- 
ment by John Fitch in which steam was first successfully applied to navigation, this trip leads to the few 


tangible memorials of Fitch and Fulton still existing in and about Philadelphia. 


Continuing along the Dela- 


ware River front past the spot where was operated by John Fitch the first passenger steamboat ever in service 
in the world, the route affords opportunity to visit Cramp’s Ship Yard, Philadelphia’s world famous ship- 
building industry, and ends in an exhilarating drive through Hatboro to the ancient church of Neshaminy, 


ever memorable for associations with John Fitch. 


OHN FITCH first applied steam to navi- 
gation .in the city of Philadelphia in 
the year 1785, when he ran an experimental 
steamboat to Gray’s Ferry from the floating 
bridge which at that time led across the 
Schuylkill river at Market Street. 

Go first to the Market Street bridge at the 
Schuylkill (0.8), where neither stone nor 
statue marks the scene of this epoch-making 
experiment. Read there, however, Rem- 
brandt Peale’s vivid description of what once 


ROBERT FULTON’S PHILADELPHIA HOME 


On Second Street, between Chestnut and Sansom, once 
stood the house in which Fulton was apprentice to a watch- 
maker, 





took place at this historic spot: “In the 
spring of 1785, hearing there was something 
curious to be seen at the floating bridge on 
the Schuylkill at Market Street, I eagerly 
ran to the spot, where I found a few persons 
collected and eagerly gazing at a shallop at 
anchor below the bridge with about 20 per- 
sons on board. On the deck was a small 
furnace, and machinery connected with a 
coupling crank, projecting over the stern to 
give motion to three or four paddles, re- 
sembling snow shovels, which hung into the 
water. When all was ready, and the power 
of steam was made to act, by means of 
which I was then ignorant, knowing nothing 
of the piston except in the common pump, 
the paddles began to work, pressing against 
the water backward as they rose, and the 
boat, to my great delight, moved against the 
tide, without wind or hand, but in a few 
minutes it ran aground at an angle of the 
river, owing to the difficulty of managing the 
unwieldy rudder, which projected eight or 
ten feet. It was soon backed off and pro- 
ceeded slowly to its destination at Gray’s 
Ferry. So far it must have been satisfac- 
tory to Mr. Fitch in this his first public 
experiment.” 

At the Philadelphia Library Company, 
Juniper and Locust Streets (2.3), midway on 
the western wall of the rear reading-room, 
we find a sketch of the house in which 
Robert Fulton was an apprentice to a watch- 
maker, on Second Street above Walnut. 
This house once stood near the northeast 
corner of Gray’s Alley and Second Street. 
In the Philadelphia directory for 1785 
Robert Fulton is set down as a miniature 
painter at the corner of Second and Walnut 
Streets, which sugyests that he as well as 
Rembrandt Peale was an eyewitness of . 
Fitch’s experiment on the Schuylkill, made 
in that same year. Reared and educated in 


146 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 14—F itch and Fulton and the First Steamboats—49.5 m. 





Driving time about 3 hrs. 30 min. Additional time required will be dependent on whether arrangements 
are made for visiting Cramp’s Ship Yard. A minimum hour can profitably be divided as follows: Historical 
Society of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia Library Company, 20 min.; Ridgway Library, 10 min.; Congress 
Hall, 10 min.; Presbyterian Church of Neshaminy, 20 min. For full details see “‘Descriptive Itinerary.” 


Mileage 


0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, west side. Go west on Market St. 

0.8 Middle of Market St. Bridge across the Schuylkill River. Reverse to 

Bue idiot tur right. 1.4 .Spruce St.; turn deft. -2:2 13th St.: turn left. 

2.3 Locust and 13th Sts., southwest corner, Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Turn left. 
Stop. Visit also Philadelphia Library Company, northwest corner, Juniper and 
Locust Sts. 2.4 Juniper St.; turn left. 

Zoe ine ot. turn right. 2.6 Broad St.; turn left. 

3.0 Christian St.; turn left. Stop; visit Ridgway Library, Broad and Christian Sts. 

4.3 Delaware Ave.; turn left. Municipal Pier No. 40, International Steamship Lines. 

5.1) Walnut St.; turn left. 

5.2 Walnut and 2nd Sts., northeast corner, old Krider gun shop, where Robert Fulton lived 
in 1785. 

5.6 5th St.; turn right. Stop; walk to Congress Hall, southeast corner, 6th and Chestnut 
Sts. Continue on 5th St. 

5.9 Arch St.; turn right (Franklin’s grave on right). (At 6.2 pass Betsy Ross House on left.) 

6.4 Delaware Ave. and Arch St.; turn left. Just south of Arch St., No. 3 N. Wharves, 
Dolphin Line to Burlington and Trenton. 

6.5 Bush Line (Pier 10) to Wilmington. 6.8 Municipal Pier No. 19. 


ont Then Ge we, MATES, Ser tea are PIS EE O77? GLh27 = 
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Whe Criliveyp lation Sorcurieng Letras ae 


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2LAL 990 fi Aw Put 


FROM FITCH’S MANUSCRIPT BOOKS IN THE RIDGWAY LIBRARY 
147 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 14—Fitch and Fulton and the First Steamboats—49.5 m. 





ROBERT FULTON’S PORTRAIT IN INDEPENDENCE HALL 


This painting of the successful inventor and builder of 

the Clermont, which first ran on the Hudson in 1807, is by 
Charles Willson Peale. 
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, buried in Trinity 
churchyard, New York, Fulton was appren- 
ticed in early life to a silversmith in Phila- 
delphia, and in Philadelphia doubtless re- 
ceived his first suggestions and stimulation 
regarding steamboat making. Watson, the 
annalist, who has done more than any man 
to preserve the memory and achievements 
of Fitch, says: “Though it was reserved 
for Fulton to advance its application to a 
degree of perfection which has made his 
name immortal, yet to the unfortunate Fitch 
belongs the honor of completing and navi- 
gating the first American steamboat.” 

Go south on Broad Street to the Ridg- 
way Library, at Broad and Christian Streets 
(3.0), where now may be seen the curious 
and fascinating Fitch manuscript books in 
five volumes, bequeathed by the inventor to 
the Philadelphia Library Company sealed, 
with the injunction that they were not to 
be opened until thirty years after his death 
(1798), and were never to be lent out of 
the institution without a pledge of £500 for 
their safe return. In these manuscripts the 
facts of Fitch’s life are set forth with great 


frankness and vividness. Writing Dr. 
Franklin in 1785, Fitch said: “Steamboat 
navigation is, in the opinion of the sub- 
seriber, a matter of the first magnitude, not 
only to the United States, but to every mari- 
time power in the world, and he is full in the 
belief that it will answer for sea voyages, 
as well as for inland navigation.” 

Going east on Christian Street to Dela- 
ware Avenue, we soon see on the river front 
ample evidence of the abundant fulfillment 
of Fitch’s hopeful prophecy. The great 
Municipal Piers Nos. 38 and 40, at Chris- 
tian Street wharf (4.3), in use for interna- 
tional steamship service, may remind us of 
what Fitch said to David Rittenhouse, in a 
letter dated June, 1792: “This, sir, will be 
the mode of crossing the Atlantic in time, 
whether I shall bring it to perfection or 
not.” 

The whole drive along Delaware Avenue, 
from Christian Street to Cramp’s shipyard, 
is fascinating for its glimpses of the great 
developments in ships and shipping since the 
days of Fitch. In his dark days, when his 
project had failed, but failed only for the 
lack of funds, Fitch said to one of his 
friendly workmen: “Tf I shall not live to see 
it, you may, when steamboats will be pre- 
ferred to all other means of conveyance, and 
especially for passengers; and they will be 
particularly useful in the navigation of the 
Ohio and the Mississippi.” It was Fitch who 
first proved their usefulness on the Delaware. 

Diverging out Walnut Street, at the north- 
east corner of Walnut and Second Streets 
(5.1), we pass the old Krider gunshop, in 
which some local historians believe Robert 
Fulton lived when he engaged in miniature 
painting in 1785. North of this house, on 
the east side, beyond what was once Gray’s 
Alley, is the site of the yellow frame house 
where Fulton was apprentice to a watch- 
maker. ~ 

At Congress Hall, southeast corner of 
Chestnut and Sixth Streets (5.6), on the east 
stairway to the second floor, high on the 
wall, may be seen an iron balance wheel 
from John Fitch’s first steamboat. Fitch 
came to Philadelphia in June, 1785, and laid 
his models before Congress, but hoped in 


148 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 14—F itch and Fulton and the First Steamboats—49.5 m. 





© Aerograph by Aero Service Corporation 
CRAMP’S SHIPYARD ON THE DELAWARE 


Philadelphia’s greatest boat building industry has earned for the Delaware the title of “the Clyde 


Mileage 


hk 
7.6 
8.1 
8.3 


8.3 

9.2 
10.5 
10.9 
18.8 
20.5 
FE e A 
24.6 
24.6 
28.2 
30.0 
38.6 
40.6 
42.8 
49.5 


of America.” 


Penn Boulevard; bear left. Terminal Warehouse and Transfer Co., on left. 
Fork; bear left on Penn Boulevard. (At 7.7 pass on right Penn Treaty Park.) 
Bear left on Richmond St. 

I. P. Morris Co., on left; on right, Richmond and Norris Sts., entrance to Cramp’s Ship- 
yard (Wm. Cramp & Sons Ship and Eng. Building Co.). Stop. 

Continue left on Norris St. 

Front St.; bear left under Frankford “‘L,”’ keeping on Norris St. 

Broad St.; turn right. 

Bear left onto York Road. 13.8 Bear left. 

Willow Grove. 18.9 Take right fork, continuing on York Road. 

Hatboro. 22.1 Upper limit of Hatboro. 22.3 Cross line into Bucks County. 
York and Street Roads; tablet commemorating John Fitch. 

Presbyterian Church of Neshaminy. Founded 1710. 

Reverse on York Road to 26.1 Street Road; turn right. 

Pass Neshaminy Creek. 28.8 Doylestown Pike; turn left. 

Montgomery County Road; turn right. 36.6 Bear left. 38.3 Glenside. 
Cross tracks at Glenside Sta. 39.5 Fork; turn left. 

Limekiln Pike, northwest limit of Philadelphia. 42.3 Stenton Ave.; turn left. 
York Road; turn right. 43.6 Bear right onto Broad St. 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


149 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 14—Fitch and Fulton and the First Steamboats—49.5 m. 





1710 


PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NESHAMINY, 


The pastor of this church was John Fitch’s best friend when 
he first began experimenting on a pond at Hatboro. 


vain for government aid. In his manuscript 
he says: “Although I knew that the thought 
of applying steam to boats had been known 
before, yet I was the first that ever ex- 
hibited a plan to the public—when, there- 
fore, I had shown it to General Washington, 
I felt all the elation and hope of expecta- 
tion.” A number of Congressmen made the 
demonstration trip with Fitch to Trenton 
but Washington apparently did not accom- 
pany them. 

Reaching Delaware Avenue again, at 
Arch Street wharf (6.4), recall that the 
first steamboat to run on the Delaware River 
was run to Trenton by John Fitch in Octo- 
ber, 1788. The little boat, propelled by 
paddles, ran to Burlington, N. J., and then 
to Trenton, the rate of speed being eight 
miles an hour, and the return trip being 
made the same day. This was the first pas- 
senger steamboat service in the world. 

The Delaware River front above Market 
Street may awaken interest as the earliest 
home of the shipbuilding industry, although 
as early as 1797 Joshua Humphries built 
warships for the United States in the ship- 
yard at the front of Federal Street, after- 
wards the site of the old United States Navy 
Yard, established there in 1800. After many 
decades of shipbuilding that earned for the 
Delaware the title of the “Clyde of Amer- 
ica,” the one notable boat-building industry 





150 


to continue existence until the present day 
is that of William Cramp and Sons (The 
William Cramp and Sons Ship and Engine 
Building Company), founded in 1830. 
Cramp’s Shipyard (the main entrance to 
which is at Richmond and Norris Streets) 
(8.3), birthplace of sea-fighters and seadogs, 
notable the world over for its achievements 
in naval and in merchant marine, is one of 
the sights of the city and a monument to 
the part Philadelphia has played in the prog- 
ress of ships and shipping since the days of 
Fitch and Fulton. 

On reaching Broad Street (10.5), if time 
admits, this trip should be completed by 
continuing north over old York Road (10.9), 
through Willow Grove (18.8), and Hatboro 
(20.5), to York and Street Roads (23.2), a 
little over a mile beyond the upper limit of 
Hatboro, where a tablet by the roadside 
bears an inscription stating that “John Fitch 
here conceived the idea of the first steam- 
boat with sidewheels on a pond below Davis- 
ville in 1785.” Fitch came to Warminster 
township, Bucks County, during the Revo- 
lutionary War, having been driven out of 
Trenton by the British occupation. Here he 
worked at his invention in the wheelwright 
shop of one Jacobus Scouter. 

A mile and a half further along on the 
old York Road is the historic Presbyterian 
Church of Neshaminy (24.6), founded in 
1710, where Fitch frequently went to hear 
“the worthy Nathaniel Irwin,” the Presby- 
terian minister at Neshaminy, to whom he 
dedicated his memoirs now in the Ridgway 
Branch of the Philadelphia Library, and 
from whom he received appreciation and 
encouragement. In the vestibule of the 
church is a tablet perpetuating the name of 
Nathaniel Irwin and the other early min- 
isters, including the Rev. William Tennent, 
founder of the famous “Log college.” In 
the old church was once preserved one of 
Surveyor Fitch’s maps, said to be “engraved 
in a wheelwright shop,” and “printed on a 
cider press,’ by the author. 

Fitch died in 1798 in Kentucky. The 
annalist Watson in vain made strenuous 
efforts to have his body brought back and 
buried in Laurel Hill Cemetery. 


Route 15—Benjamin West—The Quaker Artist 


BENJAMIN WEST (1738-1820) 


Painted by Matthew Pratt, one of West’s distinguished pupils, this charming youthful portrait of the 
artist is possessed by the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. 





DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 15—Benjamin West—The Quaker Artist—27.6 m. 





An exceptionally pleasant afternoon may be spent in and about Philadelphia reviving memories of the 


great Quaker artist Benjamin West. 


Besides opportunities to see some of West’s masterpieces, this trip 


includes a visit to the house in which West was born (1738), still standing on the grounds of Swarthmore 


College. 





HE memory of Benjamin West, long 

full of inspiration for ambitious Amer- 
ican youth, is vividly cherished in Phila- 
delphia by the reverent preservation of many 
of his most notable paintings. 

At the Academy of Fine Arts, Broad and 
Cherry Streets (0.1), see first West’s heroic 
canvas “Death on the Pale Horse.” High 
over the great staircase it hangs, dominat- 
ing the entrance. Nearby, on the south wall, is 
West’s “Paul and Barnabas before Lystra.” 
In the great alcove fronting on Broad Street, 
on the north wall, is West’s “Christ Re- 
jected,” painted when he was nearly eighty. 
It is easy to poke fun at West; Byron once 
spoke of him as “West, Europe’s worst daub, 
and England’s best.” But one appreciative 
critic has said: “Posterity will see him in his 
merits as well as his defects; will regard him 
as a great artist, whose powers place him 
high in the scale of elevated art ; whose pen- 
cil has maintained with dignity the historic 
pretentions of his age, and whose best com- 
positions would do honor to any school or 
any country.” West won his greatest honors 
as historical painter to George III. 

Before leaving the Academy, inspect on 
the north wall of Gallery B the striking por- 
trait of West by Matthew Pratt, one of 
West’s ablest pupils. Distinguished among 
West’s students in London were Charles 
Willson Peale, Gilbert Stuart, Thomas Sully, 
Washington Allston, and even Samuel F. B. 
Morse, whose greatest fame came afterwards 
through invention of the telegraph. 

Matthew Pratt’s Mrs. Benjamin West will 
serve to recall a pretty romance from real 
life in colonial days. Elizabeth Shewell in 
1765 set sail from Chester to become the 
bride of Benjamin West, then in London and 
destined never to return to America. They 
were married 9 mo., 2, 1765. Bishop White 
has been quoted as authority for the story 
“that he (then eighteen years of age) and 
Dr. Franklin (about fifty-nine years of age) 
and Francis Hopkins (twenty-nine years of 





MRS. BENJAMIN WEST 


Painted by Matthew Pratt, who accompanied Elizabeth 
Shewell on the romantic voyage to London that ended in 
her becoming the wife of the artist. 


age), when the vessel was ready to sail, 
procured a rope ladder, went to the captain, 
engaged him to set sail as soon as they 
brought a lady on board, took John West 
(the artist’s father) to the ship, and went at 
midnight to Stephen Shewell’s house, at- 
tached the rope ladder to a window in Eliz- 
abeth Shewell’s chamber, and got her safely 
out and to the vessel, which sailed a few 
minutes after she entered it.” All this, tra- 
dition says, to circumvent an obdurate 
brother. 

In the Old City Hall, southwest corner 
of Chestnut and Fifth Streets (1.3), is pre- 
served (See Route 6), West’s own replica of 
his “Penn’s Treaty with the Indians.” 
Painted for the Penn family nearly a cen- 
tury after the event it commemorates, the 
picture is not accurate. Penn was an athletic 
young man of thirty-eight when he made 


152 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 15—Benjamin West—The Quaker Artist—27.6 m. 


Driving time about 2 hrs. 15 min. If attention is devoted exclusively to West, an hour and a quarter 
additional will prove adequate to inspect the scattered masterpieces and relics of the great artist: Academy 
of Fine Arts, 15 min.; Old City Hall, 5 min.; Pennsylvania Hospital, 10 min.; Historical Society of Pennsyl- 
vania, 30 min.; Swarthmore College, 15 min. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.” 


Mileage 
0.0 
0.1 


0.2 
0.9 
1.2 
ES 
1.4 
be/ 
2.1 


2:5 
Bet 
2.8 
4.3 
5.8 


PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, north side. Go north on Broad St. 

Broad and Cherry Sts., Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Stop. Continue on 
Broad St. to 

Race St.; turn right. 

6th St.; turn right. 

Chestnut St., turn left. 

5thand Chestnut Sts., southwest corner, Old City Hall. Stop. Continue on Chestnut St. to 
4th St.; turn right. 

Pine St.; turn right. 

8th St. and Pine. Stop; walk north on 8th St. to main entrance of the Pennsylvania 
Hospital. Continue on Pine St. to 

13th St.; turn right. 

Locust and 13th Sts., Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Stop. Continue to 
Walnut St.; turn left. 

Straight through on Walnut St. 

49th St.; turn left. 





WEST’S “CHRIST HEALING THE SICK” 


Painted especially for the Pennsylvania Hospital, this masterpiece was once used as a source of revenue. 


153 


‘uoptsoid AresOUOY }S1Y S}T JO SBAUBD J1019Y4 Pa}eIge[sd SUC] Sy} SUMO Sj4y oUTY JO Awaproy oy 


«ASUOH AIVd AHL NO HLVAG,, S.LSHM 





MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 15—Benjamin West—The Quaker Artist—27.6 m. 





BIRTHPLACE OF BENJAMIN WEST—BUILT IN 1724 


On Swarthmore College Campus stands the house in which West was born in 1738. 
Mileage 


6.3 Baltimore Ave.; turn right, following trolley. 

13.4 Chester Road; turn left. 13.8 Bear left. 

14.2 Birthplace of Benjamin West (1738—1820), on Swarthmore College Campus. Stop. 

14.2 Reverse on Chester Road. 

14.6 Turn left on Swarthmore Avenue. 14.7 Turn right. 

14.8 Baltimore Pike; jog right and immediately left onto Chester Road; sharp curve, down 
steep grade, crossing (caution) over trolley line at 15.1. 

16.6 Cross State Road. 

16.9 Springfield Meeting House, adjoining Marple. 

17.0 Springfield road; turn right. A short distance to the left on this road is the historic 
Lamb Tavern, 1747. 

17.2. State Road; turn left. 20.6 Cross Lansdowne Ave. 20.8 Cross R.R. track. 

21.6 West Chester Pike; turn right with trolley. 

22.1 Cross trolley tracks; 69th St. Terminal. 

22.9 63rd and Market Sts.; turn right. 

23.20 Walnut St.> turn lett: 

26.7 23rd St.; turn left. 26.9 Chestnut St.; turn right. 

27.4 16th St.; turn left. 

27.5 Market St.; turn right. 

27.6 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


155 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 15—Benjamin West—The Quaker Artist—27.6 m. 


his treaty, and doubtless was dressed in very 
different fashion. One of the group of 
Friends attendant on Penn in the painting 
is a portrait of West’s grandfather. The 
gigantic “treaty tree,” blown down in 1810, 
is not represented in the painting, but was 
well known to West, who refers to it in an 
historic letter: “This tree, which was held 
in highest veneration by the original inhab- 
itants of my native country, by the first set- 
tlers, and by their descendants, and to which 
I well remember, about the year 1755, whena 
boy, often resorting with my school-fellows.” 

In Independence Hall nearby (1.3), in the 
‘Banquet Hall, is preserved another specimen 
of West’s artistic skill, a colorful portrait 
of James Hamilton, long attributed to West’s 
distinguished pupil, Matthew Pratt. 

At the Pennsylvania Hospital (2.1), on 
the first floor of the administrative building, 
open to visitors and reached by the main 
gateway on Eighth Street below Spruce, is 
West’s masterpiece, “Christ Healing the 
Sick,” painted especially for this institution. 
Some thirty beds were established from sub- 
scriptions received for viewing this picture. 
It is West’s replica of his original belonging 
to the Royal Academy at London. Haw- 
thorne once said of this painting: “If Ben- 
jamin West had done no other good deed 
than this, yet it would have been enough to 
entitle him to an honorable remembrance 
forever.” Under glass in the corridor is a 
life-like reproduction of West’s hand hold- 
ing one of the original brushes that he used. 
In the assembly hall on the first floor, east 
wall, is an autograph letter by West. 

Stopping at the Historical Society of 
Pennsylvania (2.7), one may inspect the por- 
traits of Mr. and Mrs. William Henry, Mrs. 
Thomas Hopkinson, and Provost William 
Smith, identified as “William Smith as St. 
Ignatius,”—all important as early works of 
Benjamin West, painted before his departure 
for Europe and before he was twenty-one 
years of age. The full-length portrait of 
William Hamilton, of Woodlands, and his 
niece, Ann Hamilton Lyle, is regarded by 
some critics as the most beautiful canvas of 
Benjamin West in Philadelphia. It hangs 
over the fireplace in the great Hall. 


Nowhere on either side of the Atlantic can 
be found in single ownership so complete a 
collection of souvenirs and relics of West as 
is possessed by the Historical Society of 
Pennsylvania. Besides other West portraits, 
the Historical Society owns two sketch books 
containing 110 drawings by West; the re- 
ceipt for his funeral expenses in 1820 (£696) ; 
some 300 letters in West’s handwriting, em- 
bracing correspondence with royalty, noble- 
men, and scientific men on both sides of the 
Atlantic; West’s collection of autographs ; 
and the West family Bible. 

Going to the campus of Swarthmore Col- 
lege (14.2), we find still standing the house 
in which Benjamin West was born October 
10, 1738. This home of West’s childhood 
conjures up the days when the ambitious and 
ingenious Quaker lad made paint brushes of 
hair from a cat’s tail and mixed his colors 
from pigments begged from the Indians. 
Here too we recall how the proud Quaker 
mother once bent over the artistic boy of 
seven to kiss him for his prowess in putting 
on paper the smiling baby face of his sister’s 
sleeping child, and how years afterwards 
West testified, “My mother’s kiss made me 
an artist.”” Swarthmore College owns sev- 
eral canvases by West and plans to use the 
birthplace for its art department. 

On Chester Road, adjoining Marple, is 
the old Springfield Meeting House and 
graveyard (16.9). The original building has 
been replaced, but we may recall that here 
once appeared Benjamin West’s father to 
appeal for Quaker approval for young 
West’s inspiration for art. The plea was so 
eloquent and so ably seconded by Friend 
Williamson, it is said, that the meeting en- 
dorsed the young artist’s aspiration, the 
women kissing the lad, the men laying their 
hands on his head and praying for a bless- 
ing on his life and work. West was sixteen 
when this happened. At twenty-two he left 
his native land for Europe, and lived to be- 
come the greatest historical painter of his 
age, as well as a founder and President of 
the Royal Academy, succeeding Sir Joshua 
Reynolds. He died in 1820 in London, and 
was buried with great pomp in St. Paul’s 
Cathedral. 


156 


Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters 








STAIRCASE TO THE DORMITORY TERRACE—UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1925 





The College Building Dormitories and Charity Schoo 


THE ORIGINAL COLLEGE BUILDING, 1740 


At Fourth and Arch Streets stood the institution from which the University of Pennsylvania ultimate!y 
sprang. The building at the right is a dormitory of 1762. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters—27.1 m. 





No one should fail to enjoy a visit to the old educational institutions of Philadelphia. With the exception 
of the Germantown Academy, founded in 1760, all the old schools have outgrown and outlived their original 


sites and their original buildings. 


But each school has some historic treasures of exceptional interest— 


paintings, books, or relics relating to distinguished students or to faculty. In this trip opportunity is given to 
identify all the important buildings of the University of Pennsylvania, which should be inspected in detail 


later at leisure. As a mere outing this route is unique. 





[2 every section of Philadelphia is found 
ample evidence of the progress of public 
and private education since the birth of the 
nation. First begun in 1818, the public 
school system has shown remarkable growth 
and development. The present trip, how- 
ever, is confined exclusively to the oldest 
representative educational institutions of the 
city. 

The first building of the Philadelphia 
Central High School, a public school founded 
by act of Legislature in 1836, stood from 
1838 until 1854 on Juniper Street above 
Chestnut (0.0), and faced Penn Square, on 
a site now included in the Wanamaker Store. 
The first president of the Central High 
School was Alexander Dallas Bache, great- 
grandson of Benjamin Franklin; the first 
name on the student-roll of the school is that 
of William M. Abbey, father of the distin- 
guished artist, Edwin A. Abbey. 

On Twelfth Street below Market, adjoin- 
ing the Friends’ Meeting House, is the build- 
ing erected in 1874 for the William Penn 
Charter School (0.3), in continuous exist- 
ence since its founding in 1689. Penn 
Charter removed to a suburban location on 
School Lane, Germantown, in September, 
1925. 

At the northeast corner of Fourth and 
Arch Streets (1.2) still stands the provost’s 
house, occupied by the enterprising Dr. 
William Smith, first head (1754) of the 
“Academy and College of Philadelphia,” 
founded by Franklin, and later developed 
into the University of Pennsylvania. 

On Fourth Street below Arch, west side, 
on a site approached by a narrow way ad- 
joining No. 62 North Fourth Street (1.3), 
stood the building originally built in 1740 
for the famous evangelist Whitefield, and de- 
signed “for public worship and a charity 
school.” Here in 1751 was formally opened 
the city academy and charitable school, sug- 


gested by Franklin in his famous pamphlet, 
“Proposals relating to the Education of 
Youth in Pennsylvania,” and for the estab- 
lishment and support of which Franklin 
raised large subscriptions. 

In 1754 this institution was enlarged and 
named “The College, Academy, and Char- 
itable School of Philadelphia.” In 1779, by 
annulment of its charter and confiscation of 
its property, the “college” became “the uni- 
versity.” In 1789 the legislature restored 
the franchises of the College of Philadelphia, 
which was revived and reorganized as a sepa- 
rate institution, but in two years, by act of 
Legislature, September 30, 1791, the college 
and the new university were reunited, and 
thereafter known as the University of Penn- 
sylvania. A manuscript letter of Richard 
Peters of 1753 speaks of the academy having 
sixty-five boys from the neighboring col- 
onies. Francis Hopkinson, a signer of the 
Declaration of Independence, and Dr. John 
Morgan, founder of the first medical school 
in the United States, were in the first grad- 
uating class, 1757. Charles Thomson, first 
Secretary of Congress, was an early teacher 
in the academy. A tablet on the north wall 
of the alley marks the site. 

At Ninth and Market Streets, southwest 
corner (1.8), we pass the site of the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania from 1802 until 1872, 
when the university was removed to its 
present location in West Philadelphia. In 
1800 the university bought the so-called 
“President’s house,” which stood in Ninth 
Street below Market and was offered to 
Washington as a residence during his presi- 
dency. This building was occupied from 
1802 until 1829. 

At Broad and Vine Streets, northeast 
corner (2.7), is the first Catholic High 
School for Boys; established in 1886, 
through the munificence of Thomas E. 
Cahill. 


158 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters—27.1 m. 





Driving time about 3 hrs. Two additional hours can be profitably spent in stops. The division of the 
additional time will be determined largely by one’s personal interests. Opportunity should be taken on this 


trip to inspect the University Museum and its celebrated Babylonian collection. For full details see ‘‘Descrip- 
tive Itinerary.” 





M.:leage 


0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. Go east on South Penn Square. 

0.0 Juniper St.; turn right. The Wanamaker Store, facing upon Penn Square, includes the 
site of the first Philadelphia Central High School building, 1838-1854. 

Pdmenrectnutot.; turn left. 0.1 13th st.; turn left. 

0.2 Market St.;turnright. 0.2 12th St.; turn right. 

0.3 No. 8 South 12th St., from 1874 to 1925 occupied by the William Penn Charter School 
(1689), now removed to Germantown. 

0.3 Chestnut St.; turn left. 0.4 11th St.; turn left. 0.7 Arch St.; turn right. 

1.2 Fifth and Arch Sts., southeast corner; grave of Franklin, founder of the University of 
Pennsylvania. 

1.2 4th and Arch Sts., northeast corner, home of Dr. William Smith. Turn right on 4th St. 

1.3 No. 62 North 4th St., tablet on north wall of alley way, marking site of the Philadel- 
phia Academy and College, afterwards the University of Pennsylvania. 

1.4 Market St.; turn right. 

1.8 9th and Market Sts., southwest corner (U.S. Post-office), site of University of Penn- 
sylvania, 1802-1872. 

Pees beawticnt around City Hallto 2.3 Broad’St.: turn right. 





“PRESIDENTIAL MANSION’—USED BY THE UNIVERSITY, 1802-1829 


It stood on Ninth below Market adjoining other buildings of the University of Pennsylvania, which occu- 
pied this site until 1872. 


159 


DESCRIPTIVE 


ITINERARY 


Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters—27.1 m. 


At the southeast corner of Broad and 
Green Streets stands the second building of 
the Philadelphia Central High School (3.0), 
opened in 1854; now used as an annex to the 
third building (3.1), at the southwest cor- 
ner, occupied in 1900. 

Founded in 1836, the Philadelphia Cen- 
tral High School was the first free public 
high school established outside of New Eng- 
land. In the thought of the founders this 
school was intended to be not a public high 
school as we now know and use the term, 
but a public school for higher education, the 
legislature in 1849 endowing the Board of 
Public Education with the power to confer 
academic degrees in the arts upon the grad- 
uates of the school, and with all the rights 
and privileges to confer degrees that are 
enjoyed by the University of Pennsylvania. 
In the Alumni Memorial Library on the first 
floor may be seen portraits and pictures and 
other mementos of a remarkable number 
of distinguished graduates, notable among 
whom were Frank R. Stockton, the novelist, 
and Elihu Thompson, scientist and inventor. 
In the Assembly Room, second floor, west 
side, are the Steel Memorial Window and the 
great pipe organ, the gift of Mr. William L. 
Austin. Here also is a portrait of Alexander 
Dallas Bache. In the president’s office is a 
visitors’ book, noteworthy for autographs 
of distinguished persons who have visited 
and inspected the school since 1840, includ- 
ing that of Thackeray. 

On School Lane, Germantown (11.1), is 
the new suburban site of the William Penn 
Charter School, founded 1689. 

First chartered by Penn in 1701, this old 
Friends’ Academy is still administered under 
Penn’s third charter, granted in 1711 in the 
name of “The Overseers of the Public School 
founded in Philadelphia, at the request, cost, 
and charges of the People of God called 
Quakers.” The first school building stood 
in Fourth Street below Chestnut for more 
than a century (1745-1867). Among the 
early distinguished masters was Robert 
Proud, the first historian of Pennsylvania, 
and Charles Thomson, afterwards the first 
Secretary of Congress. Thomas Makin, the 
second principal of the school, was granted 


the first teacher’s license in the State of 
Pennsylvania, for the assembly which met 
August 1, 1693, declared “that he must not 
keep school without a license,” and directed 
that he must “procure a certificate of his 
ability, learning and diligence from the in- 
habitants of note in this town by the six- 
teenth instant, in order to the obtaining of 
a license, which he promised to do.” 

At the southwest corner of School Lane 
and Green Street (12.0), one square west of 
Germantown Avenue, in its original build- 
ings on its original site, stands the German- 
town Academy, founded April 21, 1760. 

A part of the original weather vane, a 
crown represented on the royal insignia of 
England, still stands on the main building. 
The spire is pierced with bullets. In the 
belfry is the bell that came over in the 
famous tea-ship Polly, but was denied land- 
ing with the other cargo, and so was not 
put in place until after the Revolutionary 
War. After the Battle of Germantown the 
schoolhouse was used as a hospital for the 
wounded, and in 1798, during the plague of 
yellow fever in Philadelphia, the Banks of 
North America and of Pennsylvania took 
refuge in the Academy building. A relic 
treasured by the school is the telescope used 
by Washington at the battle of Germantown. 

Excepting a brief period during the Revo- 
lutionary War, this school has been in con- 
tinuous existence in the same building from 
its founding to the present day, most of the 
notable families of Germantown having been 
represented in the school either as trustees 
or as scholars. Notable among the early 
masters was Pelatiah Webster, a graduate of 
Yale College, whose remarkable “Disserta- 
tion on the Political Union of the Thirteen 
States of North America,” published in 1783, 
was used and followed by the framers of the 
Constitution of the United States, so that 
some historians now claim he may be justly 
called the inventor of our form of govern- 
ment. Bronson Alcott, father of Lotiisa M. 
Alcott, was also a master here. At No. 130 
West School Lane, immediately adjoining 
the Academy, and now used for the primary 
department, is the home of David J. Dove 
(12.0), built by him about 1766. Dove was 


160 


Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters—27.1 m. 





QUAKER ACADEMY, 1745-1867 


A tablet on the Forrest Building, No. 119 South Fourth Street, marks the site of the precursor of the 
present William Penn Charter School. 





WILLIAM PENN CHARTER SCHOOL—FOUNDED 1689 


In continuous existence over two centuries, this old institution is beginning a new era in its new suburban 
home on School Lane, Germantown. 


161 


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Mileage 
ty | 
3.0 
Si 


Sek 
3.4 
3.9 
4.2 
4.5 
8.6 
8.9 
10.4 
10.8 
Bist 


12.0 


12.1 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters—27.1 m. 


GERMANTOWN ACADEMY—FOUNDED 1760 


The only old school in Philadelphia that still occupies its original site and original buildings. 


Vine St. and Broad, northeast corner, first Catholic High School for Boys, 1886. 
Broad and Green Sts.; reverse to 
Philadelphia Central High School; occupied 1900. Stop. Directly opposite, southeast 
corner, Broad and Green Sts., is the second Central High School building, erected 1854. 
Spring Garden St.; turn right. 
Pass Philadelphia High School for Girls, 17th and Spring Garden Sts. 
23rd and Spring Garden Sts.; turn diagonally right onto Pennsylvania Ave. 
Turn left onto East River Drive. 
Fork at Lincoln Monument; bear left along Schuylkill River. 
Fork; bear right, leaving river; lake and reservoir on right. 
Pass under R. R. bridge onto Wissahickon Drive. 
Rittenhouse Lane; turn right. 10.6 Wissahickon Ave.; turn right. 
School Lane; turn right. 
Entrance to new William Penn Charter School; first opened here September, 1925. 
Stop. Reverse on School Lane to 
Greene St. and School Lane, southwest corner, Germantown Academy; founded 1760. 
Stop. Adjoining the Academy, No. 130 West School Lane, is the home of David J. 
Dove, built about 1766. 
Germantown Ave. (Main St.); turn left. 
163 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters—27.1 m. 





© Aerograph by Aero Service Corporation 


UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA FROM THE AIR 


At the left is Woodland Avenue bounding the Dormitories. 


Franklin Field is conspicuous in the upper 


centre. 


a teacher of languages in the Academy and 
notable in the politics of the day. 

At No. 6019 Germantown Avenue we pass 
the old Green Tree Tavern (12.6), which in 
1759 was the home of Daniel Mackinett, 
where on December 6 was held the meeting 
that resulted in the founding of the present 
Germantown Academy. 

From Walnut Lane and Germantown Ave- 
nue we may walk to the old Mennonite 
Meeting House (12.6), built in 1770, and 
there recall that on these grounds, approx- 
imately the northeast corner of Herman and 
Main Streets, stood as early as 1708 a little 
log meeting house (Christopher Dock’s 
schoolhouse), and in this building Christo- 
pher Dock, “the pious schoolmaster of the 
Skippack,” who was found dead in the 
schoolhouse upon his knees, kept school in 
1740. Christopher Dock’s “Schul-Ordnung,” 
printed and published in 1770 by Christopher 
Sower in Germantown, gives our only pic- 
ture of the colonial school. 

An enjoyable ride from Germantown to 
Overbrook brings us to the new suburban 


home of the Episcopal Academy, located in 
1921 at City Line and Berwick Avenues 
(18.4). This school. was founded in 1785. 

The interior of the main school building, 
remarkable for beauty and charm, should 
not be missed by visitors. In the outer 
office is an impressive collection of historic 
portraits of notable headmasters of this an- 
cient school: Rev. John A. Andrews, Head- 
master 1785-89; Rev. George Emlen Hare, 
D. D., Headmaster 1846-1857; Rev. James 
Wiltbank Robins, D. D., Headmaster 1857- 
1891. Among others is a striking portrait 
of the Right Rev. William White, D. D., first 
Bishop of Pennsylvania, and founder of the 
Episcopal Academy, 1785. Also notable is 
the portrait of the Rev. Wm. Smith, D. D. 
(1727-1803), presented by his granddaugh- 
ter, Isabelle Penn-Smith-Fleming. 

In the ante-room of the basement of the 
gymnasium may be seen a photograph of 
the Episcopal Academy when located at 1324 
Locust Street from 1849-1921; also one of 
the Academy when located at Third and 
Pear Streets, from 1791 to 1849; and a 


164 


Mileage 


12.6 


12.6 


13.2 
13.3 
13.3 
13.4 
15.0 
15.8 
16.0 


18.4 
19.1 
19.5 
21.3 
23.7 
23.9 


24.1 
24.3 


24.3 


24.5 
24.6 


24.9 


25.1 


Zou 
Zo 


25.4 


Zonk 
26.8 
26.9 
PAS | 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters—27.1 m. 


No. 6019 Main St., old Green Tree Tavern; Germantown Academy founded here, 
Dec. 6, 1759. Tablet. 

Walnut Lane; turn left and stop. Walk to Herman and Main Sts., northeast corner. 
Stop. Site of Christopher Dock’s School, adjoining the nearby Mennonite Meeting 
House. Continue on Walnut Lane. 

Over R. R. bridge. 

Cross bridge over Lincoln Drive. 

Wissahickon Ave.; turn left, down grade. 

Lincoln Drive; turn right. 

Pass under R. R., leaving Wissahickon Drive. 

Fork; bear left and immediately right up hill. 

Cross iron bridge over Schuylkill River, up grade, on City Line Avenue, passing Bel- 
mont reservoir at 16.5. 

City Line and Berwick Aves., entrance to Episcopal Academy; founded 1785; located 
at present site 1921. Stop. 

Lancaster Ave.; turn left. 

63rd St.; turn right. 

Walnut St.; turn left. 

40th St.; turn right. 

Spruce and 40th Sts., northwest corner, Evans Institute, Dental School, University 
of Pennsylvania (Museum). Continue on 40th St. 

Woodland Ave.; turn left. 

39th and Woodland Ave., northeast corner, Veterinary Department, University of 
Pennsylvania. 

On right, Hamilton Walk, entrance to Botanical Garden, and grounds of the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania. Dormitories on right. (Note the gargoyles.) 

Memorial Gate; entrance to quadrangle and campus. 

36th and Woodland Ave.; turn right. Southeast corner, Logan Hall, now used chiefly 
by the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce. Opposite, southwest corner, 
Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology. 

Cross Spruce St., going through College Gate, and passing (24.7) Provost’s Tower; 
continuing to end of curving road, bearing right at 24.8 around loop, for view of the 
Medical School (Laboratories of Pathology, Physiology, and Pharmacy). Reverse to 
Spruce St.; turn right. On left, 36th and Spruce Sts., Hare Laboratory of Chemistry, 
and Houston Hall. On right, William Pepper Clinical Laboratory, and the Univer- 
sity Hospital. : 

33rd and Spruce Sts.; turn left. Southeast corner, University Museum. Northeast 
corner, Franklin Field, football and sports field, being enlarged to seat 100,000. On 
33rd St., north of Spruce, right, Gymnasium; left, School of Engineering, and School 
of Architecture. 

Walnut St.; turn left. 

34th St.; turn right. Stop; walk south on 34th St., below Walnut, to visit, east side, 
Harrison Chemical Laboratory; west side, University Library; and adjoining, College 
Hall, where are located the administration offices. Continue on 34th St. to 

Chestnut and 34th Sts., southwest corner, University of Pennsylvania Law School. 
Turn right on Chestnut St. 

Pass Drexel Institute, 32nd and Chestnut Sts. 

16th St.; turn left. 

Market St.; turn right. 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


165 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 16—Old Schools and Schoolmasters—27.1 m. 


drawing of an old print of the original 
building on Chestnut Street between Sixth 
and Seventh, where the Academy was estab- 
lished in 1788. Among many distinguished 
graduates of the school conspicuous is 
Richard Harding Davis. 

At the northwest corner of Spruce and 
40th Streets (23.9), is the beautiful Evans 
Museum and Dental Institute, which by 
affiliation in 1912 with the School of Den- 
tistry of the University of Pennsylvania 
(organized in 1878) has become a great out- 
post of the University. In the museum is a 
priceless collection of portraits, curios, and 
relics, including the carriage in which, by 
the aid of Dr. Thomas W. Evans, founder of 
the Institute, the Empress Eugenie escaped 
from Paris in 1870. 

Hamilton Walk (24.3), opposite 39th and 
Woodland Avenue, offers an attractive ap- 
proach to the Botanical Garden, and the 
grounds of the University of Pennsylvania. 
The Dormitories along Woodland Avenue 
are part of a continuous group surrounding 
one closed and two open courts. The “dor- 
mitory houses” are distinct units in the 
dormitory system and have been established 
and named as memorials. 

Opposite Hamilton Walk, at the north- 
east corner of 39th and Woodland Avenue, 
is the Veterinary Hospital (24.3), where 
sick and injured animals of all kinds are 
admitted at any time, day or night. The 
School of Veterinary Medicine was founded 
-in 1883-84, and provision first made for the 
present building in 1903. 

In Logan Hall (24.6), southeast corner 
of 36th and Woodland Avenue, is tem- 
porarily housed the Wharton School of 
Finance and Commerce, founded by Joseph 
Wharton in 1881. Directly opposite is the 
Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology 
(24.6), an auxiliary department of the Uni- 
versity, the buildings and endowment of 
which were gifts of Parcel Isaac J. Wistar. 
The Pete. chartered in 1892, is devoted 
chiefly to research, museum work, and pub- 
lication. Its collection of brains of cele- 
brated persons is famous. 

The School of Medicine (24.8), the oldest 
Medical School in the United States, was 


founded by Dr. John Morgan in 1765 (See 
Route 17). The Hare Laboratory of Chem- 
istry (24.9) was built in 1877. 

Houston Hall (24.9), the centre of under- 
graduate student social life, was dedicated 
in 1896. The athletic trophy rooms are at- 
tractive and the collection of portraits in the 
auditorium is especially interesting and im- 
portant. 

The William Pepper Clinical Laboratory 
(24.9) is a memorial research institution 
established in 1894 by Dr. William Pepper, 
a distinguished Provost of the University. 

The University Hospital (24.9) is an in- 
valuable adjunct to the School of Medicine, 
and was founded in 1874. 

The University Museum (25.1), founded 
in 1889, the most beautiful building on the 
campus, contains invaluable collections in 
the fields of archaeology, ethnology, and art, 
all open to the public. Here is the famous 
Babylonian collection. 

Franklin Field (25.1), dedicated in 1895, 
football and sports field, has been enlarged 
to accommodate 55,000. At the west end of 
Franklin Field is the Gymnasium. Further 
enlargements are planned to accommodate 
100,000. 

The Engineering Building (25.1) houses 
the Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical En- 
gineering Departments. 

The Architectural School (25.1) was or- 
ganized in 1890 as a department of the 
Towne Scientific School. 

The John Harrison Laboratory of Chem- 
istry (25.3), named for the grandfather of 
Provost Harrison, was dedicated in 1894. 

The University Library Building (25.3). 
was dedicated in 1891. The Library was 
founded in 1749, and contains over 500,000 
volumes. Besides books it contains por- 
traits, memorials, inscriptions, and relics of 
great interest (Seé Route 7). 

College Hall (25.3), a picturesque ivy-cov- 
ered building, the oldest on the campus, was 
erected in 1871. Here are most of the ad- 
ministrative offices. 


The Law School Building (25.4), dedi- 
cated in 1900, houses the oldest Law School 
in North America, founded in 1790 (See 
Route 18). 


166 


Route 17—The Early Medical Practitioners 





THE FIRST MEDICAL SCHOOL IN AMERICA, 1925 


In the great modern Medical School Laboratories at the University of Pennsylvania are portraits and his- 
j toric reminders of genuine public interest. 





FIRST MEDICAL SCHOOL IN AMERICA, 1765 


Franklin’s Library on Fifth Street below Chestnut was built near it in 1790. The building with the tower, 
at the right, was the forerunner of the University of Pennsylvania Medical School. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 17—The Early Medical Practitioners—8.5 m. 





A short trip of surprising interest not only to members of the medical profession and their families but 


to the general sightseer as well. 


The new building of the College of Physicians (founded in 1787); the 


old buildings of the Pennsylvania Hospital (erected in 1754); the modern magnificent laboratories of the 
Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania, the oldest Medical School in America (founded in 1765); 
all contain historic objects, paintings and relics of surpassing general interest. 


ENTRE of medical science and the 
medical profession in the United States, 
Philadelphia is distinguished as the birth- 
place of the first Medical School in America. 
The statue of Dr. Joseph Leidy (0.0), on 
the. west plaza of the City Hall, is a me- 
morial not only to the worth of the man and 
the scientist, but also to the dignity and im- 
portance of the medical profession in the 
annals of Philadelphia. 

The new College of Physicians (0.6), 
Twenty-second Street below Market, erected 
in 1908, imposing without and within, em- 
phasizes the preéminence of the medical pro- 
fession in Philadelphia. This building, the 
home of the ancient organization of the 
medical profession, superseded the one at 
Thirteenth and Locust Streets especially put 
up for the College of Physicians in 1863, 
and now occupied temporarily by the main 
branch of the Free Library. The College 
has been housed at various times in the 
Pennsylvania Hospital, and in the old Mer- 
cantile Library building at the southeast 
corner of Fifth and Library Streets. Its 
first President was Dr. John Redman, who 
with Dr. Benjamin Rush, brought about its 
establishment. January 2, 1787, is the date 
of the earliest recorded meeting. 

The interior of the College of Physicians 
(0.6) is noteworthy for its combined im- 
press of beauty, historic atmosphere, and 
evident usefulness. In the hallway, at the 
entrance, are tablets: one inscribed with the 
names of the founders; the other enrolling 
the presidents from Dr. John Redman 
(1787) down; a weighty list of names dis- 
tinguished in medical annals. In Mitchell 
Hall, on the second floor, are portraits of all 
these presidents, together with a striking 
bust of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. Statuary in 
the hallways and portraits and prints of 
important medical men in halls and library 
rooms give atmosphere and charm. The 
Mutter Museum, on the first floor, includes 


168 


the skeleton of the Kentucky giant, and col- 
lections of special interest to the medical 
expert. Open cases in the reading room and 
in the library, on the second floor, contain 
many curios and personal relics, including 
the watch of Dr. Benjamin Rush, of which 
Dr. S. Weir Mitchell was custodian for many 
years. The collection of current medical 
magazines in all languages is surprisingly 
extensive, while the medical library is second 
only to that of the Surgeon General at Wash- 
ington, being especially rich in incunabula. 

By continuing on Twenty-second Street 
to Spruce, and turning left we may inspect 
the new home of the Philadelphia County 
Medical Society, Twenty-first and Spruce 
Streets, southeast corner. This property be- 
longed to the late George C. Thomas, the 
banker, long head of Drexel & Co. A fea- 
ture of the alterations is an auditorium seat- 
ing 500 persons. 

Passing east on Chestnut Street one does 
not lack evidence all the way to Sixteenth 
Street that Chestnut Street has become the 
business home of the medical specialist. The 
Aldine Hotel (0.9), on Chestnut Street east 
of Twentieth Street, south side, was once 
the palatial home of Dr. James Rush, son of 
the celebrated Dr. Benjamin Rush. Dr. 
James Rush was the founder and donor of 
the Ridgway Branch of the Philadelphia 
Library, located at Broad and Christian 
Streets, a superb exemplar of Doric archi- 
tecture finished in 1877. 

In visiting Congress Hall and Independ- 
ence Hall, members of the medical profes- 
sion may take especial pride in evoking mem- 
ories of the patriotic services of Dr. Ben- 
jamin Rush, distinguished representative of 
the early practitioners. 

In Independence Hall (2.1) may be seen, 
in the extensive collection of pastels by the 
English artist Sharpless, a contemporary 
portrait of Dr. Rush, chairman of a com- 
mittee that made the epoch-making report to 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 17—The Early Medical Practitioners—8.5 m. 





Driving time 1 hr. A good distribution of additional time follows: College of Physicians, 30 min.; Inde- 
pendence Hall and adjoining buildings, 20 min.; Pennsylvania Hospital, 30 min.; University of Pennsylvania 
Medical School (Laboratories of Pathology, Physiology, and Pharmacy), 20 min.; Wistar Institute, 20 min. 
For full details see “Descriptive Itinerary.” 


Mileage 
0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, at Statue of Dr. Joseph Leidy (1823-91), west plaza. Go 
west on Market St. 
06 22nd St.; turn left. 
Ludlow St., southeast corner, College of Physicians; founded 1787. Stop. 
0.7 Chestnut St.; turn left. 
0.9 Aldine Hotel, between 20th and 19th, south side; formerly home of Dr. James Rush, son 
of Dr. Benjamin Rush. 
2.1 6th St. Congress Hall, southeast corner. Independence Hall. Stop. 
2.2 5th St.; walk south to Library St. Site of Philadelphia Dispensary, east side, south of 
. Library St. Original site of first Medical School in the United States. Continue on 
Chestnut St. 2.3 4th St.; turn right. 
2.5 Southwest corner, 4th and Locust Sts., home of Dr. Caspar Wistar; earlier, of Dr. 
William Shippen. 2.6 Spruce St.; turn left. 
2.9: Front St.; turn right. 
No. 321 South Front, east side, early home of Dr. Philip Syng Physick. 


pebankaueiss 
Sot aanae 


et 
ae i 
nu 





COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS—FOUNDED 1787 


Located on Twenty-second Street above Chestnut, it is a centre of scientific and social life for the medi- 
cal profession in Philadelphia. 


169 


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Route 17—The Early Medical Practitioners—8.5 m. 





THE PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL—FOUNDED 1754 


A monument to the medical profession in the United States, it owes its foundation chiefly to Dr. Bond 
and Benjamin Franklin. 


. 





RES Sin at 


HOME OF DR, CASPAR WISTAR HOME OF DR. PHILIP SYNG PHYSICK 
At Fourth and Locust Streets lived the author of the At Fourth and Delancey Streets lived “the father of Amer- 
first American treatise on Anatomy. Here began the famous ican surgery.”’ See also Route 19. 


“Wistar Parties.” 


171 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 17—The Early Medical Practitioners—8.5 m. 





oo 


DR. BENJAMIN RUSH (1745-1813) 


In Independence Hall is Thomas Sully’s portrait of this 
eminent physician and patriot. 


Congress that it had become expedient to 
declare the United Colonies free and inde- 
pendent States. The report was written by 
Dr. Rush himself, who anticipated the’ senti- 
ments and even the phraseology of much 
of the Declaration of Independence. 

In Independence Hall (2.1), the table on 
which the Declaration was signed may serve 
to recall that Dr. Rush was a signer of the 
Declaration. He was also an important 
member of the convention that framed in 
this room the Constitution of the United 
States. 

South from Chestnut Street on Fifth stood 
until 1923 the Philadelphia Dispensary, the 
first institution of its kind in the United 
States, established in 1786 in Strawberry 
Alley by the subscriptions of the foremost 
citizens of the day, backed and inspired by 
Dr. Rush and his professional co-workers. 
Below the site of the Dispensary on Fifth 
Street (2.2) was the original site of the first 
Medical School in America (1765). A Birch 
engraving of 1799, showing the Philadelphia 
Library Company’s first home at Fifth and 


Library Streets, shows also “Anatomical 
Hall,” erected before 1779 as a special build- 
ing for the Medical Department of what 
was then known as the Academy and Col- 
lege of Philadelphia, since become the Un1- 
versity of Pennsylvania. This first medical 
school was established as a department of 
the college in 1765. Dr. John Morgan was 
the first professor of the theory and prac- 
tice of physic, and Dr. Benjamin Rush suc- 
ceeded him in 1789; although Dr. Rush had 
become professor of chemistry in the college 
in 1769. Distinguished also in the history 
of this first Medical School is Dr. William 
Shippen, elected professor of anatomy and 
surgery in September, 1765. 

Turning from Chestnut Street into Fourth 
Street, at the southwest corner of Fourth 
and Locust Streets (tablet), we pass the 
home in later life of Dr. Caspar Wistar 
(2.5), whose reputation for the famous 
“Wistar Parties” almost outshines his dis- 
tinction in medicine. Educated in the med- 
ical school of the old College of Philadel- 
phia and finishing his medical education at 
Edinburgh, where he was later made Presi- 
dent of the Royal Society of Medicine, Dr. 
Wistar began his practice here on High 
(Market) Street between Third and Fourth. 
Professor of Anatomy at the University for 
many years, and remarkable for his genial 
hospitality, he gathered about him the lead- 
ing scientific and literary lights of his time. 
After his death, in 1818, “Wistar Parties” 
became a social institution in Philadelphia, 
lasting to the present day. Dr. Wistar was 
the author of the first American treatise on 
Anatomy. Built about 1750, the Wistar 
House was in its early history the home of 
Dr. William Shippen. 

Reaching Front Street, and turning right, 
at No. 321 South Front Street (2.9), amid 
modern desolation, we find still standing 
but much altered, a large house, built before 
1786, in which in his early professional 
career lived the cultured Dr. Philip Syng 
Physick, celebrated in the annals of Phila- 
delphia as “the father of American surgery.” 
No one would suspect that here was once a 
fashionable residential section of the city. 

Out Pine Street (3.0), front Prontere 


172 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 17—The Early Medical Practitioners—8.5 m. 





JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE—FOUNDED 1824 


Mileage 

3.0 Pine St.; turn right. 

3.3 4thand Pine Sts. Stop. Walk north to Union and 4th Sts., northeast corner, once the 
home of Dr. Philip Syng Physick. 

3.6 8th St.; Pennsylvania Hospital on right. 3.7 9th St.; turn right. 

3.8 Spruce St:; turn right. 

3.9 8th St.; stop, and walk south to main entrance of Pennsylvania Hospital, 8th St., below 
Spruce. Continue on Spruce St. 

3.9 7th St.; turn left, bearing left around Washington Square. 

4.1 Walnut St., turn left. 

4.4 10th and Walnut Sts.; northwest corner, Jefferson Medical College. 

O10 3900 pt.- turn left. 6.3. Spruce St.; turn nght. 

6.4 34th and Spruce, on left University Hospital; Surgical Dispensary,and Medical Buildings. 

6.5 William Pepper Clinical Laboratory, left. Turn left through College Gateway, curving 
right around loop to 

6.6 Laboratories of Pathology, Physiology, and Pharmacy. Stop. Return on 36th St. to 

6.8 Wistar Institute of Anatomy (main entrance on left), 36th and Woodland Ave. Turn 
right 6.8 on Woodland Avenue to 7.3 Market St. and 32nd; turn right. 

8.5 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


173 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 17—The Early Medical Practitioners—8.5 m. 


Fourth, however, we may see many houses 
still preserving the aristocratic air of co- 
lonial days. At Fourth Street (3.5), a short 
walk brings us to a big house on the cor- 
ner of Fourth and Delancey, the home of Dr. 
Physick in the heyday of his prosperity 
(See also Route 19). 

At Eighth Street (3.6), we begin to en- 
circle the grounds of the Pennsylvania Hos- 
pital, perhaps the noblest monument to the 
medical profession in the United States. It 
was founded in 1754 by the inspiration of Dr. 
Thomas Bond and the efforts of Benjamin 
Franklin. From Franklin’s quaint inscrip- 
tion on the cornerstone we learn: “In the 
year oof curist MDCCLV  George- the 
Second happily reigning (for he sought the 
happiness of his people), Philadelphia flour- 
ishing (for its inhabitants were public spir- 
ited), this building, by the bounty of the 
government, and of many private persons, 
was piously founded for the relief of the 
sick and miserable. May the GoD OF MERCIES 
bless the undertaking.” 

Entering the main gateway (3.9), on 
Eighth Street below Spruce, the visitor 
should not fail to see the honor roll of at- 
tending physicians, brought down to date 
from ancient days; the old library (now 
used as a lecture-hall for nurses), with its 
ponderous but precious tomes; and the an- 
tique demonstration and lecture room in the 
high tower, where Dr. Thomas Bond began 
clinical lectures in 1766. Benjamin West’s 
“Christ Healing the Sick,” the well-preserved 
colonial staircases, and other treasures of 
the hospital, including Penn’s statue on the 
Pine Street lawn, will not escape attention. 

Standing before the portrait of Dr. Ben- 
jamin Rush, surgeon at the Pennsylvania 
Hospital for twenty-nine years, we may re- 
call how he fought the epidemic of yellow 
fever that affected Philadelphia in 1793, lay- 
ing down those cardinal principles that have 
since become the characteristic and the 
glory of the medical profession: “I have 
resolved to stick to my principles, my prac- 
tice, and my patients to the last extremity. 
IT will remain, if I remain alone.” 

Located at Tenth and Walnut Streets, 
Jefferson Medical College (4.4), founded in 


1824, has won an enviable place in the field 
of medicine. Its faculty has included Dr. 
Robley Dunglison, Dr. Joseph Pancoast, Dr. 
Jacob Da Costa, Dr. Samuel D. Gross, and 
Dr. W. W. Keen. Some one has computed 
that in the year following the founding of 
Jefferson Medical College there were in 
Philadelphia and its suburbs 169 physicians 
and surgeons, 25 cuppers, bleeders, and 
leechers, 18 dentists, 10 midwives, 78 women 
who made a profession of nursing, and 16 
who were layers out of the dead. 

In West Philadelphia, at 34th and Spruce 
Streets, beginning with the University Hos- 
pital (6.4), we come in sight of a succession 
of buildings together making up the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 
originally established on Fifth Street near 
Walnut in 1765. On entering the newest 
building of the group, facing on Hamilton 
Walk (6.6), the Laboratories of Pathology, 
Physiology, and Pharmacy, we find, to the 
right, a tablet to the Medical Class of 1768, 
the first class to receive a degree in Medicine 
in America, graduating in June, 1768, and 
consisting of ten members representing 
Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and 
Delaware. Nearby is an oil portrait of Dr. 
John Archer, a member of this first grad- 
uating class. At the entrance is another 
tablet, commemorating Dr. John Morgan 
and Dr. William Shippen, Jr., “the first Fac- 
ulty” of this the First Medical School in 
North America. 

Leading tothe second floor is a stair- 
case, hung with historic portraits. The 
array of notable portraits here is in itself 
worth a long journey to see. The heroic 
canvas by Thomas Eakins of Dr. D. Hayes 
Agnew in the midst of a clinic demonstra- 
tion is an American Rembrandt. At either 
side are beautiful bronze memorial tablets 
to Dr. Nathaniel Chapman and Dr. Samuel 
Jackson and portraits of the founders. 

Returning we pass the Wistar Institute 
of Anatomy (6.8), a worthy memorial to its 
founder, and an invaluable active research 
laboratory, constantly contributing to the 
illumination of everyday medical practice 
and theory. Of interest to the general pub- 
lic is its collection of brains of famous men. 


174 


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Route 18—Historic Mementos of Law and Lawyers 


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THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 
The foundation stone of American liberty under the law. ‘Made in Philadelphia,” July 4, 1776. 


177 





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DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 18—Historic Mementos of Law and Lawyers—5.8 m. 





Laymen and lawyers alike, particularly visiting lawyers, will find something new and stimulating in this 
trip. Nowhere, except in Philadelphia, would it be possible in a busy man’s “‘off hour” to enjoy such a set 
of historical experiences as may be gained by viewing in rapid succession: the notable group of historic por- 
traits in the oldest Law Library in the United States; the interesting legal documents in the oldest Law School 
in the United States; the remarkable art collection of the late John G. Johnson; Lincoln’s law library at the 
Historical Society of Pennsylvania; Congress Hall where the United States Government was first formed; 
Independence Hall where the Constitution of the United States was framed; Penn’s great ‘Charter of Privi- 
leges’’ in the American Philosophical Society; the first United States Supreme Court Building; and the spot 
where the Declaration of Independence was written by an American lawyer. 


iA to the Philadelphia Law Library 
(0.0), on the north corridor of the 
sixth floor of the City Hall, reached by ele- 
vator at the northeast corner of the building, 
will convey at once some idea of the growth 
and importance of the profession of law 
since the days of Gabriel Thomas, who, 
writing an account of Philadelphia in the 
year 1696, said: “Of lawyers and physicians 
I shall say nothing, because this country is 
very peaceable and healthy.” 

The Philadelphia Law Library dates back 
to 1821, when it was established under the 
auspices of “The Society for the promotion 
of Legal Knowledge and Forensic Elo- 
quence.” In 1827 it was merged into “The 
Philadelphia Law Association,” made up of 
the associated members of the bar of Phila- 
delphia. In the library may be seen an 
impressive collection of portraits of judges 
and members of the bar, too large to 
enumerate here in full, but comprising 
among others the well-known portraits of 
Chief Justice Marshall, by Inman; Horace 
Binney, by Sully; Edward Tilghman, by 
Rembrandt Peale; Chief Justice Tilghman, 
by Neagle; and William Rawle, by Inman. 
Among these portraits also is one of James 
Wilson, first professor of law in the first 
law school in the United States, since de- 
veloped into the Department of Law of the 
University of Pennsylvania. The library is 
complete in records, in sets of the original 
laws of the various states, and in records of 
cases argued in the Supreme Court of the 
United States. Once housed in Congress 
Hall, in a room in the State House, and 
elsewhere, the library is the oldest law 
library in the United States. 

The Law Courts in the City Hall (0.0) 
will repay even a passing visit. The Supreme 


Court of Pennsylvania is located in Rooms 
450 to 460, south corridor. Modern in ap- 
pearance and appointments, the present 
Courts are the historic successors of the 
earliest county courts, and of those courts 
established “the 16th of 2d mo., 1684,” when, 
Penn present, the Provincial Council deter- 
mined that there should be a Provincial 
Court of five Judges to try all criminal cases 
and titles to land, and to be a court of equity 
to decide all differences upon appeal from 
the county courts. The earliest Philadel- 
phia court records are dated 10th of Ist 
mo., 1682-83, and the record of the first court 
held 11 January, 1682, is notable as contain- 
ing the names of Swan Swanson, John 
Stiller (afterwards Stillé), and other well- 
known Swedes, who applied for naturaliza- 
tion by petitions of allegiance. 

At the southwest corner of Thirty-fourth 
and Chestnut Streets (1.5) stands the Law 
School of the University of Pennsylvania, 
established in the present building in 1900. 
Conspicuous on the left, at the entrance, is 
the name of James Wilson, first professor 
of law in the University, 1790. On the left 
staircase extending to the second floor is a 
portrait of James Wilson by Rosenthal. On 
the wall at the head of the stairs is a framed 
group of original documents relating to 
James Wilson, including his original com- 
mission as Associate Justice of the Supreme 
Court of the United States, signed by Wash- 
ington, and various documents notable for 
such autograph signatures as Louis XVI, 
Thomas Mifflin, and Benjamin Franklin. 
Especially notable is the original oath of 
office taken by James Wilson, October 5, 
1789, signed by Samuel Powel, the first 
Mayor of Philadelphia. Wilson gave his 
first lectures on law in his own home once 


178 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 18—Historic Mementos of Law and Lawyers—5.8 m. 





Driving time 1 hr. An additional hour is well divided as follows: Law Library, 10 min.; Law School, 
University of Pennsylvania, 10 min.; Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 10 min.; Congress Hall, 10 min.; 
Independence Hall, 10 min.; American Philosophical Society, 5 min.; old City Hall, 5 min. Additional time 
is required for the Johnson Art Collection, now opened for public inspection. For full details see ‘“‘Descriptive 
Itinerary.”’ 


Mileage 


0.0 


1.4 
£5 


2.4 
3.6 


3.9 
4.1 


4.8 
4.9 


5.0 


oul 


Sr4 


5.8 


PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, west side. Visit Law Library, on sixth floor, and Law 

Courts; taking elevator at northeast corridor. Go west on Market St. 

34th St.; turn left. 

Chestnut and 34th Sts., southwest corner, Law School University of Pennsylvania; 

founded 1790. Stop. Turn left on Chestnut St. 

22nd St.; turn right. 2.6 Spruce St.; turn left. 3.4 Broad St.; turn right. 

No. 510 South Broad St., home and art collection of the late John G. Johnson. Reverse 
on Broad St. to 

Ppruceot.; tur right. 4.0 13th St.; turn left. 

13th and Locust Sts., Historical Society of Pennsylvania (Lincoln’s Law Library). Stop. 

Continue on 13th St. 4.2 Chestnut St.; turn right. 

No. 605 Chestnut St., tablet commemorating Joseph Hopkinson’s ‘‘Hail Columbia.” 

6th and Chestnut Sts., southeast corner, Congress Hall. Stop. Visit also Independ- 

ence Hall. 

5th and Chestnut Sts., southwest corner, Old City Hall, used later as first United States 

Supreme Court Building. Walk to American Philosophical Society (Penn’s ‘‘Charter 

of Privileges,” 1701), west side, 5th below Chestnut. Turn left on 5th St. 

Market St.; turn left. 

7th and Market Sts., southwest corner, site of house where Jefferson wrote the Declara- 

tion of Independence. ‘Tablet. 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 





PENN NATIONAL BANK ~ THOMAS JEFFERSON 
Tt now occupies the site of the building at Seventh and In Independence Hall hangs Peale’s unfamiliar portrait 
Market bi satis where Jefferson wrote the Declaration of of the great American lawyer who wrote the Declaration of 
Independence. Indenendence. 


179 


Route 18—Historic Mementos of Law and Lawyers—5.8 m. 





JAMES WILSON—FIRST UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR OF LAW IN NORTH AMERICA 


A Signer of the Declaration of Independence, and Orator at the first celebration of the adoption of the 
Constitution, he was the founder of the Department of Law, University of Pennsylvania, 1790. This por- 
trait hangs in Independence Hall. 


Route 18—Historic Mementos of Law and Lawyers—5.8 m. 





THE FIRST LAW SCHOOL IN THE UNITED STATES 


Founded in 1790, the University of Pennsylvania Law School was established in the building at Thirty- 
fourth and Chestnut Streets in 1900. 





THE OLDEST LAW LIBRARY IN THE UNITED STATES 


Located on the sixth floor of the City Hall, it possesses a rare collection of historic portraits of dis- 
tinguished judges and members of the American bar. 


181 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 18—Historic Mementos of Law and Lawyers—5.8 m. 





LINCOLN’S LAW LIBRARY 


Gift of Major W. J. Lambert to the Historical Society 
‘of Pennsylvania. 


located at the southeast corner of Third and 
Walnut Streets. From 1895 to 1909, the ses- 
sions of the Law School were held in historic 
Congress Hall at Sixth and Chestnut Streets. 


In Price Hall, on the ground floor, and 
in the various lecture and reading rooms, will 
be found numerous etchings, engravings, 
and old portraits commemorating distin- 
guished members of the American bench and 
bar. In the Biddle Law Library, on the 
second floor, may be seen numerous legal 
treasures, chief among which is an orig- 
inal copy of an “Abridgment of the Law” 
in early French, the date of which is prob- 
ably about 1470. <A translation in two 
volumes, crediting the work to Nicholas 
Stratham, has been made by Margaret 
Centre Klingelsmith, Librarian of the Biddle 
Law Library. 


At 510 South Broad Street (3.6) is the 
home of the late John G. Johnson, until his 
death the dominant figure of the Philadel- 
phia bar. Mr. Johnson’s art treasures are 
here preserved for public exhibition. 


In the Historical Society of Pennsylvania 
(4.1), 13th and Locust Streets, in the relic 
room on the second floor, may be seen the 
unpretentious but impressive law library of 
Abraham Lincoln. 


At No. 605 Chestnut Street (4.8), the site 
of the first Chestnut Street Theatre (1793- 
1855), now occupied by the United Securities 
Bank and Trust Company, is a tablet of 
especial interest to the legal profession as 
showing that here was first sung, April 25, 
1798, “Hail Columbia,” composed by Joseph 





Hopkinson, distinguished member of the 
early Philadelphia bar. 

The remarkable group of buildings (4.9) 
located in Independence Square and facing 
on Chestnut Street between Fifth and Sixth 
is the shrine of democracy. Here liberty 
was born under the law. Congress Hall, at 
the west end of Independence Hall, should 
be visited once with emphasis on the fact 
that here met the First Congress of the 
United States ; here the national government 
was first organized; here the earliest na- 
tional laws were first enacted. Independence 
Hall deserves a visit with special emphasis 
on the fact that here the Constitution of the 
United States was framed, debated, and 
adopted. The Old City Hall, at the east end 
of Independence Hall, takes on especial im- 
portance as the scene of action of the first 
United States Supreme Court. In the nearby 
American Philosophical Society, second 
floor, may be seen the original parchment 
containing William Penn’s third “Charter of 
Privileges,” granted in 1701. 

At Seventh and Market Streets (5.2), 
southwest corner, now the Penn National 
Bank, we pass the site of the house (tablet) 
where Thomas Jefferson, lawyer, drafted the 
Declaration of Independence. 


= ~ int SARTRE ic. AME ON 


PENN’S GREAT “CHARTER OF PRIVILEGES,” 1701 


_ At the American Philosophical Society is the original 
third and last charter granted by Penn. It remained the 
constitution of Pennsylvania until 1776. ; 


182 


Route 19—Some Early American Homes 





| 


SOLITUDE, 1785 


In the grounds of the Zoological Garden stands the house built by William Penn’s poetic grandson—the 
last property here of a family that once owned the whole of Pennsylvania. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 19—Some Early American Homes—26.3 m. 


Conspicuous in the streets of old Philadelphia as well as in the surrounding suburbs is a number of his- 
toric houses that ushered in the new era after the Revolution. The fourteen houses visited on this trip are as 
a group quite unmatchable in American annals. Beginning with some of the notable houses in the old resi- 
dential section of the city, the trip ends with some of the ever attractive homes of Germantown, carrying 
the tourist through stirring old streets in city and suburbs, and unfolding for him the ever satisfying pano- 
ramas of the Fairmount river drives and the Wissahickon. 


ONG celebrated as “the city of homes,” 
Philadelphia is rich in houses represen- 
tative of every period of American history. 
Some of Philadelphia’s earliest American 
homes are still occupied by descendants of 
the original owners. All of them are at- 
tractive to see and some possess architectural 
features or historic associations of fascinat- 
ing interest. 

Even in passing down Chestnut Street 
(0.1), from Thirteenth Street to Eighth, one 
may see here and there buildings that are 
relics of the days when this busy thorough- 
fare was a purely residential street. 


At No. 225 South Eighth Street (0.7) is 
the cherished Morris House. Built by John 
Reynolds in 1786, this noble representative 
of an early American home links up through 
family history with earlier Revolutionary 
days. The worn door-plate, the old knocker, 
the foot-scraper, and the ancient cellar-door 
“are inescapable details in a building superb 
for its architecture. The surrounding gar- 
den is a recent restoration. Within the house 
is a veritable museum of precious heirlooms. 


For the first thirty years of its history the 
Morris House remained in obscure hands, 
but in 1817 it was purchased and occupied 
by Luke Wistar Morris, son of Captain 
Samuel Morris, notable for his interest in 
fox-hunting and the celebrated fishing com- 
pany of the “State in Schuylkill,” as well as 
for his patriotic connection with the First 
City Troop, made up of “gentlemen of for- 
tune,” as Washington called them, who 
earned distinction throughout the revolu- 
tionary period. Captain Morris made his- 
tory at the Battle of Germantown as well 
as at the battles of Trenton and Princeton. 
His Light Horse Troop, now the famous 
First City Troop, which he helped to found 
and gallantly led, has developed into a Phila- 
delphia institution, distinguished for its 


services throughout the history of the coun- 
try to the present hour. Captain Morris 
was Register of Wills from 1777 until his 
death in 1812. His family has been im- 
portant in the annals of the city ever since. 
Mr. Effingham B. Morris, present owner and 
occupant of the well-preserved old family 
mansion, is President of the Girard Trust 
Company at Broad and Chestnut Streets. 

On Spruce Street (0.8) from Eighth to 
Fourth, and on Fourth Street above Spruce, 
beautiful old doorways, high-steps and iron 
railings, scrapers and knockers, cellar-doors, 
and gable windows abound. 


At Fourth and Locust Streets (1.2) stands 
the Wistar House, built about 1750, already 
mentioned for its associations with the 
medical profession (See Route 17). Dr. 
Caspar Wistar moved into this house in 
1799, and died there in 1818. Here was the 
birthplace of a genuine Philadelphia social 
institution—the famous “Wistar party,” the 
prototype of all social occasions notable for 
high thinking and plain living. Intellectual 
and social leadership here joined hands and 
made merry in the leisure moments of a busy 
but hospitable host. Men distinguished at 
home and strangers celebrated abroad joined 
in this circle of choice spirits. For many 
decades after Dr. Wistar’s death, this old 
house welcomed within its hospitable walls 
in jovial brotherhood the learned and the 
great. 

The Lewis-Fisher-Wharton House, No. 
336 Spruce Street (1.2), is a house with a 
history. Built prior to 1796, this house 
until recently was conspicuous as the con- 
tinuous abode of notable American families. 

The Wharton House was at first the home 
of Mordecai Lewis, prominent shipping mer- 
chant and importer, at one time partner with 
William Bingham, with a big business in 
the East India trade. Mordecai Lewis, who 


184 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 19—Some Early American Homes—26.3 m. 





Driving time about 2 hrs. 45 min. Extra time is required for inspecting architectural features, for visiting 
the museum of the Germantown Site and Relic Society, and for lingering in Fairmount Park. For full details 
see “Descriptive Itinerary.”’ 





Mileage 


0.0 
0.0 
0.1 
0.5 
0.7 
0.8 
1.2 


12 
1.4 
V5 
1.5 


1.0 
1.6 


PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. Go east on Penn Square. 

Juniper St.; turn right. Wanamaker Store on left. 

Chestnut St.; turn left. 

8th St.; turn right. 

Morris House, No. 225 South 8th St. Built 1786. Stop. 

Spruce St.; turn left. 

4th St.; stop; walk north a short block on 4th St. to the Dr. Caspar Wistar House, 
Locust and 4th Sts., southwest corner. Built about 1750. 

Return to Spruce St., south side, east of 4th St.; Lewis-Fisher-Wharton House, No. 336 
Spruce St. Built 1796. Continue on Spruce St. to 

2nd St.; turn right. 

Pine St.; turn right. 

No. 224 Pine St., Stamper-Blackwell-Bingham House. Built 1768. Note also No. 238 
Pine St., George Willing House. 

3rd St.; turn right. 

Delancey St.; turn left. 





THE MORRIS HOUSE, 1786—Drawing by Frank H. Taylor 


At No. 225 South Eighth Street is this cherished representative of an early American home—superb 
for its architecture and memorable for the public and patriotic services of its successive occupants. 


185 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 19—Some Early American Homes—26.3 m. 


was a descendant of a Welsh Quaker fam- 
ily that came to Pennsylvania in 1686, be- 
came a director of the Bank of North 
America, the Philadelphia Contributionship 
for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by 
Fire, the Philadelphia Library, and treas- 
urer of the Pennsylvania Hospital. He was 
representative of a type of Philadelphia 
family notable and beloved for its integrity, 
unobtrusive benevolence and public service. 

In 1817, this house was conveyed by the 
son of Mordecai Lewis to Samuel Rowland 
Fisher, a worthy and distinguished Friend, 
whose consistent devotion to his Quaker 
principles of neutrality got him into serious 
difficulties during the Revolutionary War. 
Samuel Fisher conveyed the house as a 
wedding gift to his daughter, Deborah, who 
married William Wharton in 1817. The 
house has been identified with the distin- 
guished Wharton family ever since. Deborah 
Wharton became one of the most widely 
known ministers of the Society of Friends. 
Her son, Joseph Wharton, distinguished for 
learning, philanthropy, and commercial suc- 
cess, became the first prominent and success- 
ful ironmaster of the United States, owner 
of the Bethlehem Steel Works, and founder 
of the Wharton School of Finance and 





LEWIS-FISHER-WHARTON HOUSE, 1796 


No. 336 Spruce Street is a house with a notable family 
history. 


Economy at the University of Pennsylvania. 

Haunting old houses on lower Spruce 
Street (1.3) and still elegant facades on 
Pine Street (1.5) are vivid reminders of aris- 
tocratic days in the early life of the young 
republic. A respected outpost of this fash- 
ionable neighborhood was the Old Second 
Street Market at Second and Pine (1.5), 
where daily marketing has gone on unin- 
terrupted since 1745. 

The Stamper-Blackwell-Bingham House, 
No. 224 Pine Street (1.5), is now hopelessly 
given over to business purposes. 

Built about 1768 by John Stamper, wealthy 
merchant, and mayor of the city in 1759, 
this admirable specimen of colonial archi- 
tecture, once one of the most elegant houses 
in Philadelphia, connects itself with the 
Bingham family through the marriage of 
Mary Stamper, daughter of John Stamper, 
with William Bingham, senior. William 
Bingham, junior, in 1789, married Anne 
Willing, daughter of the great banker, 
Thomas Willing, and with pomp of wealth 
and pride of power established “the first 
family” in the city, if not the land, after the 
Revolution. The younger Binghams built 
their famous princely mansion around the 
corner, on Third Street above Spruce, where 
Mrs. Bingham reigned in brilliant splendor, 
William Bingham becoming United States 
Senator from Pennsylvania in 1795, and 
holding that office until 1801. The Senator’s 
sister, Hannah Bingham, became in Novem- 
ber, 1793, the second wife of the Rev. Dr. 
Robert Blackwell, assistant rector of nearby 
St. Peter’s Church, and the Blackwells lived 
in the Pine Street house until 1831, when 
it passed to the Willings. A man of ample 
means, unquestioned piety, and great per- 
sonal dignity, Dr. Blackwell was a beloved 
and powerful influence among the parish- 
ioners of St. Peter’s, where Washington, 
many of the Cabinet, and members of Con- 
gress frequently attended services. 

The George Willing House, No. 238 Pine 
Street (1.5), was built by Dr. Blackwell for 
his daughter on her marriage to George 
Willing. Elegance, unaffected by Quaker 
restraint or io of plainness, dominated in 
these first American homes. 


186 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 19 





Some Early American Homes—26.3 m. 





SWEET BRIAR MANSION, LANSDOWNE DRIVE, 1797 


Home of Judge Samuel Breck, founder of the common school system of the State of Pennsylvania (1836), 


Mileage 
Lev 
lef 


6.3 
6.7 


this house is rich in associations with every period of American history. 


No. 322 Delancey St., Evans House. Built 1785. vig. 

4th St.; turn left. Fourth and Delancey Sts., southeast corner (No. 321 5. 4th St.), 
Hill-McCall-Randolph-Physick House, 1786. Stop to see doorway. Continue on 
4th St. to 

Pine St.; turn right. 2.1 Pennsylvania Hospital on right. Stop. 

9th St.; turn right, and immediately left onto Clinton St. 

10th St.; turn left, and immediately right onto Pine St. 

Broad St.; turn right. 

Turn right, curving around City Hall to north side, bearing right at 3.4 onto Parkway. 
Curve right around Logan Circle. Public Library on right. 

23rd St.; turn right. 

Pennsylvania Ave.; turn left. 

Pass Philadelphia Art Museum, left. 

Turn left onto East River Drive. 

Lincoln Monument on left; turn right up grade. 

Fork; bear left. 5.5 Pass General Grant’s Log Cabin, left. 

Girard Ave.; turn left, crossing bridge over Schuylkill River. 

End of bridge; turn left towards Zoological Garden. Solitude; built 1785 by John 
Penn; within the grounds of the Zoological Garden; visible outside the grounds at 6.1, 
right. Stop. Reverse to 

Bear right and left, under right arch of railroad bridge, onto Lansdowne Drive. 

Sweet Briar. Built 1797. Home of Samuel Breck. Stop. 


187 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 19—Some Early American Homes—26.3 m. 





DOORWAY OF THE STAMPER HOUSE, 1768 


The inroads of modern business have played havoc with this 
famous old house at No. 224 Pine Street. 


Around the corner, at No. 322 Delancey 

Street (1.7), we find the Evans House, asso- 
ciated with one of the oldest Quaker families 
of Philadelphia. The ancestors of the Evans 
family came from Wales in 1698, and de- 
scendants still live at the original Welsh 
settlement at Gwynedd. Jonathan Evans, 
by trade a carpenter, built this house about 
1785, and three generations of his family 
have been sheltered under its roof. 

The Evans House has witnessed the 
vicissitudes of the American Quaker family 
since the Revolution. Jonathan Evans, the 
builder, in his younger life refusing to fight 
in the Revolution because of his adherence 
to the rules of his sect in regard to wars and 
fighting, was imprisoned for sixteen weeks. 
In later life he took a prominent part on 
behalf of the Orthodox Quakers against the 
followers of Elias Hicks, when the great 
schism came in 1827. Jonathan Evans’ son, 
William, while living in this house, edited 
the “Friends’ Library,” a series of fourteen 
volumes, and was for many years clerk of 
the Yearly Meeting at Fourth and Arch 
Streets. 


The old Hill-McCall-Randolph-Physick 
House, No. 321 South Fourth Street (1.7), 
distinguished by its beautiful doorway and 
its high-walled garden, was built and first 
occupied in 1786 by the famous importer 
of Madeira wine, Henry Hill, whose elab- 
orate suburban home on the outskirts of 
Germantown, later known as Carlton, has 
already been described (See Route 10). The 
McCall family occupied the house about 
1800, and here General George McCall was 
born. The present owners of the house in- 
herited it, through the Randolphs, from the 
celebrated practitioner Dr. Philip Syng 
Physick, who bought it in 1817. 

On the way to John Penn’s house, Soli- 
tude, in early days far away in the wilder- 
ness that was some day to become a part 
of Fairmount Park, we pass two of the most 
remarkable street blocks in Philadelphia. 
Spruce Street from Eighth to Ninth (2.1), 
guarded by the hallowed precincts of the 
Pennsylvania Hospital with its ancient build- 
ings and spacious shaded lawns, has pre- 
served unbroken the peaceful atmosphere of 
the early Quaker City. Clinton Street from 
Ninth to Tenth (2.2) has been called the 
most restful street in Philadelphia. 





THE EVANS HOUSE, 1785 


No. 322 Delancey Street was the home of one of the oldest 
Quaker families of Philadelphia. 


188 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 19—Some Early American Homes—26.3 m. 





aE 


UPSALA, GERMANTOWN, 1798 


An exceptional example of the colonial architecture of Philadelphia, standing in a luxurious setting of 
splendid trees, clinging ivy, and box-bordered gardens, it is occupied by descendants of John Johnson, the builder. 


Mileage 
7.0 Pass Smith Memorial on left. 
7.0 Fork; keep right, down hill, to West River Drive. 7.3 Sharp S-turn under railroad. 
7.4 Turn left onto West River Drive. 
7.9 Pass Tom Moore’s Cottage, on high embankment on left. Beautiful river scenery and 
views of Laurel Hill across the river, on the right. 
9.6 Falls bridge on right; bear left up hill onto winding Neill Drive. 9.7 Keep right. 
10.3. Pass golf links of Philadelphia Country Club, left. 
10.4 Turn sharp right, down hill onto City Line bridge. 
10.6 End of bridge. Fork; keep left down hill. 
10.9 Pass under Wissahickon Bridge onto Wissahickon Drive. 
12.2 Wissahickon Drive (not open to motors) on left. Continue on Lincoln Drive. 
12.4 Pass birthplace of David Rittenhouse, left. 12.6 Bear left on Lincoln Drive. 
13.1 Gateway entrance to Fairmount Park; turn immediately right up steep hill onto Johnson 
St., Germantown. 
13.9 Germantown Ave.; turn left. Chew House hid in trees on right. Upsala, home of the 
Johnson family, on left. Built 1798. 
13.9 Reverse on Germantown Ave. to 14.6; walk to No. 25 High St. 
14.8 Vernon Mansion, Vernon Park. Built 1803. Stop. 


189 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 19—-Some Early American Homes—26.3 m. 


Solitude (6.1), now standing in the 
grounds of the Zoological Garden and used 
for administrative offices, is unique among 
the historic houses that usher in the new 
era after the Revolution. Built and finished 
in 1785, Solitude stands for an ideal cher- 
ished by Penn’s grandson, John Penn, who 
came to Philadelphia in 1783, and estab- 
lished himself here with a view to looking 
after the proprietary interests of the Penn 
family, of which he had inherited three un- 
divided fourths. Solitude is a square house, 
twenty-six by twenty-six feet, and was de- 
clared to be just big enough for a bachelor 
and cozy enough for a poet. John Penn 
was both. At one time he felt “a republican 
enthusiasm” that attached him to America 
and almost tempted him to stay. He went 
back to England about 1789, and built the 
great mansion and laid out the magnificent 
park now at Stoke Pogis, England. Gran- 
ville John Penn, the founder’s great grand- 
son, visited Solitude in 1851, and in 1867 
‘the property became a part of Fairmount 
Park. Solitude was the last property here of 
a family that once owned the whole of 
Pennsylvania ! 


Northwest of the Lansdowne entrance to 
West Fairmount Park (6.3), near the Girard 
Avenue bridge, is Sweet Briar (6.7), home of 
Samuel Breck, built by him in 1797, and 
his family residence until 1836. A fine stone 
house, rough cast, three stories high, with 
out-buildings of every suitable kind for 
elegance and comfort, and with a prospect 
of the animated river, of a beautiful sloping 
lawn terminating at this river, of side-screen 
woods, gardens, and green-houses,—so Mr. 
Breck himself once described it. 


Here one may linger to enjoy the beauty 
of the place and to recall some of “the 
vicissitudes of the early American home. 
Life at Sweet Briar was not always elegance 
and ease. Born in Boston and educated in 
France, Mr. Breck came to Philadelphia in 
1792. On one occasion he says, “In these 
United States nothing would be wanting to 
make life perfectly happy (humanly speak- 
ing) had one good servants . . . during the 
last twelve months we have had seven 
different cooks and five different waiters. 


One leaves me because there is not enough 
to do, another because there is too much; a 
third quarrels with a fourth; a fifth gets 
drunk and absents herself for a week; in 
short, they are the most provoking com- 
pounds of folly, turpitude, ingratitude and 
idleness that can possibly be conceived by 
any one who has not lived in America.” 
In this same passage Mr. Breck tells how 
well off servants were in these early days. 
“With the wages which they receive they 
can, if prudent and constant, lay up money 
enough in two or three years to buy a hand- 
some tract of new land. I pay, for instance, 
to my cook one dollar and fifty cents, and 
chambermaid one dollar and twenty-five 
cents per week; to my gardener eleven dol- 
lars per month; to the waiter ten dollars; 
to the farm-servant ten dollars, etc., etc. 
Now, if they remain steady (with meat three 
times a day) for three or four years, they 
can lay by enough to purchase two or three 
hundred acres of new land, for their clothing 
does not (or at least ought not) cost them 
above twenty dollars per annum, so cheap 
are cottons of our own manufacture and of 
the manufacture of Great Britain.” 


_ Through Samuel Breck’s Recollections we 
share intimately in the household life of 
early American Philadelphia. His anec- 
dotes of Judge Peters and Belmont, his de- 
scriptions of the splendor and show of the 
Binghams, his recollections of Robert Morris, 
and of other notables, citizens or visitors, are 
the delight of historians. Living to the 
ripe age of ninety-one years, Judge Breck 
spanned the entire period of American his- 
tory from the War for Independence to the 
War for Union, and his notebooks are filled 
with vivid passages marking eventful 
changes in American life and manners. He 
himself was a power in the life of the city 
and the state. As State Senator he signed 
the bill for the emancipation of the slaves 
within the State; his legislative endeavors 
in behalf of internal improvements and early 
railroad development are too little known; 
the greatest act of his life, almost shame- 
fully forgotten, was the drafting of the bill 
that established in 1836 the common school 
system of the State of Pennsylvania. 


190 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 19—Some Early American Homes—26.3 m. 





LOUDOUN, GERMANTOWN, 1801 


High on the brow of Neglee’s hill it stands, built on ground once belonging to one of the thirteen original 


Mileage 


15.0 


16.1 
16.5 
16.6 
16.9 
17.0 


17.9 
18.0 


18.1 
18.9 
19.5 
21.0 
24.9 
20:2 
25.4 
26.3 


settlers of Germantown. It is occupied by descendants of James Logan and Thomas Armat. 


No. 5442 Germantown Ave., the Morris House, temporary home of the first and fore- 
most early American—President Washington. Built 1772. 

Stenton Ave.; turn sharp left. 

Dead end, at East Logan St.; turn right. 

Fork; keep right down steep hill on Lindley Ave. 

On left (high bank) Wakefield Park. 

16th St. Stop; walk left to entrance to park and Wakefield Mansion. Reverse on 
Lindley Avenue to 17.5 Stenton Ave.; turn left. 

Germantown Ave.; turn sharp right. 

Apsley St.; turn left. Stop. Walk up steps for view of Loudoun, Apsley and German- 
town Ave., northwest corner. Built 1801. 

Greene St.; turn right. 

W. Coulter St.; turn left. 19.5 Turn left and curve onto Midvale Ave. 

Pass Carlton on left. (See Route 10.) 

East River Drive; turn left. 22.0 Keep right. 


‘Bear right onto Pennsylvania Ave. 


23rd St.; turn right. 
Turn left onto Parkway. 
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


191 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 19—Some Early American Homes—26.3 m. 


The ride from Sweet Briar to Upsala in 
Germantown reveals all the enchantment of 
the West Park river scenery (7.4 to 10.6), 
unfolds the fairy vistas of the Wissahickon, 
and repeats the never failing magic of the 
Lincoln Drive. On the way we pass (7.9) 
Tom Moore’s Cottage (See Route 25); and 
later (12.4) the birthplace of David Ritten- 
house (See Route 13). 

Coming out on Germantown Avenue at 
Johnson Street, we reach at once Upsala 
(13.9), an exceptionally beautiful specimen 
of colonial architecture, although built in 
1798. Upsala is nearly opposite the Chew 
House. It was built by John Johnson, 
whose descendants still occupy it. The sur- 
rounding grounds are notable for their rare 
and beautiful trees. Upon what is now the 
front lawn of this house were placed the 
cannon trained upon the Chew House at the 
Battle of Germantown. 

At High Street and Germantown Avenue 
(14.6), walk to No. 25 High Street, the beau- 
tiful house built about 1796 by Daniel Pas- 
torius, great grandson of Francis Daniel 
Pastorius, founder of Germantown. The 
house stood once on Main Street, and the 
stone used in building the rear wing came 
from the original Pastorius homestead. 
Over the doorway is the old Pastorius motto. 

On the west side of Germantown Avenue, 
north of Chelten Avenue (14.8), far back 
from the thoroughfare, in Vernon Park, we 
find Vernon Mansion, now belonging to the 
city. The house was built in 1803. Bought 
and occupied in 1812 by John Wister, the 
son of Daniel Wister, the house became the 
home of John Wister the second, member of 
Congress, who lived here until his death in 
1883. A picturesque statue of John Wister, 
gift of his grandson, stands near the beau- 
tiful doorway. The house is used as the 
Museum of the Germantown Site and Relic 
Society. 

Farther down Germantown’s historic 
thoroughfare, at No. 5442 Germantown Ave- 
nue, we meet again (See Route 8) the Morris 
House (15.0), ever memorable as the tem- 
porary home of the first and foremost early 
American—President Washington. 

The Morris House deserves notice also for 


its other occupants. It was built in 1772-73 
by “Honest David Deshler,” successful West 
India merchant, famed for his striking attire 
of olive-colored silk, velvet knee-breeches, 
and bright silver buckles, and for his fine 
consideration in changing the dimensions of 
his house rather than cut down a plum tree 
that grew at the side of his lot. The cele- 
brated “Deshler’s Salve” has virtues that are 
appreciated to this day. Washington rented 
this dignified old house from Colonel Isaac 
Franks, who has left documentary testimony 
as to the excellence of Mrs. Washington’s 
housekeeping by an item in his cash account : 
“Cash paid for cleaning my house and 
putting it in the same condition the Presi- 
dent received it in, $2.50.” In 1804 the house 
passed into the hands of Elliston and John 
Perot, two French merchants, who located in 
Philadelphia in business. Samuel B. Morris, 
son-in-law of Elliston Perot, acquired the 
house in 1834, and his son, Mr. Elliston 
Perot Morris, is the present owner. Mr. 
Morris is a direct descendant of Captain 
Samuel Morris who led the First City Troop 
during the Revolution, and whose son Luke 
first occupied the notable Morris House on 
South Eighth Street in Philadelphia with 
which this trip began. 

Wakefield (1795), in Wakefield Park, once 
belonging to William Logan Fisher, is well 
worth a visit. It is now occupied in part by 
the Germantown Chapter of the Colonial 
Dames (17.0). 

High on the brow of Neglee’s hill, some- 
times called Logan’s hill, occupying ground 
once belonging to one of the original thir- 
teen settlers of Germantown, at Apsley and 
Germantown Avenue, northwest corner, 
stands Loudoun (16.0). Named for a county 
in Virginia and bearing evidence in its beau- 
tiful architecture of its Southern origin, 
Loudoun was built in 1801 by Thomas 
Armat for his son. The house is now oc- 
cupied by members of the Logan family, 
descendants alike of James Logan, Penn’s 
secretary, and of Thomas Armat. Gustavus 
Logan, grandson of Dr. George Logan and 
of John Dickinson, married a daughter of 
the Armat family. 


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Route 20—Souvenirs of the Early Artists 





FOUNDER OF THE OLDEST ART ACADEMY IN AMERICA 


Charles Willson Peale’s portrait of himself—“The Artist in His Museum’—is one of the treasures of 
the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, founded in Philadelphia in 1805. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 20—Souvenirs of the Early Artists—4.8 m. 


In this trip Philadelphia is revealed as the home of the historic portrait, the birthplace of the oldest art 
academy in America, and the treasure-house of historic reminders of the early artists. Indeed Philadelphia 
has been accorded the distinction of being the birthplace of art in this country, since here was born, January 20, 
1720, James Claypoole, the first native painter of whom we know; and in 1756, William Rush, the first native 


born American sculptor. In Washington’s day a galaxy of artists gave Philadelphia pre-eminence. 


The full 


story of Philadelphia’s place in American art is admirably told in Helen W. Henderson’s ‘‘The Pennsylvania 
Academy of the Fine Arts, And other Collections of Philadelphia.”’ 


OUNDED by citizens of Philadelphia 

in 1805, the Pennsylvania Academy of 
the Fine Arts, Broad and Cherry Streets, 
is the oldest art academy in America, and 
antedates the formation of the London Na- 
tional Gallery by nineteen years. 

Over the doorway of the present build- 
ing (0.1) is to be seen the colossal muti- 
lated Greek statue of Ceres that once stood 
in a corner of the courtyard of the first 
Academy building, erected in 1806 on Chest- 
nut Street, north side, between Tenth and 
Eleventh, and burned down in 1845. The 
Academy was rebuilt on the original site, but 
was removed to the present location in 1876. 

Going into the Academy, confine atten- 
tion to the paintings and portraits of sur- 
passing historic interest. 

Stand first before Charles Willson Peale’s 
full length “The Artist in His Museum,” 
painted in Peale’s eighty-third year. Peale 
deserves wider public recognition as the real 
instigator and founder of the Academy. In 
the Board Room may be seen the venerable 
parchment, dated December 26, 1805, creat- 
ing the Art Academy, and signed by seventy- 
one progressive citizens of the times, in- 
cluding Peale. Here also is Peale’s portrait 
of George Clymer, first president of the 
Academy. 

Look next at the admirable historic por- 
traits of Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin West, by 
Matthew Pratt (1734-1805), reproductions 
of which are found in Route 15. Benjamin 
West, at the time president of the Royal 
Academy in London, was elected in 1805 the 
first honorary member of the Academy. The 
Pratt portraits are specimens of the earliest 
American portrait painter represented in the 
Academy, Pratt’s birth preceding West’s by 
four years. Matthew Pratt was the nephew 
of James Claypoole, a Philadelphian, the 
first native American artist of whom we 


have information, who has left no tangible 
evidence of his prowess except in the skill 
of his nephew. 

The Lansdowne portrait of Washington, 
by Gilbert Stuart, should next claim atten- 
tion. Painted from life in Philadelphia in 
1796, in Stuart’s studio in a building once 
standing on the site of the Drexel Building, 
southeast corner of Fifth and Chestnut 
Streets, it is the greatest portrait in the most 
important collection of historic portraits in 
America. It came to the Academy in 1811 
from the estate of William Bingham for 
whom it was painted. A reproduction will 
be found in Route 8. 

Nearby is to be seen Sully’s life-size por- 
trait of the actor George Frederick Cooke, 
as Richard III. 


Turn now to the Academy’s permanent 
collection of historic portraits, extended in 
recent years by a loan collection, organized 
in 1887 through the efforts of Mr. Charles 
Henry Hart, for twenty years (1882-1902) 
chairman of the exhibition committee. The 
noble group of portraits by Gilbert Stuart 
(1755-1827), is an ancestral picture gallery 
of Philadelphia’s wit, beauty and genius, 
and the glory of the Academy. It should 
not be allowed to bewilder in a single visit. 
Of the twenty-four Stuarts represented in 
the collection one should single out at first 
a few portraits that are exceptional either 
for historic interest, or for rare skill on the 
part of the greatest of American portrait 
painters ; or that have some personal appeal. 
Experts are agreed that the “Lansdowne 
Washington” is the picce de résistance of the 
collection. Stuart’s copy of his most famous 
portrait of Washington, known from its 
Boston possessors as the Athenaeum por- 
trait, although not the best of the many ex- 
tant, is especially noticeable. The portrait 
of John Nixon, prominent patriot and citi- 


196 


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DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 20—Souvenirs of the Early Artists—4.8 m. 


zen of Philadelphia, who read publicly for 
the first time the Declaration of Independ- 
ence, is regarded by the critics as a supreme 
example of Stuart’s technique and of his 
ability as a painter of men of vigorous per- 
sonality. Stuart’s portrait sketch of Mrs. 
Samuel Blodgett, the beautiful daughter of 
Dr. William Smith, provost of the Univer- 
sity, and friend and patron of Stuart, has 
been pronounced to be the finest female head 
that Stuart produced. 

From Stuart turn to his distinguished 
successor Thomas Sully (1783-1872), who 
once lived at Fifth and Ranstead Streets in 
a house specially built for him by Stephen 
Girard. The half-length portrait of James 
Ross, painted in 1813, is regarded as Sully’s 
masterpiece in this collection. Sully’s two 
portraits of Fannie Kemble, popular as ac- 
tress and authoress in her day, preserve 
much of the vivacity, piquancy, and very 
great personal charm of the grandmother 
of Owen Wister, the novelist. In _ all, 
twelve portraits by Sully are owned by the 
Academy. : 

The portrait of Sully in his old age b 
Henry Inman (1801-1846), is the best por- 
trait extant of the artist. 

The painting of “Pat Ryan at the Forge,” 
an enlarged replica of the original now 
owned by the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, 
not only preserves a picturesque character in 
the early annals of Philadelphia, but is a 
striking example of the work of John Neagle 
(1796-1865), one of the illustrious group of 
early portrait painters who brought fame to 
themselves and Philadelphia. Notable por- 
traits by Neagle are to be found in St. 
George’s Hall, the Union League, the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, and the Philadel- 
phia Library Company. The Academy’s 
masterpiece by Neagle is the noble and beau- 
tiful portrait of Clayton Earl. 

Among the modest treasures of sculpture 
in the Academy search out the bust of Wil- 
liam Rush (1756-1833), a founder and orig- 
inator of the Academy along with Charles 
Willson Peale. A gifted woodcarver, Rush 
enjoys the distinction of being the first 
native born American sculptor. Rush’s orig- 
inal portrait of himself was carved from a 


pine knot. The original plaster cast of this 
is still preserved by the Academy. In the 
Academy collection is a number of portrait 
busts by Rush, including particularly Dr. 
Benjamin Rush, Captain Lawrence, Com- 
modore Bainbridge, Dr. Wistar, Dr. Physick, 
and Joseph Wright, the painter. 

Important as an historic relic is the “View 
of Central Square, on the 4th of July,” by 
John Lewis Krimmell, a young German 
painter, who came to Philadelphia in 1810, 
and exhibited the picture in 1812 at the 
second exhibition held by the Academy. It 
shows Penn Square, where the City Hall now 
stands, as it looked in 1812 (See reproduc- 
tion in Summary Route A). In the centre 
of the picture is seen Rush’s statue of “Leda 
and the Swan,” the model for which had been 
a famous beauty of. an old Philadelphia 
family. The original statue in wood was 
later cast in bronze, and this latter is still 
preserved at the old Water Works, now the 
Aquarium, in Fairmount Park. 

One picture in the general collection may 
claim special attention. “Ganymede,” or 
“Jove’s Cup Bearer,” the beautiful and 
precious representative of Guido Reni (1575- 
1642), old master of the Italian school, is 
not only a delight in itself as a bit of pure 
painting, but has a romantic history. It was 
one of a collection of paintings and engrav- 
ings despatched from Italy during the War 
of 1812 in a vessel that was captured and 
taken into Halifax. It was, however, re- 
stored to the Academy by the liberality of 
the British judge of the court of vice-ad- 
miralty, whose eloquence on the occasion is 
a bright episode in international history. 

On leaving the Academy stand in the 
great hallway and look back upon Ben- 
jamin West’s best known work, “Death on 
a Pale Horse,” (see reproduction in Route 
15), and remember that Charles Willson 
Peale, Gilbert Stuart, Joseph Wright, Mat- 
thew Pratt, and John Trumbull, all sought 
out West in London and became his pupils, 
revering him as the epitome of professional 
achievement and mundane success. If you 
have not made the trip devoted wholly to 
Benjamin West (see Route 15), see also 
West’s acknowledged masterpiece, “Christ 


198 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 20—Souvenirs of the Early Artists—4.8 m. 


The historic art treasures of Philadelphia can all be reached in little more than a half-hour drive. Many 
hours, however, are necessary to inspect and enjoy the complete collections. For this trip, devoted exclusively 
to Philadelphia’s historic early artists, an afternoon may well be taken, divided as follows: Academy of Fine 
Arts, 1 hr.; Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 20 min.; Independence Hall, 20 min.; Congress Hall, 10 min.; 
old City Hall, 10 min. For fuil details see ‘‘ Descriptive Itinerary.” 


Mileage 


0.0 
0.1 


0.8 
0.9 
1.0 


1.2 
1.8 


1.9 
2.0 
rae 
2.8 
3.2 
3.8 
4.8 


PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, north side. Go north on Broad St. 

Broad and Cherry Sts., southwest corner, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. 
Stop. Reverse on Broad St. to 

Spruce ot.; turn left. 

13th St.; turn left. 

Locust and 13th Sts., southwest corner, Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Stop. 
Continue on 13th St. to 

Chestnut St.; turn right. 

6th and Chestnut Sts., Independence Hall. Stop. Visit first Independence Hall; then 
Congress Hall, southeast corner of 6th and Chestnut Sts.; finally, the old City Hall. 
southwest corner of 5th and Chestnut Sts. Continue to 


5th St.; turn left 

Market St.; turn left. 

Curve right around City Hall. 

Bear diagonally right on Parkway. 

Curve right around Logan Circle. 

New Philadelphia Art Museum. Reverse to. 
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 





SULLY IN HIS OLD AGE—BY HENRY INMAN GILBERT STUART AT SEVENTY—BY JOHN NEAGLE 


Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. Pennsylvania Historical Society. 


199 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 20—Souvenirs of the Early Artists—4.8 m. 


Rejected,” painted when West was nearly 
eighty; now hanging on the north wall of 
the great alcove fronting on Broad Street. 

Coming to the Historical Society of Penn- 
sylvania (1.0), one finds a number of can- 
vases preserved here primarily for their his- 
toric value. On this visit we single out a 
few pictures important in the history of art 
in America. The portraits of Gustavus 
Hesselius (1682-1755), and his wife Lydia, 
painted by the artist himself, are the work 
of the pioneer painter in America, Hesselius 
having came to Philadelphia from Sweden 
in 1711 antedating John Smybert in New 
England, and John Watson in New Jersey. 
The oil portrait of Johannes Kelpius, the 
hermit of the Wissahickon, painted by Dr. 
Christopher Witt, is believed to be the first 
oil portrait painted in America (dating to 
1705), and as such is unique. Dr. Witt came 
to Philadelphia from England in 1704, and 
became one of the most remarkable men who 
ever lived in Germantown, being originally 
one of the hermits of the Wissahickon. 

The Historical Society possesses a num- 
ber of early portraits of Benjamin West, 
painted before his departure for Europe, and 
before he was twenty-one years of age. 
These include the portraits of Mr. and Mrs. 
William Henry, Mrs. Thomas Hopkinson, 
and Provost William Smith (identified as 
“William Smith as St. Ignatius”). The full- 
length portrait of William Hamilton, of 
Woodlands, and his niece, Ann Hamilton 
Lyle, is regarded by some as the most beau- 
tiful canvas of West in Philadelphia. 

Stuart is represented by a copy of the 
Athenaeum portrait, one of the best of this 
type in existence. Here also are his portraits 
of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Hopkinson. The 
portrait of Gilbert Stuart by John Neagle 
is of more than passing interest, Neagle 
being twenty-nine and Stuart seventy when 
the portrait was made. 

Charles Willson Peale is represented by 
his excellent portrait of Franklin, widely 
known through engravings. Peale’s Wash- 
ington is rot to be overlooked. His portrait 
of Mrs. Francis Hopkinson also is regarded 
as a distinguished example of his work. 
Sully’s portrait of himself and his portrait 


of Bishop White are chiefly of historic in- 
terest. Rembrandt Peale’s portrait of Martha 
Washington is also of genuine historic in- 
terest. John Trumbull (1756-1843), ardent 
patriot and before twenty a colonel on 
Washington’s staff, famous for his four large 
historical pictures in the Capitol at Wash- 
ington, is represented by a miniature on 
wood of Colonel William Jackson, Washing- 
ton’s private secretary. 

Before leaving the Historical Society see 
also Sully’s register of his work, covering 
his whole artistic career, and recording the 
painting of two thousand five hundred and 
twenty pictures, for which he-~ received 
$246,744, amounting to an average annual 
income of $3525. 

In looking at the historic portraits in In- 
dependence Hall, usually valued primarily 
for their historic significance, it is well to 
remember that this collection is based upon 
the numerous canvases secured by the city 
from the famous Peale Museum. Scattered 
through the various rooms in these historic 
buildings are over eighty portraits by Charles 
Willson Peale. Except for, interest in‘the 
Signers of the Declaration (usually found in 
the room to the immediate left on entrance), 
or in the members of the Supreme Court of 
Pennsylvania (usually found in the room to 
the immediate right), one need go no farther 
than the hallway to see the great specimens 
of the most distinguished American artists 
represented here. The full length portrait 
of Lafayette by Thomas Sully, which re- 
mained unfinished until 1833, was painted 
in Philadelphia on the occasion of Lafay- 
ette’s second and farewell visit in 1824. The 
full length portrait of Chevalier Gerard, the 
first French Minister accredited to the United 
States, is the chef d’oeuvre of the original 
Peale collection. 

In Congress Hall (1.8), southeast corner 
of Sixth and Chestnut Streets, is the im- 
portant collection of pastel portraits by 
James Sharpless (1751-1811), an English 
artist, who came to this country about 1794, 
and made portraits of the distinguished 
people of the period,—military, literary, and 
civil. Historically invaluable, the collection 
artistically is one of great merit. 


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DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 20—Souvenirs of the Early Artists—4.8 m. 





INTERIOR OF THE ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS 


In the old City Hall (1.8), we find West’s 
replica of his “Penn’s Treaty With the In- 
dians.” West’s colorful full-length portrait 
of James Hamilton, the Royal Governor of 
Pennsylvania, whose father, Andrew Hamil- 
ton, was the architect of the Old State 
House, has been removed to Independence 
Hall. This canvas was attributed for years 
to Matthew Pratt, West’s distinguished pupil. 

In the large south chamber of this build- 
ing, second floor, as a stirring climax to this 
trip, may be seen relics of Stuart, Sully, and 
Trumbull. Preserved in a raised glass case 
is the palette of Gilbert Stuart, given by 
Thomas Sully to Christian Schuessels, and 
by him to Stephen James Ferris who passed 
it on to vhisson)°the artists ipeloe Gm cereis, 
now so well represented in Congress Hall. 
In the same case is Sully’s painting stand and 


his palette, also loaned by Mr. Ferris. A 
stirring relic is John Trumbull’s original 
paint box, used by Trumbull when aid-de- 
camp to General Washington. The box is 
just as he left it, with palette, brushes, and 
pigments in bottles—the blue pigment being 
especially noteworthy as true ultramarine, 
or lapis lazuli, said to be today almost non- 
existent as a color. 

This trip may fittingly conclude with a 
view of the new Philadelphia Art Museum 
(3.8), still in course of construction. The 
Elkins Collection, now installed, is open for 
public inspection. Memorial Hall, West 
Fairmount Park, should be visited for the 
Wilstach Collection, founded in 1892, as the 
nucleus of a municipal art gallery. The 
Johnson Collection, No. 570 South Broad 
Street, is included in Route 18. 


202 


Route 21—Thomas Leiper and the Beginnings of Railroads 





DOORWAY OF AVONDALE—IIOME OF THOMAS LEIPER 


Hidden away in Crum Creek Valley is the most beautiful doorway in Delaware County. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 21—Thomas Leiper and the Beginnings of 
Railroads—36.4 m. 





A happy afternoon may be spent in and about Philadelphia in hunting up the beginnings of railroads, 
for Philadelphia is the original starting point of the first great railroad highway to the West, the birthplace 
of the model railroad system of the United States, the home if not the birthplace of the American locomotive, 
and the scene of the pioneer experimenting in railroading in America, which led to the building of the first 
railroad in Pennsylvania. This trip, after including many places of curious interest in the city, finally brings 
the tourist by an unusual but scenically attractive route to Avondale and the lovely old home on Crum Creek 
where Thomas Leiper, pioneer experimenter, built his first railroad. 





T the northwest corner of the City Hall 
Plaza see at the start the statue of 
Matthias W. Baldwin (0.0), founder of the 
Baldwin Locomotive Works, and builder of 
“Old Ironsides,” parent of American loco- 
motives. . “Old Ironsides” was the first 
steam-engine operated in Philadelphia, 
making its first trip November, 1832, from 
Ninth and Green Streets to Germantown. 
This is the famous engine that was not taken 
out in the wet, but on rainy days was dis- 
placed by horses! 
Across the street from the Baldwin statue 








stands Broad Street Station (0.0), head- 
quarters of the Pennsylvania Railroad, first 
organized April 13, 1846, and first opened 
as a through transportation line connecting 
Philadelphia and Pittsburgh in 1852. Today 
the Pennsylvania Railroad System operates 
a total trackage of 27,662 miles, over half of 
which is west of Pittsburgh; and soon famil- 
iar Broad Street Station is to yield to the 
march of progress and be superseded by a 
great passenger terminal station on the west 
bank of the Schuylkill River, at Thirtieth 
and Market Streets. Karl Bittig’s masterly 





KARL BITTIG’S BAS-RELIEF IN BROAD STREET STATION 


When the Pennsylvania Railroad Station was erected in 1878 it represented the highwater mark of railroad 
construction and the triumphal march of transportation. 


204 


' MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 21—Thomas Leiper and the Beginnings of 
Railroads—36.4 m. 


Driving time about 3 hrs. An additional hour may easily be used for points of interest on the way, includ- 
ing 30 minutes at Avondale Place and Village, Thomas Leiper’s home on Crum Creek. For full details see 
“Descriptive Itinerary.” 


Mileage 
0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, northwest plaza, at statue of Mathias W. Baldwin. Visit 
Broad St. Station. Start south, encircling City Hall, passing 
0.2 The Wanamaker Store, originally ‘“‘The Grand Depot.’”? Go north on Broad St. 
0.8 Baldwin Locomotive Works, Broad below Spring Garden St., on left. 
0.9 Spring Garden St.; turn right. 
1.4 One block to left, “Ninth and Green Sts.” Pass under the Philadelphia and Reading 
R.R. bridge leading to the Reading Terminal, 12th and Market Sts. 
Piooe turn leit. 2.1~ Poplar St.; turn right. 
2.4 2nd St.; stop and visit site of the Bull’s Head Tavern, 2nd St. above Poplar, east side 
(now a moving-picture theatre). 
2.5 Front St.; turn left under Frankford ‘“L.” Stop, noting old houses at Nos. 914-16 and 
932-36 North Front St. 2.9 Girard Ave.; turn left. . 
5.2 College Ave.; turn right. 5.3 Girard Ave.; turn left. 
5.8 Cross bed of old Columbia Railroad. 6.0 Cross Girard Ave. bridge. 
6.2 Right under R.R. bridge. 6.4 Right and immediately left onto West River Drive. 


i 





INTERIOR OF THE BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS 


The oldest locomotive works in America, and the largest builders of locomotive engines in the world, this 
company in 1918 finished eighty-seven locomotives in a single week. 


205 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 21—Thomas Leiper and the Beginnings of Railroads—36.4 m. 





THE READING TERMINAL 


‘Successor of the station at ‘Ninth and Green,” from 
which the Reading Railroad ran in 1832 the first engine 
operated in Philadelphia. 


basrelief on the second floor of Broad Street 
Station, representing the triumphal march of 
transportation, deserves renewed apprecia- 
tion before its removal. 

Encircling the City Hall, note the Wana- 
maker Store (0.2), on the right, known in 
its early history as “The Grand Depot,” the 
original store building having been a ca- 
pacious railroad station. Long before the 
days of city street cars, railroad cars, drawn 
by horses, were run on Market Street from 
Kighth to Broad, up Broad to Willow, and 
thence out to Fairmount and the Columbia 
Railroad bridge across the Schuylkill, there 
to be hauled up the inclined plane to Bel- 
mont, the starting point of the first rail- 
road to the West. 

Up Broad Street, on the left, extending 
to Spring Garden Street, stands the Baldwin 
Locomotive Works (0.8), a Philadelphia in- 
dustry of international importance that has 
spread Philadelphia’s name and fame 
throughout the civilized world. In 1831, 
the year the company was founded, Matthias 
Baldwin constructed an ingenious experi- 
mental toy engine big enough to drag two 
carriages, each holding two people, around a 
track laid in Franklin Peale’s Museum, much 
to the joy and excitement of the public. 


206 


Going east on Spring Garden Street, at 
Ninth Street, we catch a glimpse, on the 
left, of “Ninth and Green” (1.3), for many 
years the original terminal of the Philadel- 
phia and Reading Railway; incorporated in 
1833, commenced in 1835, and first opened 
for the public use July 17, 1838. The Read- 
ing Railroad to Germantown, however, was 
first operated in 1832. 

Second and Poplar Streets (2.4) is the 
scene of the first experimental railroad in 
Pennsylvania. The old “Bull’s Head Tay- 
ern,” by the side of which Thomas Leiper in 
September, 1809, made his epoch-making ex- 
periment in railroad construction, has now 
disappeared. The story of Leiper’s pioneer 
experiment is full of dramatic interest. It 
led, in the year 1809, to his building from his 
stone-quarries on Crum Creek, Delaware 
County, to his boat landing at Ridley Creek, 
one mile distant, what proved to be the first 
railroad in Pennsylvania and the second in 
the United States. By the side of the Bull’s 
Head Tavern, and probably extending to 
Front Street, Leiper directed the building of 
a trial track one hundred and eighty feet 
long, with rails of wood, by means of which 
he demonstrated that a horse with ease could 
drag up an incline a car loaded with five 
tons. Of surpassing interest is the fact that 
the real factor in this experiment was John 
Thomson, a civil engineer of Delaware 
County, who built this track, and then se- 
cured the contract to build Leiper’s railroad 
from quarry to creek. This John Thomson 
was the father of J. Edgar Thomson, des- 
tined to lead the way in American railroad 
development as engineer, and for twenty- 
two years (1852-1874) president, of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad. 

Proceeding to Front Street (2.5), we pass 
more than one ancient house whose early 
occupants doubtless witnessed this epoch- 
making experiment. 

Out Girard Avenue, shortly before reach- 
ing the bridge across the Schuylkill River, 
we cross the bed of the old Columbia Rail- 
road (5.8). By this road cars were drawn 
from Broad and Market Streets across the 
old covered Columbia Bridge to the foot of 


Route 21—Thomas Leiper and the Beginnings of Railroads—36.4 m. 





THE BULL’S HEAD TAVERN—ORIGINAL DRAWING BY FRANK H. TAYLOR 


By the side of this old hostelry, once at Second and Poplar Streets, Philadelphia, Thomas Leiper, in 
1809, set up the first experimental railroad in America. 





COURTYARD OF THE BULL’S HEAD TAVERN--BY FRANK H. TAYLOR 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 21—Thomas Leiper and the Beginnings of Railroads—36.4 m. 





THE INCLINED PLANE AT BELMONT 


An old print shows how the cars were hauled to the top 
of Belmont plateau to be sent speeding over the first rail- 
road to the West, 1834. 


the inclined plane at Belmont. The Phila- 
delphia and Columbia Railway, authorized 
by the Legislature March 24, 1828, was built 
by the State, and completed in October, 
1834, supplanting the stage-coach, the con- 
estoga, and the way-side inn. 

By way of the West River Drive in Fair- 
mount Park (6.4), we approach the modern 
railroad bridge (6.7) which now displaces 
the old Columbia bridge. An early trav- 
eller, writing in 1836, has left a description 
that fits the scene even today (7.2). 

Beyond the Belmont Water Works we 
reach the foot of the inclined plane (7.3). 
This train “elevator” was more than nine 
hundred yards in length, had a perpendicular 
rise of about one hundred and seventy feet, 


and ran by Judge Peter’s farm, on the sum- 
mit of Belmont. Here was once a busy, 
bustling scene. The traveller of 1836 thus 
described it: “At the foot of the inclined 
plane the horses were loosed from the cars ; 
several of which (the number being in the 
inverse proportion of the weight), were tied 
to an endless rope, moved by a steam engine 
placed on the top of the plane, and presently 
began to mount the acclivity with the speed 
of five miles an hour. No accident occurred, 
notwithstanding old Mrs. Redridinghood had 
frightened one of our company out of the 
car by a direful tale of broken ropes and 
necks and legs and arms. When the cars 
had all arrived at the top of the plane, some 
twelve or fourteen were strung together like 
beads, and fastened to the latter end of a 
steam tug, which was already wheezing, 
puffing and smoking, as if anxious to be off.” 
Such a start did the erstwhile railroad trav- 
eller to the West have to make! 

By a winding route by the side of Bel- 
mont plateau (7.4), passing through beau- 
tiful stretches of Park scenery, we reach 
Lansdowne Drive (8.2), and come soon, on 
the left, to Sweet Briar Mansion (9.1), built 
in 1797, the home for thirty-nine years of 
Judge Samuel Breck, whose delightful 
“Recollections” (1771-1862) have done so 
much to vivify “the good old days” in 
Philadelphia (See Route 19). It was Judge 
Breck’s report to the Pennsylvania Legis- 
lature in 1845, embodying the results of a 





THIRTEENTH AND MARKET STREETS IN 1876—NOW THE SITE OF THE WANAMAKER STORE 
208 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 21—Thomas Leiper and the Beginnings of Railroads—36.4 m. 





AVONDALE, 1785 


On beautiful Crum Creek, in the heart of a picturesque glen, stands the home of the pioneer experimenter 
in railroading in America. : 


Mileage 
6.7 View of Columbia Bridge, on right. 6.9 Old Canal, on right. 
7.2 View up Schuylkill River, showing Peter’s Island under new Columbia Bridge. 
7.3 Belmont Water Works, on left. Bridge ahead. Turn left. Foot of inclined plane, at 
western end of Columbia Bridge, on right. 
7.4 Bear left around Belmont plateau. 
7.7 Turn left, and immediately left, passing Horticultural Hall, on right, encircling same to 
Japanese Garden. 
8.2 Turn left, and immediately left, onto Lansdowne Drive. 
8.4 Memorial Hall, on right. 8.7 Smith Memorial, on right. Turn left to 
9.1 Sweet Briar Mansion, built by Samuel Breck, 1797. 9.3 Pass William Penn House. 
9.4 Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge across the Schuylkill River; line to New York. 
9.5 Turn right onto Girard Ave. 
10.0 Lancaster Ave.; turn right, and immediately left onto Girard Ave. 
11.9 61st St.; turn left. 13.6 Cross Cobb’s Creek Boulevard. 
13.7 Baltimore Ave.; turn right. 
14.8 Union St.; turn left. 15.2 Lincoln Ave.; turn right. 
15.5 Lansdowne Ave.; turn left, and immediately right onto Providence Road. 
16.7. Pass Aldan Sta. on Sharon Hill trolley to 69th St. Sta. 
17.0 Bear right, avoiding left fork. 


209 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 21—Thomas Leiper and the Beginnings of Railroads—36.4 m. 


survey he made of the railroads then exist- 
ing in the country, that was used as a basis 
for the legislation that authorized the or- 
ganization of the Pennsylvania Railroad 
Company, and gave authority to extend the 
line from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh. It is 
amusing to find, however, that Mr. Breck 
some years before, when the railroad first 
began to usurp the coach, was not so en- 
thusiastic over this new method of travelling. 
Writing in 1839, he said: “The modern 
fashion in all these things is ‘to go ahead,’ 
push on, keep moving, and the faster the 
better—never mind comfort or security or 
pleasure. Dash away, and annihilate space 
by springing at a single jump, as it were, 
from town to town, whether you have press- 
ing business or not.” And he concludes: 
“After all, the old-fashioned way of five or 
six miles an hour, with one’s own horses and 
carriage, with liberty to drive decently to a 
decent inn and be master of one’s movements, 
with the delight of seeing the country and 
getting along rationally, is the mode to which 
I cling, and which will be adopted again by 
the generations of after times.” 

Leaving Sweet Briar by automobile for 
the long but delightful ride through city 
and country to the glen of Avondale, speed- 
ing or lingering at will, the modern traveller 
enjoys more than the fulfillment of Mr. 
Breck’s prophecy. At the rear of Sweet 
Briar we catch a glimpse of the railroad 
in the glen (9.1), which brings back Mr. 
Breck’s early indictment of “the only way 
of travelling.” “If one could stop when one 
wanted, and if one were not locked up in a 
box with fifty or sixty tobacco-chewers ; and 
the engine and fire did not burn holes in one’s 
clothes; and the springs and hinges didn’t 
make such a racket; and the smell of the 
smoke, the oil and of the chimney did not 
poison one; and if one could see the country, 
and were not in danger of being blown sky 
high or knocked off the rails,—it would be 
the perfection of travelling.” 

Coming to the Pennsylvania Railroad 
bridge (9.4) across the Schuylkill River, 
near Girard Avenue, over which 631 trains 
pass daily, going and coming over the New 
York Division, conjures up the perfection of 


modern railroad service, with its extensive 
parlor car comforts and the luxury of twen- 
tieth century “limiteds.” 

The route out Girard Avenue to Sixty- 
first Street (11.9), thence to Baltimore Ave- 
nue (13.7), and then over this second turn- 
pike route to Baltimore (first authorized in 
1809), brings us by way of attractive by- 
roads past Strathhaven Inn (20.9) to the 
iron-bridge over Crum Creek, and to the 
winding road (21.2) by the side of the creek 
that leads to the glen where in 1809 was 
built the first railroad in Pennsylvania. 

Avondale Place (21.5) is built on the 
side of a hill. A walk up to the worn door- 
steps brings one face to face with “the most 
beautiful doorway in Delaware County.” 
Behind the house may be seen a curious 
stone building, with narrow windows and 
iron-bound doors, built and used by Thomas 
Leiper as a private bank vault. On the creek 
road (21.6), to the left, is the old Leiper 
quarry. Nearby Leiper built a snuff mill, 
a cotton mill, and a grist mill, now mostly in 
ruins. The old stone houses built for his 
quarry-men still stand in Avondale Village 
(21.6), and are occupied by the present gen- 
eration of Italian workmen. 

On leaving Avondale we pass first under 
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (21.8), a 
recent road and not to be confused with 
Leiper’s railroad. About a mile from Avon- 
dale, on the Providence road, we turn into 
Lapidea Road (22.7), gaining shortly (23.0), 
on the left, a good view of “Lapidea,” with 
its modern mansion and up-to-date farm 
buildings. This estate, recently sold in part, 
is owned by Ex-Governor Sproul. The 
property and the old house that once stood 
on it belonged to Thomas Leiper’s son, 
George Grey Leiper. Dipping down hill, 
we soon cross the track of the modern single 
track railroad skirting Lapidea, on its way 
from the Avondale quarry to Ridley Creek. 
This is the original bed and right of way of 
Thomas Leiper’s first railroad (23.3). Leiper’s 
first railroad was operated successfully for 
nineteen years. The first track was of wood. 
Later stone was substituted. Horses and 
oxen were used to draw the cars. The road 
was built in 1809, soon after Leiper’s famous 


210 





At 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 21—Thomas Leiper and the Beginnings of Railroads—36.4 m. 


Aerial photograph by Victor Dallin 
LAPIDEA—SCENE OF THE FIRST RAILROAD IN PENNSYLVANIA 
the upper leit is Providence Road between Media and Chester. Hidden in the trees in the center 


is Lapidea, the estate of Ex-Governor Sproul. Skirting the extreme right is the original roadbed of 
Thomas Leiper’s pioneer railroad (1809). 


Mileage 
17.9 
19.1 
19.8 
20.9 
PAZ 
21.5 
21.8 
PIR 
23.0 
23.3 


23.6 
24.5 
20.5 
30.0 
33.3 


33.7 
35.0 
35.5 
Soe 


Turn left, at Secane Sta. 18.0 Turnright. 19.0 Turn right. 

Turn left at Morton Sta., following trolley. 

Jog right and immediately left onto Yale Ave. 

Strathaven Inn, on right. Cross iron bridge over Crum Creek. Bear left. 

Turn left along Crum Creek into Avondale Valley; avoid right-hand road up grade. 
Avondale Place, 1785. Stop. 21.6 Leiper’s quarry, on left. Avondale village. 

Pass under railroad bridge. 22.5 Providence Road; turn left. 

Lapidea Road; turn left. Entrance to Lapidea, home of Ex.-Gov. Sproul. 

Turn left; view of Lapidea on left. 

Original bed and line of Thomas Leiper’s first railroad (1809). 

Cross Crum Creek. Ruins of original canal and lock. 

Fairview Road; turn right. 24.2 Cross railroad at Eddystone Station. 

Chester Pike at Leiperville; turn left. 

Baldwin Locomotive Works, Eddystone. 

Darby. 31.9 The J. G. Brill Car Shops. 33.2 Gray’s Ferry Road; turn right. 
Obelisk, P. W. & B. Railroad Monument, to the right, on a hilly ridge high above rail- 
road tracks. 

On right, tracks of the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad. 

Turn left with trolley onto 23rd St. 

Pass Chestnut St. On left, 24th and Chestnut Sts., Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Sta. 
Market St.; turn right. 36.4 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


7AM 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 21—Thomas Leiper and the Beginnings of Railroads—36.4 m. 





P. W. & B. RAILROAD MONUMENT 


Commemorates the first railroad communication with the 
South, 1838. 

experiment at Second and Poplar Streets in 
Philadelphia. It reached from the quarry 
at Avondale to tidewater on Ridley Creek. 
It solved the big problem of the Leiper 
quarry—how to get its product to tidewater 
without ox-wagons and dirt roads. 

As we cross Crum Creek, we get another 
view of the Crum Creek canal and its fast 
disappearing lock (23.3). This is one of the 


two original:locks in the canal opened with 


great ceremony in 1829 by Thomas Leiper’s 
son. As early as 1791 Thomas Leiper, with- 
out success, had sought legislative permis- 
sion to cut a canal from his quarry to Ridley 
Creek. Foiled in his attempt, he built his 
historic railroad. Thirty-eight years after 
his first attempt, his son’s efforts were 
crowned with success. 

Turning right on the Fairview road (23.6), 
we pass through Leiperville (24.5), where a 
great-granddaughter of Thomas Leiper still 
lives. On the outskirts of Leiperville (25.5), 
we find at Eddystone the new and enlarged 
home of the Baldwin Locomotive Works, 
located here by geographic and economic 
advantage as well as by poetic and historic 
right. 

Returning to the city by way of the old 
Chester Pike, we still meet with reminders 
of the beginnings of railroads, railways, and 


great industries that have sprung from their 
growth and development. The J. G. Brill 
Car Company at Sixty-second and Woodland 
Avenue (31.9) is a Philadelphia industry 
of national and international reputation and 
importance. The Philadelphian, when trav- 
elling in his own country or in distant lands, 
is repeatedly warmed by memories of home 
evoked by the name of “Brill.” Brill cars are 
to be found the world over. 

Crossing Gray’s Ferry Bridge we spy out, 
on the right (33.3), on a rising bit of tri- 
angular ground, far beyond at the intersec- 
tion of the railroads, the  obelisk-like 
monument (mistaken often for a tombstone) 
that commemorates the substitution of the 
‘iron steed” for the cumbersome coach, and 
marks the opening of the first railroad com- 
munication with the South, December 25, 
1838. On the eastern face of this monument 
we find carved the names of the first officers 
and directors of the Philadelphia, Wilming- 
ton, and Baltimore Railroad, with the name 
of Matthew Newkirk at the head as presi- 
dent. On the base we are reminded that this 
railroad was formed in 1838 by a union of 
the several charters obtained from Pennsyl- 
vania, Maryland, and Delaware, and then 
(showing the sentiment of the men of this 
period) that the work was commenced July 
4, 1835, and completed December 25, 1838. 
A final characteristic American touch, 
however, is the addition: “At a cost of 
$4,000,000.” 

At Chestnut Street and Twenty-third we 
pass the station of the Baltimore and Ohio 
Railroad (35.5), which made its first entry 
into Philadelphia in August, 1886. 


+ 





BALTIMORE, AND OHIO RAILROAD STATION 
Twenty-fourth and Chestnut Streets. 


Zaz 


Route 22—Stephen Girard—Patriot and Philanthropist 


/ 
STATUE AND SARCOPHAGUS OF STEPHEN GIRARD 


In the south vestibule of the Main Building of Girard College is the tomb of the founder, surmounted 
by Gevelot’s life-size statue. 





DESCRIPTIVE 


ITINERARY 


Route 22—Stephen Girard—Patriot and Philanthropist—14.4 m. 


The climax of this trip is a visit to Girard College, which no one should fail to see. Justly regarded as 


one of the most notable institutions of Philadelphia, it is also one of the most noble. 


As a suitable back- 


ground for a visit to the College this trip provides glimpses of historic spots here and there in old Philadel- 
phia indelibly associated with the great patriot and philanthropist. 


TEPHEN GIRARD, “mariner and mer- 

chant,” enshrined in the hearts of the 
Philadelphia public for his long life of in- 
dustry and patriotism as well as for his 
noble philanthropies, most appropriately 
is honored at the very central shrine of the 
city itself. 

On the west plaza of the City Hall stands 
the heroic statue of Girard (0.0), presented 
by the Alumni of Girard College, May 20, 
1897, to commemorate the fiftieth anniver- 
sary of the admission of boys into the col- 
lege. 

The Girard Trust Company, Broad and 
Chestnut Streets (0.1), honors in its name the 
industry, prudence, and fidelity of Stephen 
Girard. This institution, however, should 
not be confounded with the Girard National 
Bank, the successor of Girard’s own private 
bank, still standing on Third Street below 
Chestnut. 

Reaching Third Street (1.3), by way of 
Broad and Spruce, on Third Street below 
Walnut, east side, we visit old St. Paul’s 
Protestant Episcopal Church (1.5), built in 
1762, and now abandoned to mission work. 
Here on June 6, 1777, Stephen Girard, a year 
after his arrival in Philadelphia, was married 
to the youthful Mary Lumm, daughter of a 
well-known ship-builder. The interior of 
the church should not be missed. 

Farther up on Third Street, just south 
of Chestnut, on the west side (1.6), we come 
upon the oldest bank building in the United 
States, now the Girard National Bank, direct 
successor of Stephen Girard’s private bank 
established in this building from 1812 until 
1832. Originally the first United States 
Bank, this classic building was erected in 
1797. In June, 1812, Girard bought the 
building and set up as a private banker. It 
was Stephen Girard and this bank that 
brought the United States safely through the 
War of 1812. When in 1814 the United 


States Government faced financial ruin, since 
a national loan of five million dollars evoked 
subscriptions amounting only to twenty thou- 
sand dollars, Girard subscribed the whole of 
the remainder, and made possible the suc- 
cessful conclusion of the war. 


On Delaware Avenue, north of Market 
Street, west side (2.0), we pass the orig- 
inal estate of Stephen Girard. A short walk 
up the quaint narrow street here brings one 
to Water Street, where at No. 43 North 
Water Street, once stood Stephen Girard’s 
home. Here Girard entertained many dis- 
tinguished French refugees, including Tal- 
leyrand and Louis Philippe. The river front 
at this point Girard made the shipping centre 
of the city. The great modern concrete 
piers on Delaware Avenue north of Market 
Street, Municipal Piers No. 3 and No. 5, 
known as the New Girard Group (1923), 
are a partial realization of his vision of the 
City of Philadelphia as a world’s port. In 
his will he gave the City a half million of 
dollars for the improvement of the river 
front. Four and one-half millions of dollars 
were spent by the City in building the 
Girard Group, which increased the port’s 
cargo-handling capacity by two million tons 
annually. 


The office of the Girard Estate, managed 
under the Board of City Trusts, is Room 
512 Lafayette Building, Fifth and Chestnut 
Streets. Girard died one of the richest men 
in the country, leaving a fortune amounting 
to seven millions and a half. Two of these 
millions he left for the erection and endow- 
ment of Girard College, designed for the 
education of poor white male orphans; the 
City of Philadelphia, the State of Pennsyl- 
vania, his relatives, and various charitable 
institutions in and about Philadelphia were 
also beneficiaries. 


A drive of four and a half miles brings 


us to the old farm and farmhouse of Stephen 
Girard, now preserved amid attractive sur- 


214 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 22—Stephen Girard—Patriot and Philanthropist—14.4 m. 





Driving time about 1 hr. 15 min. An additional hour should be divided: St. Paul’s Church, 10 min.; 
Girard’s Bank, 5 min.; Girard Estate, Delaware Avenue, 5 min.; Girard’s Farmhouse, 5 min.; Girard College, 
35 min. Much longer time is required to inspect and enjoy Girard College adequately. Admission is by 
card, which may be obtained at the Girard Estate Office, Room 517, Lafayette Building, Fifth and Chestnut 
Streets, or at the Mayor’s Office. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.” 





Mileage 


0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, at statue of Stephen Girard, west plaza. Go south on 
Broad St. ; 
0.1 -Chestnut and Broad Sts., northwest corner, Girard Trust Co. 
0.4 Spruce St.; turn left. 
0.9 8th St., Pennsylvania Hospital. Continue on Spruce St. 
35 Std: turn lett. 
-1.5 St. Paul’s P. E. Church, 3rd St. below Walnut, east side. 
1.6 Girard’s Bank (1812-32), 3rd St. south of Chestnut, west side; originally the first 
U.S. Bank, and now the Girard National Bank. Stop. 
1.6 Chestnut St.; turn right. 
1.9 Delaware Ave.; turn left. 
2.0 Estate of Stephen Girard, Delaware Ave. north of Market St. Stop. 
Deleeenrcn, of. turn left: 
ZO eoixtiteot.: turn left. 
3.2 Pine St.; turn right. 
4.0 Broad St.; turn left. 
5.9 Shunk St.; turn right. 
6.5 21st St. and Shunk, entrance to Girard Park, and Farmhouse of Stephen Girard. Turn 
right and continue on 21st St. to 
6.8 Passyunk Ave.; turn right. 
7.0 Girard School, Passyunk Ave., west of 18th St. 





NEW GIRARD GROUP OF MUNICIPAL PIERS 


Built opposite the Girard Estate on Delaware Avenue, they are a partial realization of the great mer- 
chant’s vision of Philadelphia as a world’s port. 


215 


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MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 22—Stephen Girard—Patriot and Philanthropist—14.4 m. 

Mileage ‘ 

7.4 Broad St.; turn left. 
10.7 Girard Ave., turn left. 
11.4 Girard College; main entrance, Girard Ave. opposite Corinthian Ave. Stop. Continue 

west on Girard Ave. 

11.7 Bear right onto Poplar St. 
11.8 Turn right onto West College Ave., turn right into North College Ave. 
12.4 Ridge Ave.; turn right. 
12.5 - Thompson St.; turn left. 
12.9 Broad St.; turn right. 
14.4 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 





FACADE OF GIRARD STATUE, CITY HALL PLAZA 


The statue was erected by the Alumni of Girard College in 1897 to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary 
of the admission of boys to the college. 


LAW) 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 22—Stephen Girard—Patriot and Philanthropist—14.4 m. 


\ 


aN 


THE GIRARD FARM HOUSE 


Located in Girard Park, Twenty-first and Shunk Streets. 
Here Girard drew up his celebrated will. 


roundings in Girard Park, Twenty-first and 
Shunk Streets (6.5). In this old farmhouse, 
when he was eighty years old, Girard held 
many conferences with his lawyer, arrang- 
ing the terms of his famous will. All of his 
belongings once in the old house are now at 
Girard College. Girard spent even his lei- 
sure hours working on his farm, for he be- 
lieved in the gospel of work, once saying: 
“The love of labor is my highest ambition.” 
The extensive land belonging to the original 
farm has now been converted into the 
“Girard Estate,” the trustees of the Girard 
fund having used this great trust to demon- 
strate the possibilities of modern housing. 

On Passyunk Avenue, west of Eighteenth 
Street, we pass the old Girard School (7.0), 
still in use, and quaintly preserved under the 
shadow of a magnificent modern elementary 
school building honoring the name of Girard. 
The old school was a gift of Girard to Passy- 
unl township. 

Less than a mile west of Broad Street 
(7.4), out Girard Avenue, opposite Corin- 
thian Avenue, is the entrance to Girard 
College (11.4), the first impression of which 
is one of magnificent beauty. It is gen- 
erally regarded as one of the finest specimens 
of Greek architecture in the world. It was 
not opened until 1848, seventeen years after 
Girard’s death; the cornerstone of the main 
building having been laid July 4, 1833. Of 


218 





distinguished beauty is the spacious col- 
onnade of thirty-four Corinthian columns. 
The college grounds contain forty-one acres. 
From the opening to the present day the 
college has sent forth graduates who have 
distinguished themselves in varied branches 
of private and public life. Visitors are cor- 
dially welcomed, although a peculiar pro- 
vision in Girard’s will caused considerable 
stir in early days by its restrictions upon 
the clergy even as visitors. The college has 
on the average about 1500 boys enrolled, and 
the sight of them at study and at play is 
a great inspiration. 

In the main building is the astonishingly 
life-like statue of Girard by N. Gevelot. The 
statue surmounts a sarcophagus in which 
rest his ashes. Standing before Girard’s 
tomb, one may recall that his gospel of life- 
work was the “love of labor,” but one may 
also bear witness that this gospel resulted 
in a marvellous “labor of love.” Such is the 
power of example that Stephen Girard has 
become the fore-runner and father of the 
nation’s great philanthropies. The total in- 
vested capital of the Girard Estate Decem- 
ber 31, 1924, was $61,755,720.97 and the in- 
come for 1924 was $11,067,168.50. 

Passing through the Library, in the main 
college building, we reach a room contain- 
ing a bizarre collection of personal relics of 
Girard. Pictures, furniture, personal effects, 
counting-house ledgers, and many curios of 
fascinating interest are here found, includ- 
ing the well-known one-horse shay in which 
Girard used to drive down Broad Street to 
his farm. 





THE GIRARD SCHOOL 


Gift of Girard to Passyunk township, it is quaintly 
preserved under_the shadow of a great modern elementary 
school bearing Girard’s name. 


Route 23—Tracks and Traces of Bayard Taylor 





THE LAWN AT CEDARCROFT 


One mile from the centre of Kennett Square, its gate always open to visitors, stands Bayard’ Taylor’s 
cherished home, hid deep in grounds covered with exotic trees and shrubbery. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 23—Tracks and Traces of Bayard Taylor—79.1 m. 





Few trips in or about Philadelphia equal the scenic and historic charm of this trip to Kennett Square, 


the birthplace and home in later life of Bayard Taylor. 


Over the beautiful West Chester Pike, so notable 


for memorable associations with Taylor, this route leads first to historic West Chester, where stirring memorials 
of Bayard Taylor may still be seen. From West Chester the drive to Kennett Square by way of the Brandy- 
wine and Unionville is a series of pastoral pictures of uninterrupted enchantment, the landscape being of 


such unbelievable loveliness as to match the perfection of scenery of the English mid-land counties. 


Even 


the long ride home over historic ground sustains the unbroken pleasure of a day of exceptional delight. 





DAY spent in reviving memories of 

Bayard Taylor—long Pennsylvania’s 
greatest representative in the field of letters, 
is a day of unforgetable charm. 

The Taylor enthusiast will find joy even 
in going first to the modern home of the 
Saturday Evening Post, in the Curtis Build- 
ing, facing Independence Square, if only to 
recall that in the Saturday Evening Post Vay- 
lor’s first poem appeared in 1840. A lad of 
sixteen Taylor walked from West Chester 
to Philadelphia with the precious poem in 
his pocket. “My intention had been,” he 
tells us, “to deliver the letter at the office 
of the paper as if I had been simply its 
bearer, and not its author. But after I had 
mounted two dark steep flights of steps, and 
found myself before the door, my courage 
failed me. . . . I laid the letter hastily on 
the floor, at the door of the office, and 
rushed down to the street. Without looking 
around, I walked up Chestnut Street with 
a fearful impression that somebody was fol- 
lowing me, and, turning the corner of 
Fourth, began to read the titles of the books 
in Hart’s window.” 

At Sixty-third and Market Streets (4.7), 
we turn onto the West Chester Pike, in- 
delibly associated with Bayard Taylor. It 
was over this old highway that Taylor 
walked to Philadelphia on the memorable 
trip that put in his pocket the money for 
his cherished voyage of discovery to Europe, 
ending in the publication of the famous 
Views Afoot. “Mr. Patterson, at that time 
publisher of the Saturday Evening Post, 
offered me fifty dollars in advance for twelve 
letters, with the promise of continuing the 
engagement, if the letters should be satisfac- 
tory. The Hon. Joseph R. Chandler, editor 
of ‘The United States Gazette,’ then made me 
a similar offer. Mr. George R. Graham also 
paid me liberally for some manuscript poems, 


and I returned home in triumph with a fund 
of one hundred and forty dollars, which at 
that time seemed sufficient to carry me to 
the end of the world.” It is not surprising 
that Taylor with his cousin Franklin Taylor, 
walked a hundred miles to Washington to 
secure a passport! And then walked home 
again ! 

The Millbourne Mills (4.8), built in 1757, 
still standing at 63rd and Market, although 
the sound of the grinding has ceased, was a 
welcome landmark to Taylor as he neared 
the end of his journey to the Quaker City. 
The ground on which this old mill stands, 
and the ground for a mile out on the West 
Chester Pike belonged from the days of 
William Penn to the Sellers family, still 
distinguished in the annals of Philadelphia 
industry. Taylor’s own paternal ancestor 
came over with William Penn on the ship 
“Welcome,” but settled near Brandywine 
Creek. 

Along the West Chester Pike are passed 
from time to time numerous old houses that 
were flourishing licensed taverns in Taylor’s 
boyhood days: still to be seen are the 
Howard House, now apartments; Manoa 
Inn, at Eagle Road (8.6); old Drove Tavern 
(1728), now a tea-room and grocery (10.9). 
At one point, high on the road, on the left, 
stands the dilapidated and abandoned “Sons 
of Temperance Hall” (9.3), built in 1847; 
the date stone indicates principles that have 
not been abandoned but that now struggle 
for acceptance with the force of constitu- 
tional foundation. 

Nearly four miles beyond Darby Creek 
(9.5), we come to venerable Newtown Square 
(13.1), planned by William Penn to be “the 
first inland town west of Philadelphia,” but 
drawn upon by Bayard Taylor for some of 
the best incidents in his best novel, The Story 
of Kennett. “Sandy Flash,” the exciting 


220 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 23—Tracks and Traces of Bayard Taylor—79.1 m. 





The tourist should make a day’s outing of this trip, lunching at West Chester and dining at Kennett 
Square. About five hours are needed for driving time. An hour for stops should include: Castle Rocks, 
10 min.; West Chester Public Library, 20 min. ; Unionville, 10 min. carole 15 min.; Longwood Cemetery, 
5 min. For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.” 





Mileage 
0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall. Go south on Broad St. (For detour to the Saturday 
Evening Post, Curtis Building, 6th and Walnut Streets, go east on South Penn Square 
to Juniper St., thence right to Chestnut St., left to 6th St., right to Walnut, and right 
to Broad and Walnut Sts.) 
0.2 Walnut St.; turn right. 
4.5 63rd St., turn right. 
4.7 Market St.; turn left. 
4.8 Pass, on right, Millbourne Mills, 1757. 
6.4 Flower Observatory, University of Pennsylvania, right. 
7.4 Llanerch; 4 corners, straight through. 
8.3 Llanerch Country Club; left. 
8.6 Cross Eagle Road; Manoa Inn, on left. 
8.9 Old Stone House; right. 
9.3 Sons of Temperance Hall; built 1847; left. 
9.5 Darby Creek. 
10.9 Drove Tavern, 1728; now a tea-room and grocery. 
12.4 Octagonal School House, on left. 





4 b, A» 
le PA 


CASTLE ROCKS, WEST CHESTER PIKE 


Beyond Newtown Square are these rocky caves where the original of “Sandy Flash” hid his booty in Revo- 
lutionary days. 


221 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 23—Tracks and Traces of Bayard Taylor—79.1 m. 


robber of Taylor’s novel, had a real coun- 
terpart in James Fitzgerald, notorious high- 
wayman, blacksmith, and deserter from the 
army, whose daring deeds in early Revolu- 
tionary days had terrorized the good people 
of Chester County from the Schuylkill to 
the Susquehanna, and whose capture finally 
took place near Newtown Square in 1778. 

Turning aside, to the right, on the ancient 
road that runs northwest from Newtown 
Square, and passing the carefully preserved 
Newtown Meeting (13.5), built in 1791, we 
come to the northeast corner of the inter- 
section of the Newtown and Goshen roads 
(13.8), now only an open plot of ground. 
Here once stood a tavern, known at one time 
as Pratt’s House, doubly interesting because 
in its early history it was kept by Benjamin 
West’s father, and because here was em- 
ployed the real accomplice of the infamous 
Fitzgerald, the Irish hostler of the Unicorn 
Tavern in Bayard Taylor’s story. 

Back on the West Chester Pike, we soon 
pass the new bridge over Crum Creek (16.6), 
with its original date stone of 1805, and 
shortly reach on the left the ruins of an 
abandoned stone-crusher, beyond which, at 
the “Car Stop” (16.9), we may follow the 
wagon road afoot up the hillside for about 
200 yards into the woods, where surpris- 
ingly and picturesquely placed, we find the 
great high boulders known as Castle Rocks. 
The riven rocks and the wooded ravine 
nearby are surprisingly romantic. In just 
such a place might a bold robber hide his 
booty, and in these rocky fissures or caverns 
indeed Fitzgerald was long believed to have 
hidden his plunder. Not far from here, on 
the farm on which the rocks are located, the 
real Fitzgerald was captured. Ellwood Gar- 
rett of Chester County, standing on these 
rocks in 1851, spoke of writing a story about 
Fitzgerald, but afterwards suggested the 
theme to Bayard Taylor, who in 1866 trans- 
lated the traditions of Fitzgerald into the 
exciting episodes of Sandy Flash in The 
Story of Kennett. 


After a stretch of pastoral scenery of rare 
beauty, we drive into patriarchal West 
Chester, welcomed by the still flourishing 
Green Tree Inn, 1786 (25.8). We forget, 


however, for the time-being all the other his- 
tory and charm of the city, and remember 
only that here Joseph Taylor, Bayard Tay- 
lor’s father, brought his family in the years 
1837-40, while he held office as Sheriff of 
Chester County. 

At the Court House (25.9), put up in 
1846, we learn from a memorial stone and 
tablet marking the site, that here stood the 
original Court House and jail. 

Around the corner on Market Street, how- 
ever, we come upon the now walled and en- 
larged West Chester County Jail (26.1), 
newly put up in 1838, where Sheriff Taylor 
lived with his family. A boyish colored 
drawing of this old jail, made by Bayard 
Taylor, may be seen in the Public Library at 
West Chester. In the office of this old jail 
Bayard Taylor once sat on a high stool, “a 
lank, long-legged half-grown boy” (this in 
1839), when Dr. Thomas Dunn English, 
afterwards celebrated as the author of “Ben 
Bolt,” but then a fresh graduate of the Med- 
ical School of the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, lecturing in West Chester on phren- 
ology, said to the father, after glancing at 
the boy’s head,—“You will never make much 
of a farmer of that boy, that boy will ramble 
around the world, and furthermore, he has 
all the marks of a poet.” 

The most hurried tourist must see at the 
West Chester Public Library (26.7) its fas- 
cinating memorials of Bayard Taylor. 


Here is preserved the “Bayard Taylor 
Collection,” the gift of Mrs. Bayard Taylor, 
in 1893. Many of the mementos pertain 
to the poet’s early youth, and some of them 
have a close connection with the years he 
spent in West Chester. Books used by him 
in boyhood days, with his initials and dates ; 
copy-books; school exercises; albums; 
sketches of the West Chester Court House, 
of the Prison, and the printing press used 
in the “Record” Office; these are but a few 
of the treasures. Most notable among the 
relics is Bayard Taylor’s knapsack, well- 
worn and dilapidated, and additionally no- 
ticeable for the exposed economic “lining” 
of French school exercises, with references 
to Washington and Franklin and the Bos- 
ton tea-party. 


222 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 23—Tracks and Traces of Bayard Taylor—79.1 m. 





OLD PUBLIC SCHOOL, UNIONVILLE MAIN STREET, UNIONVILLE 
Once a private academy, here Bayard Taylor learned Latin In this quaint old village lived the original of ‘Martha 
and French, and grappled with algebra and surveying. Deane” in the Story of Kennett. 


Mileage 

13.1 Newtown Square; turn right on Newtown Road. 

13.5 Pass Newtown Meeting House, 1791. 

13.8 Goshen cross-roads; old Newtown Square; site of Pratt’s House. Reverse to 

14.6 West Chester Pike; turn right. 15.4 Bear left with trolley. 

16.6 Bridge over Crum Creek. 

16.9 Ruins of stone-breaker on left; beyond, at ‘Car Stop,” entrance road to Castle Rocks. 
Stop. Continue on West Chester Pike. 

18.1 Old house, once Penn Hotel; beyond is an old milestone entwined in the roots of a tree. 

20.1 Willis Town Inn. 

22.7 Pass through Mill Town. 

23.5 Goshen Church; bear left with trolley. 24.3 West Chester Fair Grounds, on’left. 

25.8 Green Tree Hotel (1786), West Chester, on right. 25:8 petligh ote; turn. left: 

25.9 Court House, stone and tablet, right. 

25.9 Market St., turn right. On left, Turk’s Head Inn, 1747. 

26.1 West Chester County Jail, Market and New Sts. 

26.2 New St.; turn right. 26.2 Gay St.; turn right. 26.4 Church St.; turn left. 

26.7 West Chester Public Library, Church and W. Fayette Sts., ‘‘Bayard Taylor Memorial 
Collection.” Stop. 26.7 W. Fayette St.; turn right. 26.7 High St.; turn right. 

27.4 Price St.; turn right. 28.1 Avoid left turn, leading to Lenape. 

28.3 Dead end; turn left. 

29.5 Avoid right fork. On the right, views of the winding east branch of the Brandywine. 

309 Turn right through covered bridge. 

31.7. Bear left through covered bridge. 31.8 Dead end; turn right. 

32.0 Caution; grade crossing. 33.4 Turnright. 33.5 Bear left, avoiding right fork. 

36.4 Main St., Unionville; left-hand corner, site of original of ‘‘The Deane Mansion” in 
Taylor’s Story of Kennett. Turn right on Main St. to 

36.8 Old Unionville Public School; once an old ‘private academy,’ where Bayard Taylor 
was educated. Reverse on Main St. to 

37.1 Old inn (1734); original of the ‘Unicorn Inn.” 

37.2 Large brick house; last home of original of “Martha Deane.” 


223 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 23—Tracks and Traces of Bayard Taylor—79.1 m. 





BAYARD TAYLOR'S KNAPSACK 


In the West Chester Public Library is preserved this well- 
worn companion of the first great European traveler. 


The greatest treasure of the West Chester 
collection is the original manuscript of “The 
Story of Kennett,” with its clear and striking 
hand-writing. There is also the manuscript 
of “Hannah Thurston”; manuscripts of nu- 
merous lectures; and some pages of the 
translation of “Faust.” The whole collec- 
tion is full of thrills for the literary en- 
thusiast. 


We leave West Chester by way of High 
and Price Street (27.4), on the way to Union- 
ville, where Taylor got much of his school- 
ing, and where he gathered rich material 
for his Story of Kennett. 

A landscape of unbelievable beauty soon 
meets our view (28.3). Here is mid-land 
England. The rolling country—perpetually 
diversified; the pastoral loveliness; the 
wooded slopes; the narrow valleys; the 
flanks of low hills; the curling and curbing 
roads; the way-side hedges of hawthorne; 
all reflect the perfection of quiet English 
scenery. At one point, deep meadows on 
each side of the tranquil Brandywine, solemn 
cattle browsing along its winding ways, rich 
sweet woodlands, wealth of trees and shrub- 
bery, and shining church spire—suggest 
Stratford-on-Avon itself. 


Crossing the east branch of the Brandy- 
wine (30.9), by a covered bridge, we are re- 
minded that in 1840, Taylor with two of his 
fellow students made a tramping trip from 
Unionville to the battlefield of the Brandy- 
wine, the first of his travels, and the account 
of this trip which appeared in the “West 
Chester. Register” was his first publication. 





“To the Brandywine,’ published in the 
Saturday Evening Post, brought him first 
under the notice of Rufus W. Griswold, 
editor of the famous Graham’s Magazine. 
At the left hand corner of the road into 
Unionville (36.4), where it meets the Main 
Street of the village, to the rear of the 
modern residence now standing there, once 
stood the home of Ruth Baldwin Wilson, 
the “origiral’ of Martha Deane in Taylor’s 
The Story of Kennett. The memory of Ruth 
Baldwin is still lovingly cherished in the 
quaint little town. The house that once 
stood on this corner Taylor had in mind 
when he described “The Deane Mansion,”— 
a triumph of architecture, with its squared 
logs from the forest dove-tailed and over- 
lapping at the corners, with its front plas- 
tered and yellow-washed, with its small 
portico covered with a tangled mass of 
eglantine and coral honeysuckle, a bench at 
either end, with its space between door and 
front paling devoted to flowers and rose- 
bushes, and at each corner of the front an 
old, picturesque, straggling cedar tree. 
Turning right onto the Main Street, we 
see, on the left, the modern remains of an 
old inn, built in 1734 (37.1), which Taylor 
had in mind as the original of the “Unicorn 
Tavern.” Once a bustling cattle-market, 
Unionville has lost its early importance as 


RARER aoe 


OLD INN, UNIONVILLE, 1734 
Original of the “Unicorn Inn” in the Story of Kennett. 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 23—Tracks and Traces of Bayard Taylor—79.1 m. 





BAYARD TAYLOR’S STUDY AT CEDARCROFT 

Here was written the Story of Kennett, and here was made the famous translation of Goethe’s Faust. 

Mileage 

37.3 Unionville Cemetery, left; grave of Ruth Baldwin Wilson, original of ‘“Martha Deane.”’ 

37.8 3 corners; turn right. 39.0 Willowdale; turn left. 

41.0 Red Lion Inn, with date-stone, 1789; now private residences; bear right encircling house, 
and return to 43.0 Willowdale; turn left. 

44.0 Cedarcroft, Kennet Square; home of Bayard Taylor (1860-1878). Tablet. Stop. 

45.0 State and Union Sts., Kennett Square; turn left. Tablet, northeast corner, marking 
site of Bayard Taylor’s birthplace. 

45.6 Pass Barton Road, right. 47.5 3-corners; turn left. 

47.6 Longwood Cemetery; Bayard Taylor’s grave. Stop. 47.7 Dead end; turn right. 

47.8 4-corners; straight through on concrete. 48.5 Avoid right fork. 

48.9 Kennett Square Meeting House. Stop. 

51.9 Cross bridge over Brandywine Creek at Chadd’s Ford. 52.1 Chadd’s Ford. 

52.8 Washington’s Headquarters at the Battle of Brandywine, left. 

53.2 Lafayette’s Headquarters at the Battle of Brandywine, left. 

55.9 Concordville; avoid right fork. 59.6 Pass under R. R. at Wawa. 

62.9 Bridge over Crum Creek. 

63.3 Turn right uphill onto Washington St., Media. 

64.2 Providence Road; turn right. 


225 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 23—Tracks and Traces of Bayard Taylor—79.1 m. 


well as its early picturesqueness. The old 
town was built on high banks along the 
highway from Wilmington to Coatesville, 
and traces still may be seen of its pretty 
little houses with their porches and round 
pillars embowered in trees. 

At the west end of the town (36.8), we 
find the old “private academy” (now an age- 
worn public school) where Taylor learned 
Latin and French and grappled with algebra 
and surveying. The old bell in the belfry 
is the one that rang when Taylor was a 
student here, and it is said its clear tones 
can be heard on favorable days in Kennett, 
four miles away. 

Returning through the village, we pass on 
the left the old brick house (37.2) in which 
the beloved original of Martha Deane died 
at a venerable age. 

In the old cemetery, reached by a lane on 
the left (37.3), Ruth Baldwin Wilson lies 
buried. Some characteristic old-time “acros- 
tics’ on her name and the name of her 
daughter, written by Bayard Taylor, in his 
own handwriting, are in possession of de- 
scendants of the related Seal family, and 
may still be seen by the privileged. 

On the way to Kennett, at Willowdale 
(39.0), a straight-away detour may be made 





FORMERLY THE RED LION INN 


Memorable for its associations with the bold Highwayman, 
“Sandy Flash.” 


to (41.0) the Red Lion Inn, 1789 (now 
private residences). Here “Sandy Flas’ 
was seen riding on that memorable after- 
noon when the bold highwayman turned up 
at the “Unicorn” in Kennett Square, and 
flouted all his pursuers. 

Returning to Willowdale (43.0), we pass 
by the Unionville road into Kennett Square. 

Before reaching Kennett, one mile out 
from the center of the town, on the trolley 
line from West Chester, we come upon 
Cedarcroft (44.0), nobly built and nobly 
dreamed by Bayard Taylor. A bronze 
tablet at the lodge gate marks the entrance 
to the well-preserved estate, the lawns of 
which are filled with exotic trees and shrub- 
bery. The gate is “always open,” and visi- 
tors to the grounds are welcomed. 

Cedarcroft stands deep in the grounds 
and is hidden by trees. In 1860, Taylor with 
his wife moved into this new home, big 
enough to hold also. father, mother, and two 
sisters. The lofty tower of Cedarcroft, and 
the high ground upon which the house 
stands recall what Taylor once said in his 
youth: “When I build a house, I shall build 
it upon a ridge, with a high steeple from the 
top of which I can see far and wide.” Once 
also he wrote: “In looking back to my child- 
hood I can recall the intensest desire to 
climb upward so that without shifting the 
circle of my horizon, I could yet extend it, 
and take in a far wider sweep of vision. I 
envied every bird that sat swinging upon 
the topmost bough.” 

Within Cedarcroft is a broad hall with a 
wide oaken staircase. Here came as wel- 
come friends and guests the celebrated and 
great in literature and in art, among them 
Emerson, Curtis, Stedman, Aldrich, Greeley, 
and Stoddard. On the left of the house, 
facing south, is the splendid library, where 
Taylor wrote The Story of Kennett, and 
made his translation of Goethe’s Faust. 

At State and Union Streets (45.0), the 
heart of modern Kennett, is set up a tablet 
marking Kennett Square, and this very cor- 
ner, as the birthplace of Bayard Taylor. 
Taylor’s childhood home, a two-story gray 
stone house, with wooden porch and rustic- 
door yard, once stood at the end of a long 


226 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 23—Tracks and Traces of Bayard Taylor—79.1 m. 


Kate Jayne Furness Public Library, Wallingford. Adjoins driveway into Lindenshade 
suburban home of the late Dr. Horace Howard Furness. 

Turn left, after crossing R. R. bridge. 65.2 Wallingford at R. R. station. 

On left, across railroad, path to Lindenshade. 

Dead end; turn right, and immediately left. 

Dead end; turn left crossing bridge over Crum Creek; bearing left immediately beyond. 
Chester Road; turn left on concrete through Swarthmore. 

Cross R. R.; Swarthmore College on left. 67.2 Benjamin West’s birthplace. 

Bear right. 67.9 Baltimore Pike; turn right with trolley. 

6lst St.; turn left. 74.7 Walnut St.; turn right. 

23rd St.; turn left. 78.4 Market St.; turn right. 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 





THE GRAVE OF BAYARD TAYLOR, LONGWOOD CEMETERY 
227 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 23—Tracks and Traces of Bayard Taylor—79.1 m. 





KENNETT SQUARE MEETING HOUSE, BALTIMORE PIKE 


line of tall old cedars. Here Whittier and 
Lowell came in olden days to see the poet. 

The tourist who has time and interest may 
visit and identify many places associated 
with The Story of Kennett not set down here. 
A drive over the road to Toughkenamon 
and Avondale rewards with a sight of the 
lovely pastoral scenes that Bayard Taylor 
knew by heart and in his writings copied 
field for field and tree for tree. 

Going back to Philadelphia (45.0), we re- 
call that Taylor, when nineteen years of 
age, walked more than once the thirty-odd 
miles to the Quaker City, to negotiate for 
the publication of his first book of poems. 
In these long and lonely walks, Taylor tells 
us, he wrestled much with his Quaker con- 
science, trying to reconcile his passionate 
desire to travel abroad into the world with 
his sense of duty to friends and family in 
the narrower life at home. “I sat down by 
the roadside, for it was then dark,” he once 
wrote, “and looking to heaven through my 
blinding tears, fervently prayed for strength 
of spirit to sustain me in my conflict with 
the world. And the struggle in my heart 
ceased, and I felt that the path which was 
to lead me onward and upward was that 
which was the choice of my soul.” There 
are hallowed spots on the road from Ken- 
nett to Philadelphia. 


Two miles and a half from Kennett 
Square, on the Baltimore Pike, returning to 
Philadelphia, we reach Longwood Cemetery 
(47.6), the Quaker burial ground, where lie 
the mortal remains of Bayard Taylor. The 
cemetery lies back from the high-road, 
directly opposite the Longwood Meeting 
House. The small iron gate is always open. 
On the right, midway on the central path, 
will be found Taylor’s grave, marked by a 
Greek altar, and a bronze medallion por- 
trait on the tomb, surmounted by a wreath 
of oak leaves and bay. 

On the tomb is Taylor’s message to his 
country and the world,—“To find in endless 
growth all good —In endless toil, beatitude.” 
Here one should read Longfellow’s perfect 
elegy: “Let the lifeless body iresetsaemas 
gone, who was its guest.” Taylor is gone, 
but his message remains. 

A big mile beyond Longwood we pass 
the Kennett Square Meeting House (48.9), 
conspicuous in The Story of Kennett. 

Crossing the Brandywine at Chadd’s Ford 
(51.9), we recall Taylor’s love for this beau- 
tiful but turbulent stream, and his penetrat- 
ing appreciation of the surrounding historic 
soil, where “though the fight was lost, the 
cause was won.” 

On the long journey back to the city 
one may find satisfaction in reflecting that 
Bayard Taylor met fully Thomas Wentworth 
Higginson’s idea of the true cosmopolitan,— 
a man who is also at home in his own coun- 
try. Taylor was verily at home everywhere 
in the wide, wide world. He has been 
credited with coining the felicitous German 
word—W elt-gemiithlichkeit. 

At Wallingford (65.0) we pass “Linden- 
shade,” summer home of the late Dr. Horace 
Howard Furness, pre-eminent Shakespearean 
and editor of the Variorum. It is pleasant 
to recall that at “Lindenshade” Taylor spent 
some of the golden hours of his later life. 
His verses in German, “Cedarcroft to Lin- 
denshade,” exquisitely translated by the 
genial Furness still sing in the tops of the 
linden trees: 

“Attuned was each heart to the other, 
Our thoughts and our fancies flowed free, 


Ah! these are the blooms that are fragrant 
When summer has long ceased to be.” 


228 


Route 24—Theatres and Actors of Olden Days 





THE OLD ARCH STREET THEATRE 


Built in 1828, and once the resort of the élite of the city, it is ever memorable for its cheerful associations 
with the Drew family. 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 24—Theatres and Actors of Olden Days—30.3 m. 





A drive about Philadelphia with theaters and actors of olden times uppermost in mind revives persons 
and places of genuine historic interest and importance. Birthplace of Joseph Jefferson—of Rip Van Winkle 
fame, and of Edwin Forrest—among the greatest of Shakespearean tragedians, Philadelphia also boasts 
of being the home of the oldest existing play-house in the United States. A visit to the Edwin Forrest Home 
for retired actors, with which this trip concludes, takes one the length of the beautiful Roosevelt Boulevard, 


and is an inspiration in itself. 


HE glamor and glory of the early stage 

in Philadelphia have passed away leav- 
ing only a few bright and a few somber 
reminders of cheerful days of old. 

We go first to the old Arch Street Theatre 
(0.7), on Arch Street, north side, between 
Fifth and Sixth, built in 1828, and remind 
ourselves that here the élite of the city came 
to see and hear the brilliant Drew Family, — 
John Drew, the elder, appearing first in 1853, 
and playing again in 1862, up to the hour 
of his death. Mrs. Louisa Drew, mother of 
Sidney Drew and the present John Drew, 
cast the spell of her sparkling personality 
over this house by reviving in her old age 
the early charm of “The School for Scan- 
dal” and “VherRivals.” 

At Ninth and Walnut Streets, northeast 
corner, stands the Old Walnut Street Theatre 


OLD CHESTNUT STREET THEATRE IN 1855 


Its site was the present No. 605 Chestnut Street. Here, 


April 25, 1798, was first sung “Hail Columbia.” 





230 


(1.3), the oldest existing theatre in America, 
first opened in 1809. At one time it was 
theatre and circus combined. Junius Brutus 
Booth, father of Edwin Booth, made his first 
appearance in Philadelphia at this theatre. 
Here Edmund Kean played Richard III. 
Edwin Forrest made his first appearance on 
the stage of the Walnut when he was four- 
teen, and here in 18/1 he made his last 
appearance in Philadelphia. 


At No. 605 Chestnut Street we pass (1.7) 
a tablet marking the site of the first Chest- 
nut Street Theatre, built in 1793, burned 
down in 1820, and rebuilt in 1822. Here 
Jenny Lind sang in 1850. The old theatre 
made way for office buildings in 1855. 
Joseph Jefferson’s grandfather, the original 
Joe, a great comic actor, who came to Phila- 
delphia in 1796, for thirty years was a lead- 
ing member of the old Chestnut Street 
Theatre Company. In the old theatre, April 
25, 1798, was first sung Joseph Hopkinson’s 
“Hail Columbia.’ William Rush’s two 
figures Tragedy and Comedy were long fea- 
tures of the old building and the new. 

At the southeast corner of Eighth and 
Locust Streets (2.0) stands the former 
home of Dr. Horace Howard Furness, emi- 
nent Shakespearean scholar of modern times. 

Musical Fund Hall (2.1), on Locust Street, 
south side, between Eighth and Ninth 
Streets, was erected by the Musical Fund 
Society of Philadelphia, instituted February 
29, 1820. 

A tablet on the substantial old house 
standing at the southwest corner of Sixth 
and Spruce Streets (2.3) records that here 
was the birthplace of the actor Joseph Jef- 
ferson; born February 20, 1829. The tablet 
makes certain that this was the Joe Jefferson 
of Rip Van Winkle fame. 

In the front graveyard, south side, of old 
St. Paul’s Church, Third Street south of 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 24—Theatres and Actors of Olden Days—30.3 m. 


Driving time about 2 hrs. An extra hour will cover necessary stops, but almost all of this will be needed 
for the Edwin Forrest Home for Actors. For full details see ‘Descriptive Itinerary.” 


Mileage 

0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, north side. Go north on Broad St. 

0.0 Arch St.; turn right. 

0.7 No. 609 Arch St.; old Arch Street Theatre (1828). 

0.8 4th St.; turn right. 

1.0 Walnut St., turn right. 

1.3 9thand Walnut Sts., Walnut Street Theatre (1809), oldest existing playhouse in America. 
Turn right on 9th St. to 

1.4 Chestnut St.; turn right. 

1.7. No. 605 Chestnut St., site of the original Chestnut Street Theatre (1793). Tablet. 

IeyeoOin ou. turn right, 

1.9 South Washington Square; turn right. Beyond 7th St. bear right and immediately 
left onto Locust St. 

2.1 Locust and 8th Sts.; southeast corner, former home of Dr. Horace Howard Furness. 

2.1 Musical Fund Hall, Locust St. west of 8th. 

24 8th St.; turn left. 

2.2 spruce St.; turn left. 

2.3 6th and Spruce Sts., southwest corner, birthplace of Joseph Jefferson (“Rip Van 
Winkle’). Tablet. 

2.Ommocooy. turn lett. 

2.7. No. 225 South 3rd St., old St. Paul’s graveyard; tomb of Edwin Forrest. 





OLD WALNUT STREET THEATRE, 1809 


The oldest playhouse in America has had a distinguished history. Edwin Forrest made his first appear- 
ance here when he was fourteen. 


231 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 24—Theatres and Actors of Olden Days—30.3 m. 





BIRTHPLACE OF JOSEPH JEFFERSON 


At the southwest corner of Sixth and Spruce Streets “Rip 
an Winkle” was born in 1804, 

Walnut (2.7), we find the family tomb where 

Edwin Forrest lies buried. 

At the southwest corner of South Street 
and South Leithgow (once Apollo Street), 
the first narrow thoroughfare west of Fourth 
Street (3.2), now occupied by modern stores 
and buildings, once stood the Old Southwark 
Theatre, partly destroyed by fire in 1821. 
Here was produced on the 24th of April, 
1767, the first American play ever publicly 
acted in the Colonies, the “Prince of Par- 
thia,” written by Thomas Godfrey, Jr., a 
Philadelphian and the son of the inventor 
of the quadrant. Built for Lewis Hallam’s 
English Company, the theatre was formally 
opened November 12; 1766. In 1773, Hal- 
lam’s “American Company” produced “The 
Conquest of Canada; or the Siege of Quebec,” 
the second original American drama ever 
performed on the stage. During the British 
occupation of Philadelphia, a famous drop 
curtain, representing a waterfall in a forest 
glade, was painted for this theatre by Major 
André. Here President Washington came 
January 5, 1791, to see his favorites,—“The 
School for Scandal,” and a two-act comedy 
called “The ‘Poor Soldier 7 An» -annalist 
says: “The last stage-box in the South 
Street Theatre was fitted up expressly for 
the reception of Gen. Washington. ... Mr. 


Wignell, in a full dress of black, hair pow- 
dered and adjusted to the formal fashion of 
the day, with two silver candlesticks and 
wax candles, would thus await the General’s 
arrival at the box-door entrance and, with 
great refinement of address and courtly 
manners conduct this best of public men 
and suite to his box. A guard of the mili- 
tary attended. A soldier was generally 
posted at each stage-door and four were 
posted in the gallery, assisted by the high 
constable of the city and other police officers, 
to preserve something like decorum among 
the sons of social liberty.” 

The Academy of Music, Broad and Locust 
Streets (4.4), long the finest structure in the 
city for operatic performances, and now the 
home of the Philadelphia Orchestra, 
although at times used for theatrical pur- 
poses, by a sacred Philadelphia tradition is 
never classed in a list of theatres. Begun 
in 1855, it was opened for use in 1857, with 
a concert and a splendid ball, since when 
the rich and mellowing associations of the 
place with all phases of public life in Phila- 
delphia—social, intellectual and political— 
have endeared it in a way to make it a sacred 
and unique institution in the history of the 
city. In the green room, and in the en- 
trance hall will be found portraits and relics 
of distinguished celebrities who have made 
history in and for the Academy. In the 
Academy were long held the Assembly Balls, 
the most ancient and honored social institu- 
tion in Philadelphia, founded as the Dancing 
Assembly in 1748. 

On Broad Street, the home of numerous 
modern theatres, we pass, at the southeast 
corner of Sansom Street, the Forrest Theatre, 
aptly named and placed, since on Sansom 
Street in 1806 (then known as George 
Street) Edwin Forrest was born. 

At the Academy of Fine Arts, Broad and 
Cherry Streets (5.0), we stop only long 
enough to admire the few notable paintings 
commemorating actors identified with Phila- 
delphia and the history of the Phila- 
delphia stage. Conspicuous is Thomas Sully’s 
life-size portrait of the English actor George 
Frederick Cooke, as Richard III, given to 
the Academy about 1811. Cooke’s acting so 





232 





MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 24—Theatres and Actors of Olden Days—30.3 m. 





EDWIN FORREST HOME FOR ACTORS, HOLMESBURG 


In this delightful retreat for the veterans of the stage are paintings, books, and relics of extraordinary 


Mileage 


PAL, 
3.2 


4.1 
4.4 


4.6 
5.0 
6.3 


9.3 
et 
16.0 
16.1 
17.1 
18.0 
18.7 
18.8 
19.0 
20.0 
vad | 
30.3 


fascination. 


Walnut St.; turn left. 2.8 4th St.; turn left. 3.2 South St.; turn right. 

South Leithgow and South Sts., southwest corner, site of old Southwark Theatre, where 
the first American play was produced in 1767. 

Broad St.; turn right. 

Academy of Music, Broad and Locust Sts., dates to 1857; home of the Philadelphia 
Orchestra. 

Turn right and left around City Hall to North Broad St. 

Academy of Fine Arts, Broad and Cherry Sts. Stop. 

Last home of Edwin Forrest (now Philadelphia School of Design for Women), Broad 
and Master Sts., southwest corner. Stop. 

Turn right into Roosevelt Boulevard. 

Oxford Circle; curve around, continuing on Roosevelt Boulevard. 

4-corners; straight through. 

Holme Ave.; turn right. Crossing bridge over creek at 16.6 

Welsh Road; turn right. 17.6 Cross bridge over creek. 

Frankford Ave., Holmesburg; turn right. 

Follow road on left, by letter-box, to 

Edwin Forrest Home for Actors. Opened 1876. Stop. Follow drive to lower gate. 
Frankford Ave. turn left. 19.1 Cottman St.; turn right. 

Roosevelt Boulevard; turn left. 

Broad St.; curve left, continuing south on Broad St. to 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


233 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 24—Theatres and Actors of Olden Days—30.3 m. 





EDWIN FORREST’S PHILADELPHIA HOME 


Located at Broad and Master Streets, it has been used since 1880 by the School of Design for Women. 


stirred the young artist Charles Robert 
Leslie (1794-1859) that he has preserved for 
us the stage costume and spirit of the time 
in the form of three water color sketches of 
Cooke, Cooper, and Warren, in their most 
striking poses as Othello, Falstaff, and 
Richard. Another canvas by Leslie is “The 
Murder of Rutland,” based on a passage in 
Shakespeare’s “Henry VI.” Still more at- 
tractive are Sully’s portraits of Fannie 
Kemble, portraying her with great vivacity 
and piquancy in two of her best Shakes- 
perean roles (See Route 20). Of more than 
passing interest is the full length portrait 
of Modjeska, the celebrated Polish tra- 
gedienne, whose great success in Shake- 
spearean parts in English on the Philadelphia 
stage is still vividly remembered, and whose 
son is the chief engineer in charge of the 
construction of the Delaware River Bridge. 
Gilbert Stuart’s portrait of George Plum- 
stead, youngest son of William Plumstead, 
a former mayor of Philadelphia, is interest- 
ing as a reminder that when “Hallam’s Com- 
pany” first arrived from London in 1754, 
it opened their “new theatre in Water Street” 


in a store of William Plumstead’s, corner of 
the first alley above Pine Street. 

At the southwest corner of Broad and 
Master Streets (6.3), now occupied by the 
Philadelphia School of Design for Women, 
marked by a tablet, is the home of Edwin 
Forrest during the years of his prosperity. 

A fitting climax to this trip is a visit to 
the Edwin Forrest Home for Actors, Bristol 
Pike, Holmesburg (18.8). The house and 
grounds were once the country seat of Caleb 
Cope. Visitors are cordially welcomed and 
here may be seen paintings, books, trophies, 
and relics of exciting interest, cherished as 
mementos of the great tragedian. Under a 
glass case is dramatically preserved the 
charred remains of a Shakespeare’s First 
Folio, almost completely destroyed in a fire 
at Forrest’s Home on Broad Street. Another 
treasure is Stuart’s portrait of Edwin For- 
rest at twenty-one. This was the last por- 
trait painted by Gilbert Stuart, undertaken 
when the great artist’s eyesight had failed 
and his daughter had to mix the colors for 
him. The property of the home has recently 
been sold but no new site selected. 


234 


Route 25—Literary Curios and Landmarks 


: i Riba OO MO ea 


Gina MR EISES- 


CHARLES BROCKDEN BROWN (1771-1810)—FIRST AMERICAN NOVELIST 


This contemporary pastel portrait of the author of Wéieland is found in the James Sharpless Collection in 
Independence Hall. 





DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 25—Literary Curios and Landmarks—23.7 m. 


Birthplace of Charles Brockden Brown—the first American novelist, and home of the late Horace Howard 
Furness—greatest of Shakespearean scholars, Philadelphia has notable literary associations from the days 
of its early supremacy to the present hour. In this route is listed a number of literary curios and landmarks 
of more than passing interest. Followed as planned, the trip is an exceptionally enjoyable experience. 


HE Union League, Broad and Sansom 

Streets (0.1), southwest corner, was the 
last home of George H. Boker (1823-1890), 
poet and play-wright, who in early days 
divided honors with Thomas Buchanan 
Reed as one of Pennsylvania’s two greatest 
poets, and who gained fame for his “Fran- 
cesca di Riminyi,” staged by Lawrence 
Barrett. 

At No. 1424 Walnut Street (0.1) was the 
home and professional office of Dr. S. Weir 
Mitchell, author of Hugh Wynne and other 
celebrated stories. 

On Eleventh Street, between Walnut and 
Chestnut (0.7), near George Street (now 
Sansom), lived the first American novelist 
Charles Brockden Brown, who was born in 
Philadelphia in 1771, and died here in 1810. 
The long neglect of the name and abode of 
Charles Brockden Brown is one of the 
freaks of literary history. Possibly Brown 
is partly responsible, for in “The Scribbler” 
he says: “Perhaps, reader, you want to 
know my name and dwelling. Now these 
are the only things that I am anxious to 
hide. My character and history I have no 
objection to disclose, nay, it would give me 
pleasure to tell you, but I do not wish to be 
known by name and abode.” 

In the old Portuguese Hebrew Burial 
Ground (1740), Spruce Street, east of Ninth 
(1.5), sleeps Rebecca Gratz, original of 
“Rebecca” in Scott’s Ivanhoe. 

In the First Presbyterian Church, Wash- 
ington Square (1.6), is a tablet to the memory 
of John “Blair “linn, D:D pastomoretis 
church (1799-1804), brother of Charles 
Brockden Brown’s wife. 

The old Penn Club, Locust and Eighth 
Streets, southeast corner (1.7), was formerly 
the home of the late Dr. Horace Howard 
Furness, pre-eminent Shakespearean scholar, 
and editor of the Shakespeare “Variorum.” 

In the famous old Continental Hotel, Ninth 
and Chestnut Streets, now replaced by the 


modern Benjamin Franklin Hotel (2.0), 
Thomas Buchanan Reed, under dramatic cir- 
cumstances, composed his most celebrated 
poem, “Sheridan's Ride.” 

At the southwest corner of Chestnut and 
Seventh Streets (2.2), until recently stood 
the building of the Philadelphia Press, 
where Richard Harding Davis served his 
apprenticeship as a reporter, and gained local 
color for his first famous short story 
“Gallegher.” 

In Independence Hall, Chestnut below 
Sixth Street (2.3), in a second floor room, 
may be seen a pastel portrait of Charles 
Brockden Brown, the first American novelist, 
taken from life by James Sharpless, a con- 
temporary artist. 

Passing through Franklin Court, now 
Orianna Street, between Third and Fourth 
Streets, and extending from Chestnut to 
Market, we pass the site of Benjamin Frank- 
lin’s home (2.5), where he finished writing 
the immortal Autobiography, the chief lit- 
erary product of the seventeenth century. 

At No. 3 Letitia Court, south of Market, 
and between Front and Second Streets, in 
1799, was published Charles Brockden 
Brown’s Arthur Mervyn, the second great 
work of the first American novelist, contain- 
ing memoirs of the year 1793, when Philadel- 
phia was afflicted with the devastating yellow 
fever plague. 

At Fourth and Arch Streets, northeast 
corner (2.9), is the old colonial house famous 
both as the residence of Provost Dr. William 


Smith and as James Russell Lowell’s 
“Honeymoon Hotel.” 
In the next block, in Christ Church 


graveyard, southeast corner of Fifth and 
Arch Streets (3.0), is the grave of Benjamin 
Franklin, author of the Autobiography, and 
Poor Richard’s: Almanac, and publisher of 
the first monthly magazine in America. Here 
is the place to read Franklin’s own epitaph, 
written when he was 22: 


236 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 25—Literary Curios and Landmarks—23.7 m. 





Driving time about 2 hrs. 30 min. Additional time will be determined by one’s interest. The Poe house 
is worth a visit, and the manuscripts at Drexel Institute should not be missed. The new Henry C. Lea 
Memorial Library at the University of Pennsylvania claims additional time and interest. For full details 
see ‘Descriptive Itinerary.”’ 


Mileage 


0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. Go south on Broad St. 

0.1 Union League, Broad and Sansom Sts., club home of the poet and dramatist George 
H. Boker (1823-1890). 

0.1 Walnut St.; turn right. 

0.2 No. 1424 Walnut St.; last home of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. 

O25 15th St; turn left. 

0.4 Spruce St.; turn left. 

0.7 11th St.; turn left. Between Walnut and Sansom Sts. (formerly George St.) was the 
home of Charles Brockden Brown, the first American novelist. 

1.0 Chestnut St.; turn right. 

Pip 10th St. ; turn right. 

1.4 Spruce St.; turn left. 

1.5 Old Portuguese and Spanish Hebrew Burying Ground (1740); here lies Rebecca Gratz, 
original of ‘‘Rebecca”’ in Scott’s Ivanhoe. 

1.6 7th St.; turn left; on right, southeast corner South Washington Square, First Presby- 
terian Church. 

1.6 Turn left on Washington Square, and immediately left onto 

1.7 Locust St.; at Eighth and Locust Sts., southeast corner (until recently the Penn Club), 
former home of Horace Howard Furness. 

1.9 9th St.; turn right. 

2.0 Chestnut St.; turn right. Ninth and Chestnut Sts., new Benjamin Franklin Hotel, 
formerly Continental Hotel, where Thomas Buchanan Reed wrote ‘‘Sheridan’s Ride.” 





THE LAST HOME OF “REBECCA” LOWELL’S HONEYMOON HOTEL 
The eriginal of Scott’s heroine sleeps in the old Portuguese Fourth and Arch Streets, northeast corner, is also known 
Hebrew Burial Ground, Spruce Street below Ninth. as the home of Dr. Smith, first provost of the University. 


23h 


Route 25—Literary Curios and Landmarks—23.7 m. 





“FRANKLIN AT HOME” 


Based by the artist, Henry Bacon, on Dr. Manasseh Cutler’s vivid description of his visit to Franklin, 
July 13, 1787. The house stood in Franklin Court, now South Orianna Street, where Franklin finished 
the Autobiography. See Route 7. 





POE’S PHILADELPHIA HOME SEVENTH AND BRANDYWINE STREETS 
In this rear building Poe wrote some of his masterpieces, Many pilgrims come to this corner to pay homage to the 
including ‘“‘The Goldbug” and, some believe, “The Raven.”’ memory of Edgar Allen Poe. 


238 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 25—Literary Curios and Landmarks—23.7 m. 





THE GODFREY FARMHOUSE 


On Church Lane, opposite Lambert Street, stands the home of Thomas Godfrey, Jr., the first American 


Mileage 


2.2 


2.3 
Paes, 


24) 
2.9 
3.0 


3.6 
3.8 


4.4 
5.1 


9.8 


dramatist (1736-1763). 


7th and Chestnut Sts., southwest corner, site of old Philadelphia Press building, scene 
and inspiration of Richard Harding Davis’s celebrated short story, ‘‘Gallegher.”’ 
Independence Hall, Chestnut below 6th; Sharpless’s portrait of Charles Brockden Brown. 
Franklin Court (now South Orianna St.), opposite Carpenter’s Hall. Here Franklin 
finished the immortal Autobiography. 

ewes, tito left. 2.8 Arch St.> turn left. 

4th and Arch Sts., northeast corner, Lowell’s Honeymoon Hotel. 

5th and Arch Sts., southeast corner, grave of Benjamin Franklin, author of the “‘ Auto- 
biography” and ‘‘ Poor Richard’s Almanack.”’ Turn right on 5th St. 

Spring Garden St.; turn left. 

7th St. Stop; walk north to 7th and Brandywine Sts., rear of northeast corner, home 
of Edgar Allen Poe. Continue on Spring Garden St. 

Broad St.; turn right. Broad and Green Sts., Central High School—notable graduates. 
Broad and Girard Ave., Widener Branch, Philadelphia Free Library. Stop to see the 
largest book in the world. 

Cross Olney Ave., bearing left with trolley onto York Road. 


239 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 25—Literary Curios and Landmarks—23.7 m. 


Ate Grtente Fm wP— 


9 tart of He Llmag Gib ny ) 
Ges ee oe 
Gb HOW, pha 104 Co-bafy 
Dip ff wit fag Ke Otlhcar D) qpprswr emer iene, 
Ae Gee xP) a7 sLey ppSED ; 
Gey? LO) per 


On the north side of Brandywine Street, 
immediately adjoining the northwest corner 
of Seventh and Brandywine (3.8), stands the 
modest brick rear house in which Edgar 
Allen Poe lived in Philadelphia, and in 
which it is believed he wrote “The Raven,” 
“The Goldbug,” “The Murders in the Rue 
Morgue,” and—to Christopher Morley’s 
honor be it recorded—“The Black Cat.” 
Here Poe was brought to the brink of mad- 
ness by the threatened death of his wife, 
who in this house ruptured a blood-vessel 
one evening while singing. Poe also lived 
in another Philadelphia house, No. 2502 
Fairmount Avenue. 

In the Alumni Memorial Library of the 
Central High School, Broad and Green 
Streets, southwest corner (4.4), is a picture 
of Frank R. Stockton, the novelist, a mem- 
ber of the nineteenth class. Here also may 
be seen a portrait and the classroom of 
Albert Henry Smyth, Shakespearean scholar 
and litterateur, who edited the definitive 
edition of Franklin’s Works in ten volumes. 
In the president’s office is a Visitor’s Book, 
containing autographs of Thackeray, Wil- 
liam Butler Yeats, and other celebrities. 

At York Road and Olney Avenue (10.0) 
stood until recently Butler Place, the home 
of Owen Wister, lawyer and novelist. 

At Church Lane and Lambert Street 
(10.8), standing back from the street, high 
on the left, is the old Spencer farm house, 
birthplace of Thomas Godfrey, inventor of 


the quadrant, and home of his son Thomas 
Godfrey, Jr., who wrote the first Amer- 
ican drama ever publicly produced (See 
Route 24). 

The Masonic Hall in Germantown (12.1) 
now occupies the site of No. 5425 Main 
Street, where the distinguished authoress 
Louisa M. Alcott was born November 29, 
1832. 


At No. 5261 Main Street (12.3) lived 
Sally Wister, a daughter of the house in 
Revolutionary days, who wrote the ever 
charming diary. 

No. 5253 Main Street (12.3), was the boy- 
hood home of Owen Wister. 

At No. 5203-05 Main Street, formerly 
one-dwelling house, Owen Wister, the popu- 


lar novelist and story-writer, was born July 
14, 1860. 


On the West River Drive, in Fairmount 
Park, just north of the Reading Railway 
bridge (16.6), high on the embankment, is 
the quaint low cottage known as “Tom 
Moore’s Cottage”; where it was long popu- 
larly believed Tom Moore, the Irish genius, 
lived and wrote poetry when he. visited 
Philadelphia in 1805. 





A DICKENS’ MANUSCRIPT 


One of the highly prized treasures of the Childs’ Collection 
at the Drexel Institute. 


240 


Mileage 


10.0 


10.3 
10.5 
10.8 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 25—Literary Curios and Landmarks—23.7 m. 


Butler Place, York Road and Olney Ave., left, until recently home of Owen Wister, the 
novelist; displaced by modern houses. 

Church Lane (Spencer Street), intersecting York Road at Branchtown; turn left. 
Avoid Limekiln Pike, on right. 

Church Lane and Lambert Street, old Spencer farm-house, high on left, birthplace of 
Thomas Godfrey (inventor of the quadrant), and home of Thomas Godfrey, Jr., first 
American dramatist. 

Germantown Ave.; turn left (Right for No. 5909 Main St., where Henry Van Dyke, 
author and diplomat, was born November 10, 1852). 

No. 5425 Germantown Ave.,now occupied by the Masonic Hall, site of house in which 
was born Louisa M. Alcott, 1832. 

No. 5261 Germantown Ave., John Wister House, home of Sally Wister. 

No. 5253 Germantown Ave., site of the home and printing plant of Christopher Sower; 
the large dwelling in the rear (now hidden by store-fronts), was the boyhood home of 
Owen Wister, the novelist (1860-1870). 

Queen Lane; turn right. 

Stokley St.; turn right, passing Carlton on the right. 

Midvale Ave.; turn left. 

East River Drive; turn right. 

Turn left across Falls Bridge over Schuylkill River. 

End of bridge; turn left onto West River Drive. 

Keep left on River Drive. 

“Tom Moore’s Cottage”; high on embankment on right. 

Turn right, passing under R. R., and immediately left. 

Turn right going through Smith Memorial Arch onto North Concourse. 

Turn left on Belmont Ave., which becomes 44th St. 

Dead end; turn left. 

42nd St.; turn right. 

Market St.; turn right. | 

43rd St.; turn left. 

Chester Ave. and 43rd St.; northwest corner, Clark Park, bronze statue of Dickens 
and Little Nell. Turn left on Chester Ave. 

Entrance (if closed, use Main Gate) to Woodlands Cemetery; turn right. 

Woodlands Mansion; bear right to front of house; curve to right and immediately 
left along river drive-way to McDaniel Chapel Vault on right. 

Stop and walk (right) on river path; immediately beyond the Leonhardt obelisk is 
the grave of Frank R. Stockton (1834-1902); inscription on rear of carved tomb stone. 
Continue on drive-way (avoiding left turn at 21.2) to 

Taber obelisk on left. Stop and walk up slope (no path) about thirty yards; spacious 
iron-railed lot, with ivy-grown grave of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell (1829-1914). 

Continue on drive-way, bearing right at 21.4; and turning right at the next turn; and 
right at the next turn; and immediately left on winding road to 

Main Gate Entrance, 39th and Woodland Ave.; turn right. 

Woodland Ave., west of 34th St., park and visit the Library, University of Pennsyl- 
vania. Continue on Woodland Ave. to 

Chestnut St.; turn right. 

Drexel Institute, 32nd and Chestnut Sts.; Art Gallery (second floor), G. W. Childs’ 
Collection of Manuscripts. 

16th St.; turn left. 

Market St.; turn right. 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


241 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 25—Literary Curios and Landmarks—23.7 m. 





ee 


Ae EES 





MANUSCRIPT OF “THE MURDERS IN THE RUE MORGUE” 


In the George W. Childs’ Collection at the Drexel Institute is the only one of Poe’s manuscripts known 
to be in existence. 


The captivating bronze statue of Dickens 
and Little Nell (20.6), in Clark Park, near 
Forty-third and Chester Avenue, West 
Philadelphia, is the finest literary statue in 
the city. 

In the Woodlands Cemetery, Thirty-ninth 
Street and Woodland Avenue (21.1), is the 
grave of Frank R. Stockton (born in Phila- 
delphia in 1834), who holds a unique posi- 
tion among American makers of humorous 
fiction. Dr. S. Weir Mitchell’s ivy-grown 
grave is also in Woodlands Cemetery (21.3). 


In the Library of the University of Penn- 
sylvania, Thirty-fourth and Locust Streets 
(22.1), may be seen an impressive portrait 
of the great English poet William Words- 
worth, painted from life in 1844 by the artist 
Henry Inman for his friend Professor Reed 
of the University of Pennsylvania. 


At the Drexel Institute (22.4) one may 
enjoy a rare treat in inspecting the notable 
collection of manuscripts given by Mrs. 
George W. Childs. Included in the collec- 
tion, remarkably full and representative, are 
autograph manuscripts of Thackeray (Lec- 
ture on George III), by Sir Walter Scott 


24 


(“Chronicles of the Canongate”), and 
many other celebrities. The priceless treas- 
ures in this collection are the autograph 
manuscript of Poe’s “Murders in the Rue 
Morgue,” and the autograph manuscript of 
Dickens’ “Our Mutual Friend.” How the 
Poe Ms. was saved is a dramatic story. 





2 


= 


FRANK STOCKTON’S GRAVE 
In Woodlands Cemetery, West Philadelphia. 


Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries 





T. MORRIS PEROT, JR. ELLISTON PEROT 
President of the oldest business house in America, Vice-president of the oldest business house in America. 
founded in Philadelphia in 1687, and conducted uninter- Mr. Perot and his cousin are lineal descendants of the 
ruptedly by members of the same family for 238 years. tounder in the eighth generation. 





FRANCIS RAWLE 


Head of the oldest law firm in America, Mr. Rawle, 
last of the three founders of the American Bar Association, 
is the oldest active member of the Philadelphia Bar. 


243 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 


Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m. 


Primarily historic in its purpose, taking the tourist to the door-steps of sixteen ancient business houses 
of Philadelphia that are all older than the Constitution itself (1787), this trip gives in addition an exceptional 
survey of industrial Philadelphia. Beginning in the leading down-town retail and wholesale business streets, 
and passing from the river front to West Philadelphia, the trip includes a sight of the great up-town manu- 
facturing industries and the great textile mills of Kensington. The concluding part of the trip, to and from 
the Landreth Nurseries at Bristol, Pa., is an auto-outing over two of the finest rural highways into Philadelphia. 


N Philadelphia eighty-six business houses 
have been in continuous operation for 
more than a hundred years. 

Thirty-one of these ancient houses an- 
tedate the year 1800; sixteen of them 
antedate the founding of the national gov- 
ernment; one dates back to 1687, having 
the unprecedented record of 238 years, being 
older than the Bank of England. Fifty of 
these centenary firms are’still in the hands 
of the original families, the oldest existent 
firm in America being represented today by 
a lineal descendant in the eighth generation. 

The sixteen oldest industries in continuous 
existence in Philadelphia are: brewing and 
malting (1687); leather and leather goods 
(1702); publishing and printing (1728) ; 
book-making (1738); lumber (1751); fire 
insurance (1752); white lead (1762) ; white 
lead (1772); boat transportation (1774) ; 
augers (1774); chemicals and oils (1778) ; 
banking (1781); law (1783); fire insurance 
(1784) ; seeds (1784) ; and books (1785). 

Following the order of the mileage itin- 
erary, important facts are given regarding 
Philadelphia’s sixteen oldest industries. 
Throughout this trip are gained impressive 
glimpses of Philadelphia’s great modern 
manufacturing industries, its great modern 
textile mills, and its great wholesale and 
retail centres, and occasional references 
to these will be found in the “Mileage 
Itinerary.” 

Francis B. Rawle, Esq., whose law offices 
are located in the Packard Building, south- 
east corner of Fifteenth and Chestnut 
Streets (0.0), is the living representative of 
a distinguished family that finds mention on 
many pages of the annals of Philadelphia, 
the first ancestor of the Rawle family set- 
ting out for Philadelphia from Plymouth 
2 mo., 24th., 1686, entrusted with money by 
William Penn. The present law business 
dates from 1783. 


The first book published in America re- 
lating to insurance, printed by Franklin in 
1725, was written by Francis Rawle, advo- 
cating the establishment by the Legislature 
of an Insurance Office in Philadelphia, for 
the purpose of providing Marine Insurance 
for the merchants. In 1733, the first gift 
of books to the Philadelphia Library Com- 
pany, six volumes of Spenser’s poems, was 
made by a Rawle. The secretaryship of the 
Library Company has almost been a hered- 
itary office in this family, the first William 
Rawle being secretary from 1786 to 1792. 
This William Rawle, the elder, was a “coun- 
sellor-at-law” in Philadelphia in 1783, with 
office and residence on Arch Street, between 
Second and Third. In Watson’s Annals 
(pp. 318-21) he has left a vivid description 
and characterization of his contemporaries, 
the early distinguished members of the 
Philadelphia bar. The present Francis B. 
Rawle, distinguished also at the Philadel- 
phia bar, was a classmate of ex-President 
Eliot at Harvard, and a recent president of 
the Harvard Club of Philadelphia. 


Lea and Febiger, South Washington 
Square and Sixth Street (0.9), carry on one 
of the two historic publishing houses in 
Philadelphia directly traceable to the famous 
Matthew Carey, who began the business of 
printer and publisher in Philadelphia in 
1785. 

In 1829 the firm of Caréy, EcamcmGarey 
was divided and two firms established, the 
present representative of one being Henry 
Carey Baird & Co., and the other present 
representative being Lea and _ Febiger. 
Henry C. Carey, forbear of the latter firm, 
became widely known the world over as a 
great writer and leader of a school of polit- 
ical economy. Isaac Lea of this firm also 
gained wide reputation as a writer on scien- 
tific subjects. As Lea & Blanchard, the firm 
became widely known as the first as well 


244 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 


Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m. 





Driving time about 5 hrs. 45 min. Two extra hours are needed for stops and dining. The last part of 
the trip to the Landreth Nurseries, including the return to the city, can be covered in an hour and a half, and 
is worth while both for the superior roads and the scenery. Stops may be made suitable to one’s interest. 
For full details see ‘‘Descriptive Itinerary.”’ 


Mileage 


0.0 
0.0 


0.0 
0.7 


Lt 


This 





PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. Go east on South Penn Square. 

Law offices of Francis B. Rawle, Esq., 1783; now in the Packard Building, southeast 
corner of Fifteenth and Chestnut Streets. 

Juniper St.; turn right. Wanamaker Store on left. 0.1 Chestnut St.; turn left. 

6th St. and Chestnut; turn right. Southwest corner, new home of the Public Ledger, 
recently merged with the North American, the oldest daily newspaper in America, 
founded by Franklin. 

6th and Walnut Sts., northwest corner, Curtis Building, home of Saturday Evening 
Post, founded by Franklin, 1728. 

Lea & Febiger, publishers, 1785, Locust and 6th Sts., southwest corner. 

mprieeot,.; turn left. 1.1 5th St.; turn left. 

Locust and 5th Sts. Stop; walk east on Locust St. to 4th St. 

No. 212 South 4th St. (north of Locust), Philadelphia Contributionship for Insurance 
of Houses from Loss by Fire. Founded by Franklin, 1752. 

No. 240 South 4th St. (south of Locust), Mutual Assurance Company, insurance, 1784. 
Continue on 5th St. 


SOF EPH ELEHE SRE TEE 
e PREP eee FER Ser 
PEPE ETE GE 
ets 


tog awewe REF 


reese 
gerd 


sea8? 


PHILADELPHIA AT WORK—FIVE O’CLOCK IN WINTER TIME 


original drawing by Frank H. Taylor shows the commercial heart of the city as seen across the 


elevated railroad tracks leading into Broad Street. Station. 
245 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m. 


as the largest firm in the United States en- 
gaged in the publication of medical and sur- 
gical works. Later Henry C. Lea turned 
aside from the business to write the his- 
torical works that have given him distinc- 
tion among scholars the world over. 

At. No. 212 South Fourth Street (1.1) is 
the oldest Fire Insurance company in Amer- 
ica, the Philadelphia Contributionship for 
Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire, 
founded in 1752, the outcome of the early 
interest and efforts of Benjamin Franklin to 
protect the citizens of Philadelphia from the 
devastation of fire. 

The Philadelphia Contributionship is 
familiarly known as the “Hand-in-Hand”’; 
and the badge or mark of four hands united, 
conspicuous on many old _ Philadelphia 
houses, has been the seal of the Company 
since the first meeting of the Directors in 
May, 1752. The domestic charm of the pres- 
ent office building, erected in 1835, grows 
out of the fact that until the advent of safe 
deposit companies the Secretary and Treas- 
urer of the Company was required to live 
here as custodian of the securities. In the 
rear of the building is a beautiful garden, 
the only one left in the heart of the city. 
One of the most impressive historic docu- 
ments in Philadelphia is “The Articles of 
Association” or deed of settlement of the 
Contributionship, written on fifteen feet of 
parchment, and signed with 1774 names, be- 
ginning with James Hamilton, the Lieu- 
tenant Governor of the Province, and Ben- 
jamin Franklin, a first director of the com- 
pany, continuing with the autographs of 
almost all the early distinguished families 
in the annals of Philadelphia since the days 
of William Penn. 

At No. 240 South Fourth Street is the 
ancient competitor of the Contributionship, 
the Mutual Assurance Company (1.1), 
founded in 1784, whose fire-mark, the 
“Green Tree,” is also conspicuous on many 
old Philadelphia houses. This badge or 
house mark was adopted to show the liber- 
ality of the new ,rival company, since in 
1781 the cautious directors of the Contribu- 
tionship resolved that “no Houses having a 
Tree or Trees planted before them shall be 


Insured or Re-insured,’ and in this way 
threatened to do away with William Penn’s 
“little green towne.” 

The Mutual Assurance Company took pos- 
session of its present buildings November 1, 
1912. For fifty-six years its headquarters 
were at No. 526 Walnut Street, and from 
1812 until 1856 it occupied its own build- 
ing at No. 54 Walnut Street. The house 
now occupied by the company once belonged 
to the distinguished Cadwalader family. A 
unique tradition, preserved for over a cen- 
tury at the monthly dinner of the board of 
trustees, is a standing toast to George Wash- 
ington, continued from the memorable 
monthly dinner in 1799 when news came of 
the death of that great man. 

In the Lafayette Building, Fifth and 
Chestnut Streets, northeast corner (1.3), is 
the office of The Francis Perot’s Sons Malt- 
ing Company, the oldest existent business 
house in America. Founded in 1687, this 
business has descended from father to son 
for eight generations, and has the unique 
distinction of being in continuous existence 
for 238 years, antedating even the Bank of 
England. 

Anthony Morris was the founder of the 
the business, and the present representatives 
are Elliston Perot and I. Morris Peroq i. 
In Peter Cooper’s painting of “The South- 
east Prospect of the City of Philadelphia,” 
to be seen in the hallway of the Philadelphia 
Library Company at 13th and Juniper 
Streets, may be located the original Morris 
malt house and brewery, which was erected 
on the east side of Front Street, below Wal- 
nut, facing the Delaware River. The Morris 
family later established another malt house 
and brewery in the rear of a lot on Second 
Street, between Arch and Race Streets, and 
to this business Francis Perot finally suc- 
ceeded after his marriage to Elizabeth Mor- 
ris, to whose father he had been apprenticed 
before going into the malting business for 
himself. The Philadelphia manufacturing 
plants have long been abandoned for lack 
of capacity to handle the great volume of 
business. The malt house is now at Buffalo, 
New York, but the office of the company 
is continued in the city of its foundation. 


246 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m. 





SCROLL OF THE “HAND-IN-HAND” FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY 


It contains the autographs of 1,774 directors of “The Philadelphia Contributionship,” organized in 1752. 
Franklin’s name heads the list. 
Mileage 


1.3 Chestnut and 5th Sts., Lafayette Building, northeast corner. 
Francis Perot’s Sons Malting Co., 1687. 
John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., white lead, 1772. 








THE OLDEST FIREMARK IN AMERICA, 1752 THE FIRST GREEN TREE FIREMARKE, 1784 
This badge is No. 506, and was placed in 1760 on No. 274 This badge is No. 1 and was placed on the McCall house 
South Second Street. at Second and Delancey Streets. 


247 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m. 


Both the Morris and the Perot families 
have participated in notable ways in the 
public life of the city and the nation. An- 
thony Morris was killed at the Battle of 
Trenton; Samuel Morris, Captain of the 
First City Troop, was a notable and im- 
portant figure in Revolutionary days; 
Thomas Morris was a founder of Westtown 
Friends’ Boarding School, and a manager 
of the Pennsylvania Hospital; T. Morris 
Perot was for forty years the president of 
the Mercantile Library Company, and for 
over thirty years president of the Woman’s 
Medical College of Pennsylvania, the first 
Woman’s Medical College in America. 

Located for more than a hundred years 
at No. 231 South Front Street, and installed 
since 1909 in a commodious suite of offices 
on the seventh floor of the Lafayette Build- 
ing, at the northeast corner of Fifth and 
Chestnut Streets (1.3), the John T. Lewis & 
Bros. Co., manufacturers of white lead and 
kindred products, established in 1772, is a 
notable old Philadelphia business house that 
has recently celebrated its one hundred and 
fiftieth year of progress and _ prosperity 
under five generations of management by 
members of the Lewis family. 

This firm goes back to the days when 
Mordecai Lewis became a member of the 
original firm of Neave, Harman, and Lewis, 
in 1772, four years before the Declaration 
of Independence and fifteen years before the 
adoption of the Constitution of the United 
States. In the office of the company hangs 
a highly-prized letter written by the presi- 
dent of the Bank of North America, the old- 
est bank in this country, first opened January 
7, 1782, stating that the John I, Lewis & 
Bros. Company possess the oldest continuous 
bank account on the American continent, 
since Mordecai Lewis & Co., the predecessors 
of the present firm, first opened their account 
with the Bank of North America January 
16, 1782, and the account has been active 
and continuous ever since. 


The secretary of the present company is 
Leonard T. Beale, great-great-grandson of 
Mordecai Lewis, and the president is Ed- 
ward F. Beale, son-in-law of John T. Lewis, 
in whose name the business was consolidated 


2 


in 1856, and incorporated in 1888. In 1889 
the company was affiliated with the National 
Lead Company. 

In its early history the firm imported 
various commodities besides white lead, but 
in 1820 it bought a plant and commenced 
the manufacture of white lead and lead 
oxides. In 1849 it removed its factory to 
Thompson and Huntingdon Streets, the site 
of its present extensive works. The ma- 
chinery for separating and grinding has been 
brought to such perfection that white lead 
is now produced so fine that it requires a 
hundred grains to cover the point of a pin. 
The extended uses of lead oxides, and the 
extensive uses of the company’s other by- 
products, bring this historic manufactory 
in touch with a most diversified range of 
modern industries. During the recent war, 
besides other notable services, it supplied to 
the Bureau of Printing and Engraving 
chrome colors for printing Liberty Bonds, 
and also the colors used in printing the one- 
cent postage stamp and the dollar bill. 

At No. 518 Ludlow Street, between Chest- 
nut and Market Streets, and Fifth and Sixth, 
on the south side (1.4), is the modern plant 
of the Franklin Printing Company, the busi- 
ness of which began with Benjamin Frank- 


lin in 1728. 


In 1744 the firm name was Franklin and 
Hall. In 1766 it became Hall and Sellers. 
About 1810 the name became Hall and 
Pierie. From 1815 until 1821, Hall and At- 
kinson conducted the business. The suc- 
cessors of this firm were Atkinson and An- 
derson, who on the venerable foundation of 
Franklin’s paper, the “Pennsylvania Ga- 
zette,” began the publication of the “Satur- 
day Evening Post,” the first issue of which 
was August 4, 1821. In 1827 the plant was 
moved to No. 112 Chestnut Street, then be- 
tween Second and Third. From 1833 until 
1840, the business was continued at 36 Car- 
ter’s Alley by Samuel C. Atkinson, who had 
become the sole proprietor in 1828. In 1840 
the business was bought by John S. Du Salle 
and George R. Graham, and removed to the 
old “Ledger” Building at Third and Chest- 
nut Streets. When Charles J. Peterson dis- 
placed Du Salle, the business was continued 


8 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m. 





BENJAMIN FRANKLIN’S PRINTING PRESS “PUBLIC LEDGER AND NORTH AMERICAN” PRESS 
It is owned by the Franklin Printing Company, who Owners also of the “Saturday Evening Post,’ the 
represent the unbroken continuation of Franklin’s printing Curtis interests now represent the unbroken continuation 
business, begun in 1728. of Franklin’s publishing business. 
Mileage 


1.4 Ludlow St., directly opposite the Philadelphia Bourse, on right. Stop; walk to No. 
518 Ludlow St., Franklin Printing Company, 1728. 

1.4 Continue on 5th St.to 1.4 Market St.; turn right. 

1.5 4thSt.;turnright. 1.6 Chestnut St.; turn left. 

1.7. Bank of North America ard Trust Co., chartered 1781; No. 307 Chestnut St.; standing 
on the original site. 1.7 3rd St.; turn left. 

1.9 No. 12 North 3d St., J. E. Rhoads & Sons, leather, 1702. 

2.0 Arch St.; turn right. 2.2 Delaware Ave.; turn left. 

2.3 Pier 10, North Wharves, George W. Bush & Sons Co., transportation, 1774. Reverse to 

2.5 Arch St.; turn right, crossing Broad St. at 3.8. 4.2 18th St.; turn right. 
No. 124 North 18th St., Christopher Sower Co., publishers, 1738. 

4.2 Turn diagonally left on Parkway, curving completely around Logan Circle to 

4.5 19th St.; turn right. Academy of Natural Sciences on right. 

5.0 Walnut St.; turn right. 

5.2 Pass No. 2032 Walnut St., home of the late John Wanamaker. 

5.6 Facade of the Commercial Museum (34th below Spruce Sts.) far on left. 

5.7. 30th and Walnut Sts. (Westinghouse Electric Co.); stop. Walk down bridge steps on 
right to No. 126 South 30th St., Wetherill & Brother, white lead, 1762. 

5.7 Continue on Walnut St.to 6.0 33d St.; turn right. 

6.1 Turn sharp right into Chestnut St. 6.2 32nd St.; turn left. 

6.2 Ludlow St.; turn right. 6.3 Job T. Pugh, augers, 1774, 31st and Ludlow Sts. 

6.3 31st St.; turn left by R. R. track to 6.4 Market St.; turn left. 

6.5 Bear right onto Lancaster Ave., and immediately right onto 32nd St. 


249 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m. 


until 1843 as George R. Graham and Com- 
pany, when it was sold to Samuel D. Patter- 
son & Co., who in five years turned it over 
to Edmund Deacon and Henry Peterson. 
These proprietors moved the plant to No. 
66 South Third Street, Peterson at the time 
editing the “Saturday Evening Post” so suc- 
cessfully as to reach a circulation of 100,000 
weekly. The “Post” passed through various 
vicissitudes and various hands, and finally 
was bought in 1898 by the Curtis Publish- 
ing Company. After” the retirement “of 
Henry Peterson and the death of Edmund 
Deacon, E. Stanley Hart took over the busi- 
ness in 1877, continuing it as the Franklin 
Printing House, and in 1889 the present 
Franklin Printing Company was incorpor- 
ated. Among the historic relics still cher- 
ished by the firm is Franklin’s old printing 
press. Another Franklin foundation, trace- 
able back to his “Pennsylvania Gazette,” was 
the North American, the oldest daily news- 
paper in America, recently purchased by 
the Curtis interests, and merged with the 
Public Ledger. 

The Bank of North America, No. 307 
Chestnut Street (1.7), founded in 1781, is 
not only one of Philadelphia’s oldest cor- 
porations but it is the oldest bank chartered 
on the American continent. 

The present bank building occupies the 
site of the bank’s first home, originally the 
commodious store of its first cashier—Tench 
Francis. Forerunner of the banking system 
of the United States, this famous old bank 
was the direct outcome of the plan pre- 
sented to Congress by Robert Morris, May 
17, 1781, and is a monument to his financial 
genius. The Bank of North America by 
virtue of its historic pre-eminence enjoys a 
unique distinction—it is the only national 
bank in the United States which does not 
have the word “National” in its title. The 
bank has recently changed its corporate 
title to the Bank of North America and 
Trust Company, and now has an up-town 
office in the Commercial Trust Building. 

AtaNo. 12-Northe ordesicectac) 9) aia. 
Rhoads & Sons, lineal descendants, carry on 
the business in leather and leather goods es- 
tablished by John Rhoads, of Derbyshire, 


«ments for coal and lumber. 


England, who came to America in 1699, and 
first established his tanyard in Chester 
County in 1702. Members of the family 
possess ancient ledgers showing the early 
transactions in hides, bark, and leather, with 
entries as early as 1723. When the old 
homestead and tannery were sold, a tannery 
was purchased and operated in Wilmington, 
Del. The firm first opened its store in Phila- 
delphia at Nos. 229-33 North Third Street 
in 1889, and after various changes finally 
established the headquarters of the business 
at No. 12 North Third Street. 

At Pier 10 North Wharves (2.3) is the 
office of the George W. Bush & Sons Com- 
pany, transportation and coal shippers, who 
have operated boats between Philadelphia 
and Wilmington, Delaware, since 1774. 

From 1774 until 1790, Samuel Bush, the 
son of an old West India trader, made 
weekly trips between Wilmington and Phila- 
delphia in the “Arm,” a) sloop otwahicty 
tons burden. Then came larger boats, and 
more frequent service, until by 1865 daily 
trips were made to take care of the increased 
freightage. The business has been enlarged 
from time to time by the addition of depart- 
The firm is 
now rounding out one hundred and fifty 
years of history under the continuous 
management of direct descendants of the 
founder. 

At No. 124 North Eighteenth Street (4.2), 
Albert M. Sower, president of the Chris- 
topher Sower Company, incorporated in 
1888, carries on the publishing business es- 
tablished in 1738 by his ancestor, the great 
Germantown pioneer printer and publisher, 
Christopher Sower. 

In 1739 Christopher Sower established a 
newspaper in Germantown, and between 
1743 and 1777 printed three editions of the 
Bible and seven editions of the New Testa- 
ment. Christopher Sower in 17/0 printed 
Christopher Dock’s famous Schul-Ordnung, 
the earliest American treatise on school man- 
agement, and the only picture we have of a 
colonial school. Sower cast his own type, 
made his own paper and printers’ ink, and 
bound the books he printed. Christopher 
Sower the second continued the business 


250 


MILEAGE ITINERARY 
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m. 





THE FIRST BANK OF NORTH AMERICA, 1781 TITLE PAGE OF THE SOWER BIBLE, 1743 


The Bank still occupies the site of its original building, The Historical Society of Pennsylvania preserves this copy 


Mileage 


6.9 


7.1 
7.6 
7.8 
8.3 
8.5 
9.0 
10.1 


11.0 


ive 


13.3 
ioeh, 
13.9 
14.0 
14.1 
16.5 
17-5 
20.6 
22.2 
24.1 
26.4 


the commodious store of its first cashier. of the handiwork of the pioneer Germantown printer. 


Powelton Ave.; turn right and immediately left on 31st St. Skyline of skyscrapers 
and industries on right; tracks of Pennsylvania Railroad. 

Spring Garden St.; turn right onto Spring Garden bridge over the Schuylkill River. 
Keep left curving onto Spring Garden St., and passing the Art Museum on left. 

23rd St.; turn left. 

Poplar St.; turn left. Girard College visible on right. 

West College Ave.; turn right. 8.7 North College Ave.; turn right. 

22nd St.; turn left. 

York and 22nd Sts., R. A. & J. J. Williams Co., lumber, 1751. Turn right onto York 
St., and ermediatly left onto Glenwood Ave. 

Pass North Philadelphia Station, Pennsylvania Railroad, on Mere. Along Glenwood 
Avenue are big manufacturing industries—furniture, baking, lace, knitting, etc. 
Allegheny Ave.; turn right; noteworthy for its great modern textile mills—woolens, 
worsteds, silk, ribbons, hosiery, upholstery, tape, tapestries, rugs, and carpets. 

Pass under Frankford L, bearing right and keeping on Allegheny Ave. 

Amber St.; turn right. 

No. 3047 Amber St., W. H. & F. Jordan, Jr., Mfg. Co., chemicals and oils, 1778. 
Elkhart St.; turn right. 

Frankford Ave.; turn right. 

Turn diagonally left onto Oxford Ave., joining trolley. 

Castor Circle; curve right around, crossing Roosevelt Boulevard, onto Castor Road. 
Bear left with trolley onto Bustleton Pike. 22.0 3-corners; bear right. 

Bustleton, right-hand street; turn right onto Grant Ave. 

4-corners; turn left onto Academy Road. 

Right-hand road; turn right onto Andalusia Road. 


4.9 | 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m. 


and became minister and bishop of the an- 
cient Church of the Brethren, or Dunkards, 
still existing at No. 6613 Main Street, Ger- 
mantown. The firm has occupied various 
buildings in Philadelphia since 1844, and the 
firm name has also undergone various 
changes until the incorporation of the com- 
pany in 1888. 

The old firm of Wetherill & Brother, 
white lead manufacturers, at No. 126 South 
Thirtieth Street (5.7), traces its history to 
1762 when Samuel Wetherill, the great 
grandson of one of Penn’s first settlers in 
1683, established himself as a builder in 
Philadelphia. 

Samuel Wetherill, one of the founders of 
the Religious Society of Free Quakers, 
known as the Fighting Quakers, whose meet- 
ing house is at the southwest corner of Arch 
and Fifth Streets, was read out of meet- 
ing by the Society of Friends for his busi- 
ness dealings with the government during 
the Revolution. Drugs, paints, and chem- 
icals were added to his other business activ- 
ities in 1778, and from 1783 until 1809 he 
imported white lead from. London. Samuel 
Wetherill & Son in 1804 erected the first 
white lead works in the United States, which 
stood at the northwest corner of Broad and 
Chestnut Streets, on the site now occupied 
by the Girard Trust Company. This first 
white lead works in the United States was 
destroyed by fire under circumstances con- 
ducive to the belief that this means was 
adopted by the foreign manufacturers to de- 
stroy competition. When the new white 
lead works were built in 1808, at Twelfth 
and Cherry Streets, the Wetherills were 
warned to construct their works so that they 
might be easily altered into a brewery, as the 
agent of the foreign manufacturers had in- 
structions to crush the “infant industry” by 
cutting prices. The Wetherill business is in- 
teresting as one of the “infant industries” 
that was saved after the War of 1812 by 
the institution of tariff measures and the 
principle of protection. 

In the office of William H. Wetherill, the 
venerable surviving head of the firm, are 
numerous portraits and prints commemora- 
tive of the founder and of distinguished 


early members of the firm, including John 
Price Wetherill. The firm possesses com- 
plete office files extending back to 1762. In 
1847 the plant was established in its present 
site on Thirtieth Street below Chestnut. One 
of the historic features of the equipment is 
the original walking-beam engine, installed 
in 1847, probably the oldest stationary en- 
gine in the United States, still in active daily 
service, and doing its work well. 

At Thirty-first and Ludlow Streets, north- 
west corner, occupying its original site (6.3), 
is the auger manufactory of Job T. Pugh, 
founded in 1774, two years before the sign- 
ing of the Declaration of Independence. 

This old firm prides itself on the fact that 
the holes in the yoke of the old Liberty 
Bell were bored with a Pugh bit. The orig- 
inal Job T. Pugh was not only the first 
auger manufacturer in the United States, 
but also the oldest manufacturer of tools in 
the country. Seventy-four operations are 
required in making an auger, and all the 
work is done by hand. When the business 
was started, all augers were for hand use; 
today, the greater number are for machine 
use. The first Job Pugh invented the first 
double-twist auger, which saves time by 
conveying chips the full length of the twist. 
The second Job Pugh, a grandson, invented 
the coarse single-screw auger, which is the 
only auger that will bore the hardwood of 
the tropics. The Pugh augers and bits have 
since had a world-wide reputation. 

The R. A. & J. J. Williams Co., Twenty- 
second and York Streets (10.1), carry on the 
lumber business founded in 1751 by Samuel 


Williams, who came from Cornwall, Eng- 


land, in 1733, and first set up his business 
on Walnut Street, when much of even old 
Philadelphia was wooded wilderness. The 
lumber yard has moved from time to time 
following the “frontier line” as represented 
in the growth and development of the city, 
finally being established in its present loca- 
tion in 1882. The business was incorporated 
in 1907, but, with one exception, the cor- 
poration is still owned and managed by 
direct descendants of Samuel Williams. 
The house of W. H. and F. Jordan, Jr., 
chemicals and oils, located at No. 3047 Am- 


252 


Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m. 





OLD LANDRETH NURSERIES, 1788-1847 


A modern schoolhouse at Twenty-third and Federal Streets occupies the site of this old Philadelphia in- 


Mileage 
28.2 
29.7 
31.4 
31.8 
5218) 
34.2 
34.4 
34.5 


34.9 
Sor 
35.9 


eV ess 
38.3 
38.7 
39.7 
40.3 
40.4 
40.5 
41.5 
48.5 
50.6 
56.1 
58.7 
58.9 
60.4 
62.9 
63.5 


dustry, now transplanted to Bristol, Pa. 


Cornwell Heights. 4-corners; turn left, meeting trolley. 
Through Eddington. At 30.0 cross R. R. switch. 

Fork; bear left with trolley. Through Croydon 31.5. 

Bear right with trolley. 

Bear right under R. R. onto Otter St., Bristol. 

Pond St., Bristol, turn left. 

Turn left on Beaver St. across R. R. tracks. 

Keep right to 34.6, D. Landreth Seed Co., seeds, 1784. Visit office and warehouse. 
Reverse to 

Pond St.; turn right. 

Otter St.; turn right; crossing iron bridge at 35.2. 

Pass under R. R., leaving trolley, and at Fork turn right; sign ‘‘ Hulmeville’ 
Onviett. 

Small tree in fork; bear right across stone bridge at 38.2. 
Fork; bear right upgrade. 

Newportville, 4-corners; straight through. | 

Turn left. 

Hulmeville, P. O. on left. 

Hulme St.; turn left. 

Dead end; turn right. 

Lincoln Highway at South Langhorne; turn left. 
3-corners; through. 

Pass onto Roosevelt Boulevard. 

Pass on right Sears, Roebuck Co. 

Bear left on Hunting Park Ave. 

Broad St.; turn left. 

North Philadelphia Station, on right. 

Baldwin Locomotive Works, on right. 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


’ 


; cemetery 


253 


DESCRIPTIVE ITINERARY 
Route 26—Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—63.5 m. 


ber Street (13.9), was founded in 1778 by 
Godfrey Haga, the uncle of John Jordan, 
who succeeded to his uncle’s business in 
1793: 

Godfrey Haga was an early philanthro- 
pist, bequeathing a quarter of a million 
dollars to the Moravian Church for mission- 
ary purposes, and $27,000 to Philadelphia 
charities. The firm, through the associations 
of John Jordan, became the fiscal agents for 
the Moravians in the United States for over 
acentury. John Jordan’s wife was a grand- 
daughter of William Henry, of Lancaster, 
Assistant Commissary-General of Pennsyl- 
vania in the Revolutionary War, member of 
the Continental Congress, and notable for his 
early influence on the boy artist West, whose 
portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Henry are now 
in the possession of the Historical Society 
of Pennsylvania. A great grandson of the 
Henrys was Dr. John W. Jordan, the dis- 
tinguished Librarian of the Historical So- 
ciety of Pennsylvania. One of the members 
of the Jordan family for nearly thirty years 
was president of the Manufacturers National 
Bank. 

The D. Landreth Seed Company, seed 
farmers and merchants, whose nurseries are 
now located at Bristol, Pa. (34.6), began 
business in Philadelphia in 1784, when 
David Landreth, founder of the business, 
son of a Northumberland farmer, set him- 
self up here in the tree-growing business. 

The first business place was on High 
Street, on the present site of Nos. 1210 and 
1212 Market Street, then a location well out 
in the country. In 1789 the Landreth nurs- 
ery and seed garden was established in the 


het avin 


“Neck.” In 1847 the old mansion on the nurs- 
ery grounds at Twenty-third and Federal 
Streets became a public school, and was 
subsequently replaced by the present Land- 
reth Public School building. 

The Landreth nurseries have supplied 
many of the fine trees that now embellish 
the old country seats around Philadelphia. 
Some of the oldest ashes, elms, birches, oaks, 
and buttonwoods still to be seen in Wash- 
ington and Independence Squares are fine 
examples of their trees, first planted about 
the beginning of the last century. The first 
David Landreth began in 1832 the issue of 
the Floral Magazine, the first agricultural 
journal ever published in America. The 
second David Landreth was one of the 
founders in 1827 of the Pennsylvania Hor- 
ticultural Society, the mother of all similar 
societies in the United States. Mr. Burnet 
Landreth, grandson of the founder, and 
head of the present company, was a moving 
spirit in the organization of the Association 
of Centenary Firms and Corporations of 
the United States, organized in the office 
of D. Landreth & Sons, Philadelphia, in 
1889, and became the first president of that 
remarkable association of firms and cor- 
porations established and conducted by the 
same family for over one hundred years. 
This association numbers eighty-seven es- 
tablishments, fifty of which are continued in 
Philadelphia. Mr. Landreth, who was Chief 
of the Bureau of Agriculture of the Centen- 
nial Exposition, is the last surviving member 
of the group of officers who carried through 


successfully the International Exposition of 
1876. 





THE HOLES IN THE LIBERTY BELL YOKE 
WERE BORED WITH A PUGH BIT 


254 


SUPPLEMENT TO ROUTE 26 
Philadelphia’s Oldest Industries—Complete List of Centenary Firms 


The long list of business firms and industries in Philadelphia that have been in continuous existence 
for more than one hundred years is an honor roll of which the whole Nation may be proud. As one enthusiastic 
writer has said: ‘These houses date back long before the days of coal, gas, railroads, electricity, telephones 
or telegraphs—some long before the days of steam or banks, and even before there was a State of Penn- 


sylvania. 


Some of them were old, very old, when the Nation was born. And they are in business to-day! 


What a background of traditions, of honest, worthy merchandising! . . . No other city in America ranks 


with Philadelphia in this regard.’’ 


Following is the complete list for 1925 of Philadelphia’s centenary firms, including the 


sixteen already described in detail :— 


1687 The Francis Perot’s Sons Malting Co. 

1702 J. E. Rhoads & Sons, Leather. 

1728 Franklin Printing Co., Printers. 

1728 Saturday Evening Post, Magazine. 

1738 Christopher Sower Co., Publishers. 

1751 R. A. and J. J. Williams Co., Lumber. 

1752 Phila. Contributionship Insurance Houses from 
Loss by Fire. 

1762 Wetherill & Bro., White Lead. 

1771 The North American, Newspaper. 

1772 John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., White Lead. 

1774 Job T. Pugh, Inc., Augers. 

1774 Robert Smith Brewery, Brewers. 

1774 Geo. W. Bush & Sons Co., Transportation. 

1778 W. H. and F. Jordan, Jr., Chemicals and Oils. 

1781 Bank of North America and Trust Co. 

1783 Francis Rawle, Lawyer. 

1784 D. Landreth Seed Co., Seeds. 

1784 The Mutual Assurance Co., Insurance. 

1785 Lea & Febiger, Publishers. 

1788 Joseph Oat & Sons, Coppersmiths. 

1790 Shryock Bros., Paper. 

1790 Nathan Trotter & Co., Tin Merchants. 

1791 T. S. Johnson Sons Co., Roofers. 

1792 J. B. Lippincott Co., Publishers. 

1792 Insurance Co. of North America, Insurance. 

1792 Thomas & George Ross, Lawyers. 

1793 Harrison Bros. & Co., White Lead. 

1793 Harry L. Buckius, Meats. 

1794 The Insurance Company of the State of Penn- 
sylvania. 

1794 Charles Warner Co., Transportation. 

1798 J. Gibson Mcllvain Co., Lumber. 

1800 Brown Brothers & Co., Bankers. 

1800 Kirk and Nice, Undertakers. 

1803 Philadelphia National Bank, Bankers. 

1803 R. D. Wood & Co., Iron Merchants. 

1804 Charles Eneu Johnson & Co., Inks. 

1804 E. W. Woolman, Milk. 

1805 Samuel T. Freeman & Co., Auctioneers. 

1806 William and Harvey Rowland, Inc., Springs. 

1807 C. Bockius Co., Glazed Kid. 

1807 H. M. and C. B. Siner, Brick Manufacturer. 

1807 George D. Wetherill & Co., White Lead. 

1808 John R. McFetridge & Sons, Printers. 

1810 George C. Child & Son, Jewelers. 

1810 N. and G. Taylor Co., Inc., Tin Plate. 

1811 Edward K. Tryon Co., Firearms, 


1812 Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives 
and Granting Annuities. 

1812 Proctor & Schwarz, Inc., Woolen Machinery. 

1812 Janney Lumber Co., Lumber. 

1813 Frank A. Hookey, Undertaker. 

1813 William Whitaker & Sons, Cotton Goods. 

1814 H. O. Hurlburt & Sons, Wholesale Jewelers. 

1814 National Bank of Germantown. 

1814 George P. Pilling & Son Co., Surgical In- 
struments, 

1815 The Edwards China Co., China and Glassware. 

1815 Horace T. Potts & Co., Iron and Steel. 

1815 C. Schrack & Co., Varnishes and Colors. 

1815 Adam Pfromm & Co., Wholesale Drugs. 

1816 Belz-Duncan Co., Electrotypers. 

1816 William H. Horstmann Co., Uniforms. 

1816 Philadelphia Saving Fund Society. 

1816 Armstrong, Wilkins & Co., Shoe Manufactur- 
img Goods. 

1817 Monroe Bros. & Co., Boots and Shoes. 

1817 William Barnett & Sons, Starch. 

1817 Fire Association of Philadelphia. 

1818 Powers, Weightman, Rosengarten Co., 
Chemists. 

1818 Riggs & Bro., Jewelers. 

1819 George D. Feidt & Co., Chemicals and Labora- 
tory Supplies. 

1819 Charles Lennig & Co., Inc., Manufacturing 
Chemists. 

1820 H. W. Butterworth & Sons Co., Machinery. 

1820 Hastings & Co., Gold Leaf. 

1820 Wm. F. Murphy’s Sons Co., Stationers. 

1821 Horrocks & Bro., Dye Works. 

1821 Edwin A. Smith & Son, Builders Supplies. 

1822 R. R. Bringhurst & Co., Inc., Undertakers. 

1822 Douredoure Brothers, Merchants. 

1822 Lehigh Coal and Navigation Co. 

1822 Bullock Brothers, Wool. 

1823 E. Bradford Clarke Co., Groceries. 

1823 John B. Ellison & Sons, Cloths and Woolens. 

1824 Jacob Reed’s Sons, Clothing. 

1824 John Sidebotham, Inc., Tapes. 

1825 Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company, 
Insurance. 

1825 Southwark National Bank. 

1825 Walter F. Einwechter, Bricklayer. 

1825 Riehle Brothers Testing Machine Co., 
Machinery, 


255 


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ROUTE—127 
The National Government in Philadelphia 


The historic memorials of the United States Government in Philadelphia include many places besides 
Independence Hall, Congress Hall, Old City Hall, and Carpenters’ Hall,—already described. In addition 
to the Post Office and the Custom House, numerous national institutions in Philadelphia have seen daily 
service almost from the foundation of the government. Here are the Philadelphia Navy Yard, League Island, 
the oldest navy yard in the United States and the largest in the world; the historic Schuylkill Arsenal, the 
bulwark of every war in the nation’s history since the Revolution; the Philadelphia Quartermaster’s Depot, 
where the modern Betsy Ross still makes “Old Glory”; the United States Mint, the first and oldest in 
America, and the largest in output in the world; and the Frankford Arsenal, where the manufacture of arms 
and ammunition has been carried on for over a century. The mileage from the City Hall, and necessary 
directions how to reach each of these places of importance, will be found under the illustrations. 


OME of the activities of Uncle Sam in 
Philadelphia may be classified among 
the wonders of the nation and the world. The 
sight-seer in making trips should follow the 
bent of his interests as well as the necessities 
of the time at his disposal. The Philadelphia 
Navy Yard, the making of “Old Glory” at 


ful in carrying out whatever trips are made: 

The Philadelphia Navy Yard, League Island, 
at the end of south Broad Street, is the largest 
navy yard in the world. It occupies 923 
acres. During the last months of the war its 
average daily population was 25,000. Its 
monster dry-dock is the biggest in the world, 


the Quartermaster’s Depot, and the United 
States Mint should not be missed. 
The following summaries will be found use- 


accommodating vessels 1000 feet long. Its 
equipment of great shops and ways, and 
powerful machinery, includes all the marvels 





THE MODERN BETSY ROSS AT WORK ON “OLD GLORY” 


At the Philadelphia Depot of the Quartermaster’s Department, Twenty-first and Oregon Avenue, are 
made all the flags used by the United States Army. Go south on Broad Street from City Hall to Oregon 
Avenue 2.3, turning right. At 2.8 turn left; at 2.9, right. Entrance to Depot 3.0 m. 


257 


The National Government in Philadelphia 





GATEWAY TO THE SCHUYLKILL ARSENAL, 1799 
At No. 2620 Gray’s Ferry Road is the oldest landmark of the National Government in Philadelphia. 


Go south on Broad Street from City Hall to South Street, 0.5, turning right. 
At 1.8, entrance to Arsenal. 


left onto Gray’s Ferry Road. 


of naval construction. Its naval aircraft 
factory was one of the wonders of the war. 
A regiment of marines is always stationed at 
the yard, and usually there are as many as 
7000 sailors. When the yard was first re- 
opened to visitors after the war nearly 100,000 
persons passed through the gates in one day. 

League Island itself was first put upon a 
map by the Swedish engineer Peter Lind- 
strom in 1654-55. It was bought by the city 
of Philadelphia in 1862, and presented to the 
United States Government for a new navy 
yard. The old Navy Yard was located on 
the Delaware at the foot of Federal Street, 
and for nearly a century was the only navy 
yard of the United States. It was originally 
the site of the shipyard of Joshua Humphries, 
who built the frigate United States, and who 
became the nation’s first naval constructor. 

The Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot, 
Twenty-first Street and Oregon Avenue, is 
the modern home of the modern “Betsy 
Ross.’’ Here, in the successor of the historic 


At 23rdgStréetnlZaituan 


Schuylkill Arsenal, are made ‘Old Glory” 
and all the flags used by the United States 
Army. In 1906 the Schyulkill Arsenal 
became officially known as the Philadelphia 
Depot of the Quartermaster’s Department. 
During the World War the designation became 
the Philadelphia Quartermaster Intermediate 
Depot, coincident with the opening of the 
extensive new plant at Twenty-first and 
Oregon, occupying sixty-six acres. With the 
opening of the new depot, the manufacturing 
and other activities formerly centered at the 
old arsenal were transferred to the new plant. 

The making of ‘Old Glory” at the Phila- 
delphia Depot is a stirring sight not to be 
missed. Thirteen operations are now neces- 
sary to the manufacture of the once hand- 
made Stars and Stripes. After inspection the 
bunting is marked and cut with an electric- 
driven cutting machine into strips of two 
lengths for making the flag. One hundred 
stripes are cut in a single operation. The 
blue field for the stars is cut in the same way. 


258 


The National Government in Philadelphia 





THE UNITED STATES MINT—BUILT 1901I—ESTABLISHED 1792 


On Spring Garden Street between Sixteenth and Seventeenth is located the oldest mint in the United 
States and the largest in output in the world. Go north on Broad Street from City Hall, reversing at 


Green Street (0.7) for west turn on Spring Garden Street. 


The material for stars is stamped out with a 
steel-cutting die, also on an electric-driven 
stamping machine. In the operating room 
the alternate red and white stripes are joined 
together on a double-needle sewing machine. 
Each blue bunting field is carefully marked 
for its stars, and the stars are stitched on with 
a zig-zag machine. Numerous other operations 
complete the process. 

The Schuylkill Arsenal, Gray’s Ferry Road 
and Washington Avenue, is the chief land- 
mark in the history of the Quartermaster’s 
Department of the United States Army. 
Purchased by the Secretary of War in 1799, 
the grounds of the Arsenal have been under 
continuous control of the United States 
Government ever since. The first building 
erected is still standing showing the date-stone 
of 1800. With the opening of the Frankford 
Arsenal, in 1818, the Schuylkill Arsenal began 
to lose its character as an ‘‘arsenal,’’ since 
that time becoming the great workshop, 
storehouse, and centre of distribution of 
clothing for soldiers, including everything 
connected with the uniform—coats, shirtings, 


At 1.0 mentrance to Mint. 


pantaloons, stockings, overcoats, shoes, gloves, 
mittens, caps, helmets, plumes and cap orna- 
ments, and also bedding, blankets, tents, and 
other camp equipage. 

The Schuylkill Arsenal has been the bul- 
wark of every war in the nation’s history 
since the Revolution. Indeed, records at the 
Arsenal begin with 1781 and include numerous 
transactions previous to 1800. Among the 
historic documents on file are the records of 
“the annuities”? paid to the Indians in early 
days; the records of the shipments of “ gifts”’ 
or annuities sent to the Barbary ‘“‘pirates;”’ 
and the records of the equipment furnished 
the famous Lewis and Clark expedition in 
1803, which resulted in the exploration and 
annexation of the Great Northwest. 

The United States Naval Asylum, situated 
on Gray’s Ferry Road, at the corner of Bain- 
bridge Street, is occupied by old sailors. The 
attractive buildings in their spacious grounds 
of twenty-five acres were formally dedicated 
in 1831. Here was first established the United 
States Naval Academy, which was removed 
to Annapolis, Maryland, in 1845. 


259 


The National Government in Philadelphia 





THE UNITED STATES POST OFFICE 


Extending on Ninth Street from Market to Chestnut, it is built on ground occupied by the University of 


Pennsylvania from 1802 until 1873. 


The United States Naval Hospital, although 
located on the grounds of the Naval Asylum, 
is under different management. The hospital 
was built in 1864-68. 

The United States Mint, now located on 
Spring Garden Street, and extending from 
Sixteenth to Seventeenth, is the oldest mint 
in the United States and in output is the 
largest in the world. The Philadelphia Mint 
was established by act of Congress, April 2, 
1792. David Rittenhouse was the first 
Director. The original Mint stood on the 
east side of Seventh Street above Market 
(1792-1833), and was the first building erected 
in any part of the United States under the 
authority of the National Government. From 
1833 until 1901, the Mint occupied the present 
site of the Widener Building, Juniper and 
Chestnut Streets. The Grecian columns 
that graced the portico of the Chestnut 
Street Mint now stand on the grounds of the 


Go east from City Hall on Market Street to 0.4 m. 


Jewish Hospital, Old York and Tabor Roads. 

The operations of coinage are open to public 
inspection as well as the largest and most 
valuable collection of coins and medals in the 
United States. Among the coins are some 
dating to 2000 years before the Christian era. 
The ‘‘widow’s mite,” found near the site of 
the temple at Jerusalem, is one of many coins 
of surpassing interest. United States copper 
cents were first coined in 1793, silver dollars 
in 1794, and gold eagles in 1795. The first 
gold received from California was deposited 
in the Philadelphia Mint, December 8, 1848. 

The United States Post Office, Ninth Street, 
from Market to Chestnut, began business on 
this site in 1884. The corner-stone of the 
building was laid in 1873, on ground occupied 
by the University of Pennsylvania from 1802- 
1873. One of the University buildings was the 
so-called ‘‘ presidential mansion,” built by the 
State of Pennsylvania in 1792-97 for Wash- 


260 


The National Government in Philadelphia 





THE UNITED STATES CUSTOM HOUSE 


Located on Chestnut Street, between Fourth and Fifth, in one of the finest specimens of Doric archi- 
tecture in the world. From City Hall, go east on Market Street to Sixth, turning right to Chestnut 


Street; left on Chestnut to 1.1 m. 


ington, but never occupied by him. Boyle’s 
statue on the Chestnut Street front com- 
memorates Franklin as Postmaster General. 

The upper stories of the Post Office build- 
ing are occupied by the United States circuit 
and district courts, United States district 
attorney, marshal, court clerks, and other 
officers of the National Government. 

The United States Custom House, Chestnut 
Street between Fourth and Fifth, occupies a 
building originally constructed for the second 
United States Bank, 1819-1824. The building 
is considered one of the finest specimens of 
Doric architecture in the world, and was mod- 
eled after the Parthenon at Athens. It was first 
used by the Custom House in 1845. In early 
times the collectors of revenue occupied their 
own residences or stores. Carpenters’ Hall 
was rented for Custom House purposes from 
1802 until 1817. From 1817 until 1845 the 


261 


Custom House occupied its own building on 
Second Street below Dock, west side. 

The United States Arsenal at Frankford, . 
popularly known as the Frankford Arsenal, 
is located at Tacony Road and Bridge Street, 
near Bridesburg. Originally a plot of twenty 
acres, bought by the National Government 
in 1816, the grounds of the Arsenal have 
recently been increased to over 62 acres. The 
manufacture of small arms and ammunition 
has gone on at the Frankford Arsenal for over 
a century. Occasionally big ordnance has 
been manufactured here. During the late 
World War 6100 persons were employed in 
the various processes of manufacture. 

The complete activities of the United States 
Government in Philadelphia are too extensive 
even to enumerate here. The full list, with 
addresses, will be found in the Bell Telephone 
Directory. 





GITY HALL SOUARES AST LD LOOKED Gils yuesamicue 


This captivating view of our ancestors in the early days of the republic was painted by John Lewis 
Krimmell, and the original is at the Academy of Fine Arts. See page 198. 





THE “CITY HALL” AS IT LOOKED IN 71682 


This is Birch’s well known print of Penn’s original home on Letitia Street, where the government of 
the City and the State began. 


SUMMARY ROUTE A 


The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—20.7 m. 


Arranged especially for visitors limited in time, this sight-seeing tour of Philadelphia, based on Historic 
Route 2—Memorials of William Penn, embraces some of the best scenic and historic features of the Quaker 
City. 

Beginning with a view of the city from City Hall Tower, it leads through sections of old Philadelphia 
that are still full of the charm of Colonial days; it includes colorful pictures of streets and buildings, modern 
and ancient; it gives sweeping glimpses of ships and shipping on the Delaware River front, together with 
an impressive view of the new Delaware River Bridge; it shows where Penn landed in .1682; where he made 
his famous treaty with the Indians, and the house in which he lived—the first brick house in Philadelphia; 
it allows time for brief visits to Old Swedes’ Church, Girard College, Memorial Hall, Horticultural Hall, the 
Aquarium; it provides time to see at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania celebrated historic paintings 
and stirring personal relics of Penn, Washington, Franklin, Lincoln; and others; after a magnificent view 
of the city from Belmont Hill, it concludes with a drive through romantic Fairmount Park, showing the pic- 
turesque beauties of both sides of the lovely Schuylkill; and finally, after passing the memorials to Grant, 
Lincoln, and Washington, ends in the perfect panorama of the Parkway, said to be the most beautiful prom- 
enade in America. 

A full morning or afternoon is necessary for this trip. Two hours are required for actual driving-time, 
but adequate additional time must be allowed if stops are made at City Hall, Historical Society of Pennsyl- 
vania, Old Swedes’ Church, Penn Treaty Park, Memorial Hall, the Aquarium, or other places of interest. 


Mileage 
0.0 CITY HALL, Philadelphia, south side. After visiting City Hall Tower, go east on 
‘South Penn Square. 

City Haliim—Long noted as the largest single building in the world, this home of the municipal gov- 
ernment occupies ground dedicated by William Penn for public uses at the foundation of the city. 
The cornerstone was laid July 4, 1874, and the statue of Penn was raised in place in 1894. This 
statue weighs 53,348 pounds, and is 37 feet high. The main tower is 548 feet high. 
City Hall Tower.—Guides for visiting the tower will be found on the first floor, east corridor. 


0.0 Juniper St.; turn right. On left 


The Wanamaker Store.—Founded by John Wanamaker, originator in the development of the 
department store in America, this great Philadelphia institution is a daily international exposition 
of the choice products of the world. The Wanamaker organ, originally exhibited at the St. Louis 
Exposition and since enlarged, is the largest and most majestic instrument in the world. 


0.1 Cross Chestnut St. 0.2 Cross Walnut St. 
0.3 Stop to visit the following, and then continue on Juniper St. 


Philadelphia Library Company (northeast corner of Locust and Juniper).—Established on its present 
site in 1880, this is the library founded by Franklin in 1731—the oldest public library in America. 
In the niche over the doorway is the Lazzarini statue of Franklin, presented in 1792. William 
Penn’s desk, electrical apparatus used by Franklin in 1746, and relics of Washington are to be found 
immediately on entrance. 

Historical Society of Pennsylvania (Locust and 13th Sts., southwest corner).—Instituted in 1824, 
the society possesses a rich collection of books, manuscripts, historic portraits, and relics. Not 
to be missed are the portrait of ‘‘Penn in Armor,’’ Penn’s famous Indian Wampum Belt, Washing- 
ton’s desk, Franklin’s composing-stick, and Lincoln’s law library. For other details see General 
Index. 


0.4 Spruce St.; turn left. Between 13th and 12th Sts., cross 
Camac Street.—A famous little street that has earned the name of the ‘‘Greenwich Village’’ of 
Philadelphia. Its quaint old houses have been made over into old-fashioned clubs, studios, and 
places for adventures in eating. 


0.8 Spruce St., east of 9th, north side 


Portuguese Hebrew Burying Ground, 1740.—Rebecca Gratz, the original of Scott’s heroine in 
“Tvanhoe,”’ lies buried here. 


0.9 8th St.; turn right to main entrance of the 
Pennsylvania Hospital, 1754.—Aside from its humanitarian and scientific importance, this insti- 
tution is of great historic interest. The cornerstone with the quaint inscription written by Franklin 
in 1754, the great scion of the Penn Treaty Elm, Benjamin West’s “‘Christ Healing the Sick,” the 
beautiful Colonial stair-case and woodwork, and the antique library at the top of the building are 
all of exceptional interest. 


263 


The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—20.7 m. 





Mileage 


1.0 


Bel 


1.2 
1.4 


1.6 


Zak 


FOOT OF MARKET STREET IN 1890 


Pine St.; turn right. Colonial house on left; spire of St. Peter’s Church visible down 
Pine St. Midway in block, on right 


Statue of William Penn.—Given by Penn’s grandson, John Penn, of Stoke Pogis, England, in 1804. 


9th St.; turn right. Immediately on left is passed Clinton Street, charming relic of the 
old Quaker City, and sometimes called the most restful street in Philadelphia. j 
Spruce St.; turn right. 
6th and Spruce Sts., southwest corner 
Birthplace of Joseph Jefferson.—A tablet records the birth of ‘Rip Van Winkle,’’ February 20, 1829. 
Holy Trinity Catholic Church, 1789 (northwest corner).—On the north side of this quaint red and 


black brick building is a small cemetery where Stephen Girard was first buried. Here also, says 
tradition, is buried the original of Longfellow’s Evangeline. 


No. 336 Spruce St., south side, east of 4th St. 


Lewis-Fisher-Wharton House, 1796.—A beautiful old house with an important family history. 
See Route 19. 

Front St.; turn right. Conspicuous for its old houses, brick and wooden. 

Front below Lombard, west side— 


Pastorius Tablet.—Marks the site of the cave-house built here in 1683 by Francis Daniel Pastorius, 
the founder of Germantown. See Route 3. 


Cross 


South Street.—The southern boundary of the City of Philadelphia down to 1854, when by act 
of consolidation city and county became coterminous. On this street stood the Old Southwark 
Theatre, frequently attended by Washington, where in 1767 was produced the first American play 
ever publicly acted, written by Thomas Godfrey, Jr., a Philadelphian, son of the inventor of the 
quadrant. 


264 


The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—20.7 m. 





MARKET STREET AT SECOND IN 1709 


Mileage 
2.4 Cross Catharine Street, named for Catharine Swanson, whose family was the original 
Swedish owner of the greater part of South Philadelphia. 
2.4 Cross Queen Street, still notable for its long line of old Swedish houses. The name, like 
that of Christian Street, is commemorative of Queen Christina of Sweden. 
2.5) Gonstian St.; turn left. 
2.6 South Water Street; turn right to entrance. 
Old Swedes’ Church, 1700.—On the gallery is the oldest public record of the use of the Swedish 
language in America; in the vestry room are Philadelphia’s earliest American naturalization papers, 
granted by Penn to the builder and first pastor of this church, now the oldest church edifice in Phila- 
delphia. Among the old tombstones is one of a member of the Swanson family, original Swedish 
owners of most of South and West Philadelphia. Here lies buried Alexander Wilson, the orni- 
thologist. See Route 1. 
Continue on South Water St. to Washington Ave., turning left; and immediately left 
again (bearing right across R.R. tracks) onto 
Delaware Avenue.—The International Mercantile Marine Co., Piers Nos. 53 and 55, is repre- 
sentative of the big shipping interests on the Delaware River water-front. With 20 miles of water 
frontage on the Delaware, the port of Philadelphia ranks second in the United States, although 
less than one-half of the river front is improved. A feature of this great avenue is the continuous 
Belt Line Railroad, with direct track connections with all piers and connecting with the three great 
trunk line railroads, eliminating the necessity of lighterage. 
Municipal Piers.—Since the creation of the Department of Wharves, Docks and Ferries in 1907, 
the development of Municipal Piers has been rapid. Over one hundred ocean-going steamers and 
a like number of coast-wise and river craft can be accommodated in the 267 wharves of all sizes 
that line the river front. 


3.4 South Street Ferry —Reading Railway Ferry to Camden and Seashore Resorts. 
3.6 Dock St. and Delaware Ave.; turn left, passing on left 


Old Dock Street Market. rye original centre of Philadelphia’s produce and fruit supply, now 
grown so great as to necessitate the use of the whole of Dock Street and many surrounding streets. 


3.7 Dock and Front Sts., northwest corner. 


Blue Anchor Inn.—The present building, no longer an inn, was a successor of the original ‘‘ Blue 
Anchor,’’ which stood at the spot where Penn landed when he first came up the Delaware in 1682. 


265 


The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—20.7 m. 





Se 
CORN EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK 


At Second and Chestnut Streets, in the block in which Penn built his first home and laid the founda- 
tions of the city, stands this financial representative of the great business interests that have grown up 
in this historic region. 

Mileage 


3.7 Curve right on Dock St. 
3.8 Cross 2nd St.; visible on right, 2nd and Walnut Sts., northeast corner 
Old Krider Gun-shop, 1754.—On this spot in 1680 was born Edward Drinker, the fist white child 


born on Philadelphia soil. 
Seamen’s Church Institute (2nd and Walnut Sts.).. Attendance in Recreation Rooms (5 mos.) 51,611. 


3.9 Walnut St.; turn left. 
Insurance Company of North America. Founded 1792.—The gigantic new building of the oldest 
marine insurance company in America is being erected on the Parkway. 
Old Stock Exchange Building.—This dignified old structure, the first home of the Philadelphia 
Stock Exchange, was opened for business in 1834. During the Civil War it was the financial centre 
of the United States. 


4.0 3rd St.; turn right. 
First United States Bank (Third St. opposite Dock).—The present occupant of this classic marble 
structure, erected in 1797 for the First United States Bank, is the Girard National Bank, which 
began business here in 1832 as the Girard Bank. From 1811 until 1831 the building was occupied 
by Stephen Girard as a private bank. It is the oldest banking building in America. 


4.0 Chestnut St.; turn right. 
4.1 Chestnut and 2nd Sts., northeast corner, Corn Exchange National Bank, Main Office. 


266 


The William Penn Sight-Seeing ‘Tour—20.7 m. 





Aerial photograph by Victor Dallin 
DELAWARE RIVER BRIDGE FROM THE CAMDEN SIDE 


Compare the river front along Delaware Avenue, above Market Street, with its great modern piers, and 
the foot of Market Street in 1709, as shown in the illustration on page 265, 
Mileage 


4.2 Letitia St.; turn left at No. 115 Chestnut St. 


Letitia Street——Named for Penn’s daughter, who owned for many years the block from Front to 
Second and half-way to Chestnut St. On the west side, near Market St., stood the ‘‘ Letitia House,” 
removed in 1883 to West Fairmount Park, and now generally called the William Penn House. 


4.3 Market St.; turn right. 


Camden Ferries. (To New Jersey and Seashore Resorts.)—Market Street Ferry—Pennsylvania 

Railroad. Chestnut Street Ferry—Philadelphia & Reading R.R. 

Franklin and Market Streets.—At the foot of Market Street Benjamin Franklin landed in Phila- 

delphia one Sunday morning in October, 1723, and made the memorable walk up Market Street, 
' penny roll in hand, which so amused the pretty young woman who afterwards became his wife. 


4.4 Delaware Ave.; turn right and reverse immediately on Delaware Ave. 


Stephen Girard Estate.—Delaware Avenue, north of Market, west side, was the original estate of 
Stephen Girard. It extended through to Water Street, where stood Girard’s home, in which he 
entertained Talleyrand and Louis Philippe, and many distinguished French refugees. 


4.6 Cross Arch St. 


Delaware River Bridge.—This largest suspension bridge in the world is to be formally opened 
July 4, 1926. The estimated cost is $35,000,000. The central span is 1750 feet long, and the height 
of the towers is 375 feet. 

North Delaware Avenue.—Recently developed into a magnificent commercial boulevard, from 
Market Street to Port Richmond, this great highway gives a wonderful picture of steamboat and 
steamship lines, great terminal freight stations, gigantic storage warehouses, and many diversified 
commercial and manufacturing plants. The new Municipal Piers are again a striking feature. 
At Pier No. 10 is the Bush Line, between Philadelphia and Wilmington, operated by the George 
W. Bush & Sons Company since 1774. 


5.3 Fork; keep on Delaware Ave. 5.9 Turn to right on Beach St. with R.R. 
6.0 Columbia Ave. and Beach St. 


Penn Treaty Park and Monument.—Here was the scene of Penn’s famous treaty with the Indians 
—‘not ratified by an oath”’ and ‘‘never broken.’” The nearby monument, erected in 1827, com- 
memorates the treaty and marks the site of the ‘‘ Treaty Elm,’’ blown down in 1810. 


6.0 Continue, by turning left on East Columbia Ave. 6.2 East Girard Ave.; turn left. 
267 





The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—20.7 m. 











PENN TREATY ELM AT SHACKAMAXON 


The great twenty million dollar plant of the Philadelphia Electric Company now bounds the site of Penn’s 


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Treaty with the Indians. See illustration on page 75. 


Cross Broad St.; City Hall Tower and Penn Statue on left. 

Corinthian and Girard Aves., Entrance Lodge to 
Girard College.—Founded by Stephen Girard for orphan boys and first opened in 1848. The beau- 
tiful Main Building, magnificent in design and proportions, with its spacious colonnade of thirty- 
four Corinthian columns, has been called ‘‘the most perfect Greek Temple in existence.’’ The 


grounds of the college occupy forty acres. In the Main Building is a fascinating collection of per- 
sonal relics of Girard. See Route 22. 


Bear right on Poplar St. 

West College Ave.; turn right. 8.8 Girard Ave.; turn left. 
Cross bridge over R.R. 

Cross Girard Ave. bridge. 


Fairmount Park.—Extending for many miles along both sides of the lovely Schuylkill River and 
for four miles along picturesque and historic Wissahickon Creek, embracing over 3600 acres, Fair- 
mount Park is the largest and most beautiful city parkin America. The name “‘ Faire Mount”’ was 
given by Penn’s surveyor-general to the region since known as ‘‘The Old Park.’”’ The West Park 
was the scene of the Centennial City in 1876. 


Turn left for entrance to the 


Zoological Garden.—This attractive collection of wild animals, birds, and reptiles from all parts 
of the world, now occupying 33 acres, was first opened July 4, 1874, on the historic grounds of Soli- 
tude. It is one of the show places of Philadelphia. 


By continuing to this point on the drive at the side of the Zoological Garden may be 
seen within the grounds 
Solitude, 1785.—Built by William Penn’s grandson, John Penn, who resided here after the Revo- 
lution and at one time owned half the province of Pennsylvania. The building and the grounds 


were bought from Penn’s great-grandson in 1852, this transaction ending the proprietorship of the 
Penn family in Pennsylvania. 


268 


_ The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—20.7 m. 





MEMORIAL HALL—WEST FAIRMOUNT PARK 


This permanent memorial of the Centennial Exhibition of 1876 is a treasure house of industrial arts, 
paintings, antiques, and curios. 


Mileage 
9.9 Reverse, bearing diagonally right at 10.0 through right-hand arch under R.R. onto 
Lansdowne Drive, West Fairmount Park. 


10.1 William Penn House.—Removed from Letitia Street to Lansdowne Drive in 1883, this humble 
house, built in 1682 by Penn for his daughter Letitia, is venerated as the oldest brick building in 
Philadelphia, Penn’s first home in the ‘City of Brotherly Love,’’ and the first Statehouse in 


Pennsylvania. 
Continue on Lansdowne Drive down grade, then curve up steep grade, passing 
10.5 Sweet Briar Mansion, 1797.—Judge Samuel Breck, who built this house and lived in it to the ripe 


age of ninety-one years, spanned in his life the entire period of American history from the war for 
Independence to the war for Union. Thaddeus Stevens saved, but Samuel Breck founded the 
common school system of the State of Pennsylvania (1836). See Route 19. 
Avoid left-hand road just beyond 10.5. 
10.7 4-corners; straight through. Bear right at fork just beyond; then at crossroad keep left. 
On the left the Smith Civil War Memorial. 

10.9 Memorial Hall.—In this permanent memorial of the Centennial Exposition of 1876 is a complete 
and fascinating model of the grounds and buildings of the Centennial City. Here is installed the 
Pennsylvania Museum of the School of Industrial Art, a collection of ceramics, medals, metals, 
furniture, and textiles of surpassing interest. Housed here also is the Wilstach Collection of paint- 
ings, founded in 1892 as the nucleus of a municipal art gallery. 

11.0 General Meade Statue; by Alexander M. Calder. 

11.2 Turn right, with Japanese Garden and Temple Gate (a relic of the Centennial Exposi- 

tion) on left; immediately right to 

11.5 Entrance to Horticultural Hall. Immediately opposite is the Jewish Monument to 

Religious Liberty, erected by the B’nai B’rith in commemoration of the Centennial 
anniversary of American Independence. 


Horticultural Hall.—Famous for its collection of magnificent tree ferns and other tropical plants, 
and for its sunken garden at the west end of the building. Horticultural Hall was one of the original 
main buildings of the Centennial Exposition. 


11.5 Encircle Horticultural Hall to 
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The William Penn Sight-Seeing ‘Tour—20.7 m. 


Fork; turn right; up grade onto Belmont Hill. Magnificent view of the distant city. 
Belmont Mansion, 1745.—Originally the mansion of ‘an early colonial plantation, and the home 
of a staunch patriot in Revolutionary days, Belmont is rich in memories of the remarkable Judge 
Richard Peters, who entertained here Washington and many distinguished guests. The beautiful 
colonial interior should not be missed. See Routes 5 and 10. 

Turn right, crossing stone bridge over trolley onto old Speedway. 

Turn right, curving down steep hill. 13.1 At top of grade, turn right. 

Greenland; the old mansion on the right, is the relic of a lost village. 

Turn left down hill, leaving trolley bridge on right. 

Turn left, at foot of hill, onto 
West River Drive.—One of the loveliest sections of Fairmount Park’s one hundred miles of drives 
and foot-paths. 

Turn right over Falls of Schuylkill bridge. 14.8 Turn right onto 
East River Drive.—Vies in beauty with its west bank rival. Along its shores gay crowds gather to 
witness the American Henley and other races. : 

Tomb of Elisha Kent Kane, ruggedly placed on the hillside, near the walled embankment 

of Laurel Hill Cemetery. A steep path at this point leads to 
The Grave of Charles Thomson.—The obelisk of this great Revolutionary patriot, who was the 
first Secretary of Congress and the first American translator of the Bible, commands a view of 
exceptional beauty. See Route 11. 

Turn left up hill, leaving River Drive. 

On the heights at the left is Strawberry Mansion. 

Statue of The Medicine Man. At 4-corners, straight through; also at 16.4 

Ormiston, a revolutionary mansion once belonging to a noted loyalist. 

Fork; keep right. 

Rockland, built in 1810. An early American merchant’s home. 

Benedict Arnold’s Mansion.—The most beautiful of all the historic mansions in Fairmount Park, 
Mt. Pleasant, built in 1762, and owned at the outbreak of the Revolution by Benedict Arnold and 
his wife Peggy Shippen, has many charming associations. See Route 10. 

Curve around and turn right. 17.4 Foot of hill, turn right. Pass under R.R. 

East River Drive; turn left. Equestrian Statue of General Grant. By Daniel C. French. 

Frederick Remington’s Cow Boy. 18.1 Rock Tunnel. 

Visible on hill on left is General Grant’s Cabin, used as his headquarters at City Point, 

Virginia. On the right, lighthouse and picturesque boat-houses of the Schuylkill Navy. 

Lemon Hill and Mansion, on left; acquired by the city in 1844; the original estate of 

42 acres was owned by Robert Morris during the Revolution and was occupied by him 

up to 1797. 

Lincoln Monument. Erected in 1871. Turn right, passing around fountain to 


The Aquarium.—Begun in 1911 and established in 1916 in the old Fairmount Water Works, famous 
for its Grecian architecture, this exhibit of food and other fishes in ingeniously lighted tanks includes 
aquatic reptiles, turtles, and terrapin. The turtle “Old Tut’’ weighs 820 pounds and is over 500 
years old. 


Reverse to fountain, turning right. 19.3 Pennsylvania Ave.; turn right. 
On passing the Washington Monument, keep to the right. The largest bronze sculpture 
in the United States, this great equestrian monument by Siemering was erected by the 
Society of the Cincinnati in 1897; soon to be removed to the Parkway facade of the 
Art Museum. 

The Philadelphia Art Museum.—Still under construction, this magnificent architectural acropolis, 


overlooking and dominating the entire Parkway, is to cost upwards of $15,000,000. The George 
W. Elkins collection of paintings is already housed in it. 


Turn right and then left onto 
The Parkway.—The Parkway is the crowning feature of Philadelphia’s system of beautiful boule- 
vards, leading directly through Fairmount Park to the Roosevelt Boulevard at the north, and 
connecting through West Philadelphia with the Cobb’s Creek Boulevard. Stretching from the 
City Hall to Fairmount Park and already flanked by buildings of rare beauty, representative of 


2/0 


The William Penn Sight-Seeing Tour—20.7 m. 





THE PARKWAY AT LOGAN CIRCLE 


This comparatively recent picture is valuable for making clear the great changes taking place in this 


rapidly growing centre of the city. The mammoth building of the Insurance Company of North America 
is conspicuous by its absence. 


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20.1 


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20.6 


industry, science, literature, art, and religion, this great central boulevard promises to be the most 
beautiful promenade in America. 

The New Free Library.—Facing Logan Square and dominating by its beauty this region of the 
Parkway, the new Main Building of the Free Library of Philadelphia has shelving capacity for 
more than 1,500,000 volumes. The library was established in 1891 and ground for the new build- 
ing was broken in 1917. Twenty-nine branch libraries extend the usefulness of the library to every 
quarter of the city. 


Curve around Logan Circle, once Logan Square, named for William Penn’s confidential 
friend and secretary, who was one time governor of Pennsylvania. 


The Academy of Natural Sciences.—Founded in 1812, the museum contains a remarkable collec- 
tion of birds, animals, insects, shells, fossils, minerals, and Indian relics. There is a notable gallery 
of portraits of American naturalists and scientists. 

Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul.—The corner-stone of this beautiful brownstone structure was 
laid in 1846, and the first religious service in it was held Easter Sunday, 1862. Its imposing dome 
and beautiful facade of Corinthian columns are striking features of the Parkway. The remains 
of most of Philadelphia’s venerable Bishops and Archbishops are interred beneath the grand altar. 
Industrial Buildings on the Parkway.—Conspicuous as among the first industrial buildings to be 
erected on the Parkway are the Bell Telephone Company Building (20.4), and (20.5) the new build- 
ing of the Insurance Company of North America. (Founded 1792.) 

Pennsylvania Railroad, Broad Street Station.—Here are the headquarters and general offices of 
the Pennsylvania System, which has a total of 27,795 miles of trackage, with 6549 miles west of 
Pittsburgh. Trains are run from this station, via the Delaware River railroad bridge, direct to 
Atlantic City and other seaside resorts. A magnificent new station in West Philadelphia at the 
Schuylkill River is planned and under construction. 


20.7 CITY HALL, Philadelphia. 


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SUMMARY ROUTE B 


The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m. 





Arranged also especially for visitors limited in time, this sight-seeing tour, based on Historic Route 8— 
George Washington in Philadelphia, covers and completes the important historic sections of Philadelphia 
not included in Summary Route A. 

It takes the visitor first to Independence Hall and the other great historic shrines, and finally to every 
important corner of the city. As Washington is associated in some striking way with every leading street 
and great highway of old Philadelphia the trip is remarkably all-inclusive. Beginning in the heart of the city, 
with its kaleidoscopic street scenes, the trip sweeps the length of busy Broad Street to historic Germantown; 
embraces the lovely Wissahickon boulevard, and picturesque roads of West Fairmount Park; crosses the 
lively thoroughfares of modern West Philadelphia; courses the length of the new Cobb’s Creek boulevard; 
and returns to the city by way of the oldest highroad in Pennsylvania, affording opportunity to visit the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, notable for the first Law School in the United States and the oldest Medical School 
in America. Opportunity is taken to list on this trip most of the noteworthy buildings or places of interest, 
ancient or modern, found on the way. 

As an exclusively sight-seeing tour this trip can be covered in about four hours. It should be planned, 
however, for a whole day, allowing ample time for stops and dining. The morning should include stops at 
the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Independence Hall, Congress Hall, Carpenters’ Hall, Christ Church, 
Betsy Ross House, and Masonic Temple, where the first part of the trip may conclude. The afternoon drive 
should include stops at the Academy of Fine Arts, Stenton, Museum of the Germantown Site and Relic 
Society, Bartram’s Garden, University of Pennsylvania Museum, Commercial Museum, or other places of 
special interest to the visitor. 





Mileage . 
0.0 CITY HALL, Philadelphia. Go south on Broad St. 


South Broad Street to Spruce.—Lining both sides of South Broad St. are many of the finest and 
most important buildings in the city. 


WEST SIDE EAST SIDE 
(Between South Penn Square and Chestnut) 
West End Trust Co. Building Lincoln Building 
Girard Trust Company Building Liberty Building 
(Between Chestnut and Walnut) 
Land Title Building Real Estate Trust Co. Building 
0.1 Union League North American Building 
Manufacturers’ Club Forrest Theatre 
(Between Walnut and Locust) 


0.2 Bellevue-Stratford Hotel Ritz-Carlton Hotel 
Philadelphia Art Club 


(Between Locust and Spruce) 


Academy of Music Hotel Walton 
Shubert Theatre Broad Street Theatre 
Atlantic Building Hotel Stenton 


0.3. Spruce St.; turn left. 0.4 13th St.; turn left. 
0.5 Locust and 13th Sts. Stop. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania and the Phila- 
delphia Library Company are included in this trip for the benefit of tourists who have 
not undertaken Summary Route A. See page 263. 
0.6 Philadelphia Club, Walnut and 13th Sts., northwest corner; one of the oldest and most 
exclusive social organizations in Philadelphia; founded in 1830. 
0.7 Chestnut St.; turn right. 
Chestnut Street to Ninth—Chestnut Street is still the main shopping street of the city and here 
stores and shop-windows abound. Chestnut below 13th St. is the Hotel Adelphia. At No. 1218 
Chestnut St. is the Bailey Banks and Biddle Co. jewelers and silversmiths. The Commonwealth 
Title Insurance & Trust Co., 12th and Chestnut, northwest corner, occupies in part the site of the 
house in which Robert Morris died in 1806. At 1224 Chestnut St. is the retail department of the 
hat manufacturers, John B. Stetson Co. 
0.8 Keith’s Chestnut Street Theatre. 
0.9 Old Chestnut Street Opera House, No. 1021 Chestnut St. 
0.9 Philadelphia Electric Company, Main Office, 10th & Chestnut Sts., southwest corner. 
The Philadelphia Record, No. 917 Chestnut St. 
1.0 United States Post Office, Federal Building, Ninth and Chestnut Sts. Boyle’s Statue 
of Franklin. 


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The George Washington Sight-Seeing ‘Tour—32.0 m, 


Chestnut Street and Ninth. 


Benjamin Franklin Hotel. 
Gimbel Brothers.— Under construction, the Largest Department Store in the World. 


8th and Chestnut Sts., northeast corner, Green’s Hotel. 

No. 605 Chestnut St., now occupied by the United Security Life Insurance and Trust 
Company; site of the original Chestnut Street Theatre (1793-1855), where April 25, 1798, 
was first sung ‘‘ Hail Columbia.” 

Sixth and Chestnut Streets; turn right. Southwest corner, new Public Ledger Building; 
adjoining, on Sixth St., facing Independence Square, is the Curtis Building, the home of 
The Ladies’ Home Journal, The Saturday Evening Post, and The Country Gentleman. 
The Curtis Building alone is the largest structure devoted to the printing of periodicals 
in the world. 


Walnut St.; turn right. Sixth and Walnut Sts., southeast corner, is the notable building 

of the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company. 
Washington Square, south side of Walnut St., west of 6th St., was originally Southeast Square, 
planned and dedicated by William Penn. Used as a potter’s field from 1706-1794, it contains the 
unmarked graves of hundreds of Continental and British soldiers, buried here during the Revo- 
lution. Across the Square, and facing it at Seventh Street, is seen the colonnaded facade of the 
First Presbyterian Church, founded in 1692, and removed to this site in 1825. In this church origi- 
nated Princeton University. At 7th and Walnut Sts., southwest corner, is the Philadelphia Savings 
Fund Society, founded in 1816, the oldest and first institution of its kind in Philadelphia. At the 
northwest corner of 7th and Walnut is the oldest Bible society in the United States, the American 
Bible Society, founded in 1808. 


7th St.; turn right. 1.6 Chestnut St.; turn right. 


Pass in review ‘‘State House Row”’: 
Congress Hall (Sixth and Chestnut Sts., southeast corner).—In this building, built in 1789, met 
the Congress of the United States from December 6, 1790, until 1800, when the seat of government 
was removed to Washington. The lower floor was occupied by the House of Representatives; the 
upper by the Senate. Here Washington was inaugurated for his second term as President of the 
United States, and here he delivered the famous ‘‘ Farewell Address”’ in 1796. Here, too, John 
Adams was inaugurated, March 4, 1797. Among other historic relics and paintings is the important 
exhibition of popular colorful historic paintings by J. L. G. Ferris. 
Independence Hal]l.—Begun in 1732 as the State House of Pennsylvania, Independence Hall has 
been the scene of the greatest event in the nation’s history. In Independence Chamber July 4, 
1776, was made the American Declaration of Independence. The Old Liberty Bell, which first 
proclaimed the nation’s freedom, hangs here upon its original beam. In Independence Chamber 
Washington was made General George Washington; and here in 1787 was adopted the Constitution 
of the United States. The beautiful old building is rich in relics and portraits of Revolutionary days. 
Old City Hall (Fifth and Chestnut Sts., southwest corner).—Completed in 1791, this building was 
for nine years the home of the First United States Supreme Court (1791-1800). Here is preserved 
an important collection of Indian relics and curios, and West's celebrated painting, ‘‘ Penn’s Treaty 
with the Indians.” j 
American Philosophical Society (Fifth St. below Chestnut).—Built in 1789, and founded by Franklin 
in 1743, this world-wide celebrated institution possesses many historic treasures, including more 
than a thousand Franklin manuscripts and many other mementos of the practical philosopher. 


Fifth and Chestnut Sts., 


Drexel Building (southeast corner).—In a house once standing on this site Gilbert Stuart painted 
the celebrated full-length portrait of Washington known as the ‘‘Lansdowne Washington.” 
Lafayette Building (northeast corner).—In this building is the office of The Francis Perot’s Sons 
Malting Company, the oldest existing business house in America, founded in 1687, and represented 
today by a lineal descendant of the founder in the eighth generation. A century older than the 
Constitution of the United States, older even than the Bank of England, this venerable business 
house stands at the head of Philadelphia’s oldest industries and numerous centenary firms. 

Also in this building is the office of The John T. Lewis & Bros. Company, manufacturers of white 
lead, established in 1772, and managed by five successive generations of the Lewis family. Depos- 
itors in the Bank of North America since its foundation in 1781, this firm possesses the oldest con- 
tinuous bank account on the American continent. 


United States Custom House, originally built for the second United States Bank, 1819-24. 
274 


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The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m. 


SEPA LE SS RE IST LCL i in costes ta ‘ 





THE UNION LEAGUE—BROAD AND SANSOM STREETS 


No. 421 Chestnut St., Philadelphia National Bank. Founded in 1803. 
Fourth and Chestnut Sts., southeast corner, Brown Bros. & Co., bankers. Founded in 
1800. In the building at the southwest corner of 4th and Chestnut Sts. is another 
Philadelphia centenary firm, R. D. Wood & Co., iron merchants, established in 1803. 
Deep in the rear of No. 322 Chestnut St. 
Carpenters’ Hall.—Built in 1770 by the Carpenters’ Company, founded in 1724, the oldest of all 
the trade bodies in Philadelphia. Here met the First Continental Congress in 1774. Here in the 
most illustrious body of patriots ever assembled Patrick Henry won fame and Washington his spurs. 
Directly opposite Carpenters’ Hall is 
Franklin Court (South Oriann’a Street)— Midway toward Market Street stood the house in which 
Franklin died in 1790, and in which he prepared the final draft of the immortal Autobiography. 
In this street James Gordon Bennett began his career as a newspaper publisher, and here Woodrow 
Wilson’s father was a printer. ; 
No. 313 Chestnut St., Philadelphia Clearing House. 
No. 307 Chestnut St., Bank of North America—the oldest bank on the American conti- 
nent. Chartered in 1781, it still occupies its original site. 
Chestnut St. and 2nd, northeast corner, CORN EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK, 
Main Office. Central City Office, Nos. 1510-1512 Chestnut Street. 
Letitia St. See Route 2. . 
Front St.; turn left. No. 46 South Front St., Bullock Bros., wool merchants, a cen- 
tenary firm (1822). 
Cross Market St. 
No. 36 North Front St., Nathan Trotter & Co., metals, a centenary firm (1790). 
Arch St.; turn left. No. 113 Arch St., Geo. D. Wetherill & Co., white lead, a centenary 
firm (1807). On the Wetherill building is a tablet to Capt. Thomas Holme (1624-1695), 
William Penn’s first surveyor-general, who lived near this spot. 


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The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m. 


2nd Ste: turner. 
Christ Church.—An Episcopal church building was on this site in 1695. The present building 
was begun in 1727 and completed in 1744. Here are the tombs of Robert Morris, Bishop White, 
and many others distinguished in Revolutionary days. The pew occupied by Washington and 
his family throughout his presidential years (1790-1797) in Philadelphia is carefully preserved. 
Tablet, marking site of the Slate Roof House, in which William Penn lived with his 
family on his second visit to Philadelphia (1699-1701). Here was born John Penn, 
“the American,” the only child born to the founder in the new world. South of the 
Keystone Telephone Co. building is a plot of ground, now Moravian St., set aside in 
1755 by Penn’s grandson as an Indian reservation. 
Old Krider Gun-shop, 2nd and Walnut Sts., built in 1751 by John Drinker. On this 
spot was born in 1680 Edward Drinker, the first white child born on Philadelphia soil. 
Cross Dock St. 
Pine St.; turn right. ‘The Old Second Street Market, on the left, dates back to 1745. 
Many fashionable families of the Colonial and the Revolutionary periods here did their 
marketing. 
No. 224 Pine St., the Stamper-Blackwell-Bingham House, built in 1768, has had a 
notable family history. See Route 19. 
3rd and Pine Sts.; turn right. 
St. Peter’s Church.—Built in 1763, this church shared with Christ Church the honors of ‘court 
church”’ in Revolutionary days. Washington’s pew is still pointed out, and in the beautiful church- 
yard is a monument to Commodore Stephen Decatur. 
No. 244 South 3rd St., the Powel House, home of Samuel Powel, last Mayor of Phila- 
delphia under the proprietary charter, and first Mayor under the new United States. 
Here Washington frequently ‘“‘dined,” “danced,” and “drank tea.” 
Willing’s Alley. Hidden away in this narrow street, midway between Third and Fourth 
Sts., is the oldest Catholic church in Philadelphia, St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church, 
founded in 1733. . 
St. Paul’s Church (Third St., below Walnut).—Built in 1762. In the churchyard, at the right, 
is the tomb of the great tragedian Edwin Forrest. Stephen Girard was married in this church, 
June 6, 1777. 
Walnut St. and Third, old home of the Insurance Company of North America,founded 1792. 
First United States Bank, afterwards Stephen Girard’s Bank. See Routes 12 and 22. 
Arch St.; turn left. Stop; walk back to 


Betsy Ross House (No. 239 Arch St.).—Tradition names this quaint old house, once the home of 
Elizabeth Ross, ‘‘The Birthplace of Old Glory.’’ The Stars and Stripes first became the national 
flag in Philadelphia by act of Congress assembled in Independence Hall, June 14, 1777. 
4th and Arch Sts.; the Arch Street Friends’ Meeting House, the stronghold of the 
Quakers in Philadelphia ; the direct successor of the ‘““Great Meeting House,” built in 1695. 
4th St.; turn left. At the northeast corner of 4th and Arch is Lowell’s ‘‘Honey-Moon 
Hotel.’”’ Here lived in earlier days Dr. William Smith, the first provost of the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania. On 4th St. above Arch, at the southeast corner of Cherry St. 
stood until 1870 Old Zion Lutheran Church, forever memorable as the spot where 
General ‘‘ Light-horse Harry”’ Lee first proclaimed Washington—‘‘First in war, first in 
peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.” 
At No. 62 North 4th St., second alley-way, is a tablet marking the site of the Old Charity 
School and Academy, founded by Franklin in 1740, which became in 1779 the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania. 4.1 Market St.; turn right. . 
Visible on 5th St. below Market, east side, the Philadelphia Bourse, founded in 1890. 
No. 528-30 Market St., tablet high on second floor front, was the site of the ‘‘first 
White House.” Here Washington lived with his family, 1790-1797. 
7th and Market Sts., southwest corner, Penn National Bank, site of the house in which 
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence. Tablet. 


276 


The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m. 





MASONIC TEMPLE—BROAD AND FILBERT STREETS BROAD STREET STATION—PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 
Mileage 
4.3 Extending from 7th to 8th St., on Market, Lit Brothers, Department Store. 
4.4 8th and Market Sts., occupying the block bounded by Market and Chestnut, 8th and 
9th, Gimbel Brothers, Department Store. 
4.4 8th and Market Sts., Strawbridge & Clothier, Department Store. 
4.7 11th to 12th, south side of Market St., N. Snellenburg & Co., Department Store. 
4.7 12th and Market Sts., Reading Terminal—Philadelphia & Reading Railway Co. 
4.8 13th and Market Sts., The Wanamaker Store. John Wanamaker, Founder. 
4.9 Turn right, around CITY HALL, passing on the right the Evening Bulletin Building, 
Filbert and Juniper Sts. On left, Broad Street Station. Stop to visit 
Masonic Temple (Broad and Filbert Sts.)— The interior of this beautiful specimen of Norman 
architecture is one of the'sights of Philadelphia. Oriental Hall, Ionic Hall, Egyptian Hall, Norman 
Hall, Renaissance Hall, and Gothic Hall, as well as the grand staircases and the banquet-hall, are 
distinguished for their impressive architecture. The museum is rich in portraits, books, and his- 
toric relics relating to freemasonry, first introduced into Philadelphia about 1730. 
5.0 Broad St.; turn right. 
North Broad Street.—Broad Street is the longest straight street in the world. It reaches from 
League Island Navy Yard on the south to the city limits on the north, a distance of over twelve 
miles. It has a width of 113 feet throughout its entire length. Four miles from the City Hall it 
crosses Germantown Avenue, and a half mile farther on connects with the Roosevelt Boulevard, - 
the great northeast highway. Beginning with the Masonic Temple, northeast corner of Broad 
and Filbert Streets, North Broad Street is conspicuous for its many beautiful and important buildings. 
5.1 Arch St., northwest corner, United Gas Improvement Company Building. Adjoining 
this building, on Arch St., is the central building of the Young Men’s Christian Association. 
5.1 Broad and Cherry Sts., east side, the Lyric Theatre; immediately adjoining, the Adelphi 


Theatre. Nearly opposite is the 


Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.—Founded in 1805, this is the oldest art academy in America. 
The notable permanent collection is enriched by the largest and finest collection of historic por- 


277 


Mileage 


5.6 
Daf 


11.4 


The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m. 


traits in this country, including the most remarkable group of portraits by Gilbert Stuart to be 
found anywhere. See Route 20. 
Hahnemann Medical College, west side. 
Vine St., northeast corner, the first Catholic High School. 5.4 The Elks Building. 
Thé Elverson Building, the new home of The Philadelphia Inquirer. 
The Baldwin Locomotive Works.—A Philadelphia industry of international importance that has 
spread Philadelphia’s name and fame throughout the civilized world. Including the plant at Eddy- 
stone, the company at capacity employs over 20,000 men, making normally 3000 locomotives a 
year. Founded in 1831 by Matthias W. Baldwin, it is the oldest locomotive works in America. 
Spring Garden St., northeast corner, Spring Garden Institute, a pioneer school for 
mechanics. Adjoining, on Spring Garden St., the Lu Lu Temple, and the Philadelphia 
Normal School. 
East side, The Apprentices’ Library, founded in 1820. 
West side, Central High School, founded in 1836, the first free public high school estab- 
lished outside of New England. Among many notable graduates were Frank R. 
Stockton, the novelist; and Elihu Thompson, scientist and inventor. The Lick 
Observatory and the Yerkes Observatory trace their inspiration and origin to this school. 
Metropolitan Opera House, Broad and Poplar. 
La Salle College, No. 1240 North Broad St. 
Broad and Master Sts., southwest corner, School of Design for Women, organized 1844. 
The building was the last home of Edwin Forrest, the great American tragedian. 
Mercartile Club, Broad above Master. 
Keneseth Israel Temple, No. 1717 North Broad Street. 
Temple University, Broad and Berks. 
The Baptist Temple. 7.3 Second Regiment Armory. 
Dropsie College, Broad below York. 
Mickve Israel Temple, Broad and York Streets. 
Broad and Huntingdon Sts., Philadelphia National League Baseball Park. 
Glenwood Ave., on left, North Philadelphia Station, Pennsylvania Railroad Co. 
Masonic Home of Pennsylvania. 8.6 Samaritan Hospital. 
Widener Memorial School for Girls. 
On the right, starting point of the Roosevelt Boulevard. over twelve miles long and 300 
feet wide, the most magnificent section of the Lincoln Highway to New York. One of 
the sights of the boulevard is the extensive plant of Sears, Roebuck & Co., the Phila- 
delphia home of the world’s largest store. 
Courtland St.; turn left. 
18th St.; turn right, and immediately right into 
Stenton.— Built in 1728 by James,Logan, secretary and confidential friend of William Penn, this 


charming house is the finest and best-preserved specimen of an early Colonial home in Philadelphia. 
See Route 5. 


Reverse on 18th St. to 10.5 Courtland St.; turn right. 

20th St.; curve left, and immediately right onto Wingohocking St., and immediately 
right onto 10.8 Germantown Ave. (Main Street). 

Pass under R.R., Wayne Junction Station, Philadelphia & Reading Ry. Co. 

Apsley and Germantown Ave., high on the brow of Neglee’s Hill, 


Loudoun.—Built in 1801, and now occupied by descendants of James Logan, this beautiful man- 
sion stands on ground once belonging to one of the thirteen original settlers of Germantown. 


From this point old Germantown houses abound, right and left. 
East Logan and Main Sts., 


Lower Burial Ground.—Dates to 1693. The date of the oldest tombstone is 1707. Here are graves 
of the earliest settlers, and of British officers killed at the Battle of Germantown. 


No. 5109 Main St., Thones Kunder’s House, where in 1688 was made the first public 
protest in America against human slavery, presented to the Friends’ Meeting by Francis 
278 . 


The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m. 





THE FIRST COMMERCIAL MUSEUM IN THE UNITED STATES—FOUNDED IN PHILADELPHIA, 1894 


' Mileage 


Daniel Pastorius, the founder of Germantown. Thones Kunder, one of the thirteen 
original settlers of Germantown, numbers among his descendants Sir Samuel Cunard, 
founder of the Cunard Steamship Line. 

11.6 No. 5140 Main St., in 1796 occupied by Gilbert Stuart, when in a near-by studio he 
painted the celebrated “‘ Athenaeum’” portrait of Washington. 

11.6 No. 5267 Main St., the Wister House, early known as Grumblethorpe, the home since 
1744 of a family distinguished in the annals of Philadelphia. Here lived Sally Wister 
who wrote the famous Diary with its ever charming account of Revolutionary days 
and events. 

11.8 Just beyond Coulter St. is the pathway leading to the Germantown Friends’ Meeting 
House, now hidden by the new school building. The old graveyard at the right of the 
path dates to 1693, and in it is the unidentified grave of Francis Daniel Pastorius, the 
founder of Germantown in 1683. 

11.9 No. 5542 Main St., the Morris House, opposite Market Square, was built in 1772, and 
is memorable as the temporary home of President Washington and his family. 

12.1 Vernon Park; including Vernon Mansion, the home of John Wister, used as the Museum 
of the Germantown Site and Relic Society. 


12.2 Pastorius Monument.—Designed by Albert Jaegers to commemorate the 225th anniversary of the 
founding of Germantown by Francis Daniel Pastorius and the original thirteen settlers. 


12.4 Germantown High School, on the right. 
12.4 No. 6019 Main St. occupies the 


Site of the Pastorius Homestead.—The original home of the founder of Germantown stood on 
ground now occupied by the Methodist Church. The modernized building in the rear of the church 
was one of the farm houses. The beautiful building now No. 6019 Main St. was built in 1748 by 
a grandson of Pastorius, and was long famous as the Green Tree Tavern. In it was founded the 
Germantown Academy in 1759. 


279 


Mileage 


12.4 


125 


1Zi7. 


The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m. 


Walnut Lane and Main St., southwest corner, is Wyck, believed to be the oldest (1690) 
house in Germantown, and notable as a house that has never been sold. 
Mennonite Meeting House, built in 1770 in place of the log meeting-house put up in 
1702. Conspicuous in the graveyard is the grave of William Rittenhouse, the first 
pastor of the congregation, famous for the first paper mill in America and as the ancestor 
of the celebrated David Rittenhouse. : 
No. 6239 Main St., the Washington Tavern, built in 1740; many taverns of this type 
lined Main St. in early days. 
Nos. 6306 and 6316 Main St., the Johnson Houses, were in the thick of the fight at the 
Battle of Germantown. Directly opposite is the old Concord School (1775), in which 
was held the meeting that led to the organization of the Junior Order of American 
Mechanics. Adjoining is the Upper Burying Ground of Germantown, the oldest known 
grave dating to 1716. 
Johnson and Main Sts., occupying the whole block, 

The Chew House.—Built in 1760, this historic old colonial mansion was the central scene in the 

Battle of Germantown. See Route 10. 
Almost opposite the Chew House is Upsala, built in 1798 by an ancestor of the present 
occupant; one of the most beautiful examples of colonial architecture in Philadelphia. 
Upsal St.; turn left. At the northeast corner of Upsal and Main Streets is the Billmeyer 
House, built in 1727. Here Washington stood at the Battle of Germantown, telescope 
in hand, watching the British entrenched in the Chew House. 
Greene St.; turn right under R.R., and immediately left (13.7) on West Upsal St. 
Lincoln Drive; turn left. 14.1 Gateway entrance to Fairmount Park. 
Lincoln Drive at the foot of Rittenhouse Lane— 


Birthplace of David Rittenhouse.—In this picturesque old stone house, built in 1707, was born, 
in 1732, the first American astronomer. David Rittenhouse attained distinction as a patriot during 
the Revolutionary War, and became Director of the First United States Mint, and afterwards 
Treasurer of Pennsylvania. See Route 13. 


Site of First Paper Mill in America.—Adjoining the Rittenhouse homestead was the Rittenhouse 
Mill, put up in 1690 by William Rittenhouse, the greatgrandfather of the celebrated scientist and 
patriot. 
Entrance to Wissahickon Drive. The drive along the picturesque Wissahickon Valley 
and Creek is not open to automobiles. The region is full of romantic and historic interest. 
Fork; turn right, up hill, crossing at 1.65 City Line bridge over Schuylkill River. On 
the right, Pencoyd Iron Works of the American Bridge Co. 
Philadelphia Country Club, on left. 17.4 Belmont Ave., Belmont Reservoir on left. 
52nd St. and City Line Ave. Turn left for 
Detour to Wynnstay, 1690.—City Line Ave. 0.0; 0.3 Woodbine Ave. and 52nd St., Wynnstay, 
built in part in 1690 by Dr. Thomas Wynne, William Penn's friend and physician. Turn right on 
Woodbine Ave. to 54th St., 0.5. At 0.8 pass No. 2471 North 54th St., ““Wynnstay”’ (carved on 
gate), until recently the home of a direct descendent of Dr. Thomas Wynne. At 0.9, City Line 
Ave., turn left resetting mileage at 18.4. 
Cross Old Lancaster Road (merges on left into 54th St.). 
Episcopal Academy, Lower School. 
Episcopal Academy, Main Entrance (City Line and Berwick Aves.). Founded in 1785, 
this famous old school was located in its present beautiful buildings and grounds in 1921. 
Cross R.R. bridge at Overbrook Station, turning immediately left on 63rd St. 
On the right, 64th and Malvern (towers visible) the Overbrook School for the Blind (The 
Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind). 
Cross Market St. (West Chester Highway). On right, Millbourne Mills,1757. 63rd 
St. at Market St. becomes the Cobb’s Creek Parkway. 
Diagonally right across Baltimore Ave., continuing on 58th St. 
Turn right into Parkway, curving into 59th St. 
Fork; keep right, on Parkway. 


280 


The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m. 





GRAVE OF BETSY ROSS—MT. MORIAH SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND, OVERBROOK 
It is now well cared for by the Patriotic Order Sons of Built on the principle that the blind should be surrounded 
America, by the beautiful. 


Mileage 

24.1 Detour may be made at this point to visit in Mt. Moriah Cemetery 
The Grave of Betsy Ross.—Turn left into Mt. Moriah (0.0), crossing iron bridge, keeping right; 
turn (0.1) right, up grade; turn left (0.2), following road curving to right. At 0.3, left, marked 
by a flag-pole and a memorial stone, erected in 1923 by the Patriotic Order Sons of America, ‘‘in 
honor of the maker of the first American Flag,’ is the grave of Elizabeth Claypoole (1752-1836), 
“Betsy Ross.”” Returning, continue on same road curving right (avoiding roads on left) to 0.5, 
turning sharp left, and left again, reaching at 0.7 the starting point. 


24.1 Continue on Cobb’s Creek Boulevard. 25.4 Woodland Ave.; turn left. 


Woodland Avenue at 73rd St.—Woodland Avenue is the oldest highroad in Pennsylvania. Stop 
and walk, or make a short turn to the right on Woodland Avenue to get an unobstructed view of 
the old Blue Bell Tavern (1766), Washington’s first welcome and last farewell to Philadelphia, as 
he travelled over this old road to and from Mt. Vernon. Adjoining the Blue Bell is Cobb’s Creek 
Dam, the site of a water-mill put up by the Swedish Governor Printz in 1643. This spot is the 
birthplace of Pennsylvania’s industries. Directly opposite this historic site is the extensive plant 
of Fels & Co. soap manufacturers. 


25.7 In the rear of the Harriet Beecher Stowe Public School, 70th and Woodland Ave., is a 
' ‘low one-story building, the oldest public school building in Philadelphia, built in 1789, 
and recently in use as an open-air school. 
25.9 St. James Church, Kingsessing; built by Swedish settlers in 1760; the second of the three 
original Swedish churches in or near Philadelphia. 
26.6 The J. G. Brill Company, 62nd and Woodland. Brill cars have made the name of 
Philadelphia known the world over. 
26.9 Old Swedish Farmhouse, 59th and Woodland Ave. 27.4 54th St.; turn right. 
27.7 Elmwood Ave.; turn left, and immediately right across bridge to 27.8— 
The Bartram House and Gardens.—Built in 1731 by John Bartram, the first American botanist, 
called by Linnaeus ‘‘the greatest of natural botanists in the world,”’ this picturesque home of the 
early wilderness is rich in historic associations. See Route 5. 
27.8 Reverse, turning left on Elmwood Ave., and immediately right onto 54th St. 
28.2 Woodland Ave.; turn right. | 
29.3 Entrance to Woodlands Cemetery. (Make a detour into the cemetery to inspect.) 
The Woodlands.—This once luxurious mansion, built in 1770, was the country-seat of William 
Hamilton, grandson of the lawyer builder of Independence Hall. It was famous for its rare plants 
gathered from all parts of the world. Here are buried Frank R. Stockton, Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, 
_ and other celebrities. See Route 10. 
29.6 Main entrance to cemetery. 
29.7 Hamilton Walk, University of Pennsylvania. Dormitories on right. 
29.9 36th St.; turn right. Wharton School, on left; Wistar Institute, on right. 
30.0 Spruce St.; turn left. Continue through Gate facing 36th St. to visit the University 


281 


The George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour—32.0 m. 





MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND ART—UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 


Here is the home of the celebrated Babylonian collection. The present buildings are only part of a 
great architectural plan to take years for its complete development. Compare the recent additions not 


shown 


Mileage 


30.2 


30.2 


30.4 


30.5 


30.6 


31.0 
31.7 


31.8 
31.9 
32.0 


in this illustration. 


Medical School, the first Medical School in America, founded in 1765. See Route 17. 
On Spruce St., left, is Houston Hall, students’ club house. 30.1 University Hospital. 
33rd and Spruce Sts.; turn left. 

University Museum.—Founded in 1889, this most beautiful building on the campus contains inval- 


uable collections in the fields of archeology, ethnology, and art, all open to the public. Here is the 
famous Babylonian Collection. 


Franklin Field.—Dedicated to foot-ball and field sports; recently enlarged to accommodate 55,000; 
further enlargements planned to accommodate 100,000. 
33rd and Spruce Sts. Continue on Spruce St., one block, to visit 


The Commercial Museum.—Founded at the close of the Chicago Exposition in 1894, this pioneer 
commercial museum of the United States in its permanent collection embraces exhibits from the 
Philippine Islands, Africa, China, India, Mexico, and the Latin-American countries. The four 
permanent buildings of the museum constitute a great permanent international trade exposition. A 
Foreign Trade Bureau, a Library of Commerce and Travel, and an Educational Division for lectures 
and the free distribution to schools of illustrative material for geographic and commercial instruction 
are among the chief activities of the Museum. 

Chestnut St.; turn right. One block west, at 34th and Chestnut Sts., is the Law School, 

University of Pennsylvania, the first*Law School in the United States, founded in 1790. 

See Route 18. 
Drexel Institute (32nd and Chestnut Sts.).—Founded in 1891 by the banker Anthony J. Drexel 
for day and evening instruction in engineering, business administration, home economics, and 
library science. Features of the Institute are the Lankenau art collection, the museum, and a 
library containing the George W. Childs’ collection of manuscripts—the priceless treasures of which 
are the original manuscript of Poe’s ‘‘Murders in the Rue Morgue,”’ and the original manuscript 
of Dickens’ ‘‘Our Mutual Friend.” 

On left, Job T. Pugh, Auger-maker. Founded in 1774, this centenary firm takes pride 

in the fact that the holes in the yoke of the old Liberty Bell were bored with a Pugh bit. 

Baltimore & Ohio R.R. Station, 24th and Chestnut Sts. 

16th St.; turn left. Down Chestnut St. is a canyon of office buildings, conspicuous 

among which is, on the right, the Franklin Trust Company Building, 15th and Chestnut, 

southwest corner; on the southeast corner, the Packard Building, occupied by the 

Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives and Granting Annuities, founded in 1811. 

On the left side of Chestnut St., at 15th, is the Pennsylvania Building. At Nos. 1510-12 

Chestnut Street is the CORN EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK: Central City Office. 

Conspicuous over the elevated tracks of the Pennsylvania R.R., at 16th St., is the new 

home, located on the Parkway, of the Insurance Company of North America, founded 

mel 792, 

Market St.‘ turn right. 

Broad Street Station—Pennsylvania Railroad, on left. 

CITY HALL, Philadelphia. 


282 





TWELVE GREAT HIGHWAY ROUTES 


TO AND FROM PHILADELPHIA 


PHILADELPHIA 
PHILADELPHIA 
PHILADELPHIA 
PHILADELPHIA 
PHILADELPHIA 
PHILADELPHIA 
PHILADELPHIA 
(Heat eee Ta 
PHILADELPHIA 
PHILADELPHIA 
PHILADELPHIA 


PHILADELPHIA 


AND 


AND 


AND 


AND 


AND 


AND 


AND 


AND 


AND 


AND 


AND 


AND 


THE 


THE 


THE 


THE 


THE 


THE 


THE 


THE 


THE 


THE 


THE 


THE 


West, vis Pao. 

West, viA VALLEY ForRGE . 
West, viA NorRISTOWN 
SoutH, viA WILMINGTON 
SOUTH, VIA KENNETT SQUARE 
SoutuH, viA West CHESTER 


Nortu, viA AMBLER 


NorTH, via DoyYLESTOWN 





Nortu, via New Hope 





Nortu, via SoutH LANGHORNE 





Nortu, via BRISTOL 





NortH, viA CAMDEN . 





Route I 


Route IT 


Route ITI 


Route IV 


Route V 


Route VI 


Route VIT 


Route VIIT 


Route 1X 


Route X 


Route XI 


Route XII 





These Routes have been planned especially to show the numerous places of historic 
or civic interest to be seen in approaching or leaving Philadelphia by any one of its leading 


highways. 


Directions are complete for a radius of some twenty-five miles from the city. 


Tourists bound to or from more distant places listed in the text will need the usual guides 
for detailed directions. 


See Map on page 319. 


Route I—Philadelphia and the West, via Paoli 


Lancaster Pike, an important and historic section of the Lincoln Highway to and from Pittsburgh, is 


the shortest route into Philadelphia from Harrisburg (99.6 m.). 


The old Lancaster Road dates to 1687, the 


Lancaster Turnpike began in 1791, and the last toll-house disappeared in 1917. Gateway to the West, 


this highway is rich in memories of the days of the pack-horse, the stage-coach, and the Conestoga. 


The 


Pennsylvania Railroad, first railroad to the West, was opened in 1834, and parallels the pike for most of its 
length. To travel over this road is to travel over the ‘Main Line.’’ Route I includes points of interest and 


the chief detours between Philadelphia and Malvern. 


General Warren Tavern, 1745.—Rebuilt in 1831. 
Here Major Andre stopped with the force that made 
the attack at Paoli on the night of September 20, 1777. 

Detour to Site of the Paoli Massacre.—Leave Lan- 
caster Pike at Bridge Street, Malvern, 0.0. Up steep 
grade to 0.2, King St., turn right. Warren Ave. 0.3, 
turn left. Monument Ave. 0.4, turn right. At 0.8 
turn left on Park drive to old and new monuments 
0.9; commemorating the disaster which overtook 
General ‘‘Mad Anthony’? Wayne’s men at this spot 
the night of September 20, 1777, when a British force 
surprised the exhausted Continentals. Reverse on 
Park drive to Lancaster Pike 1.8. Re-set mileage. 

Site of the General Paoli Inn.—A description of 
pioneers on their way to the West, left by a traveler 
who stopped at the General Paoli Inn in 1805, says 
of a family journeying to Ohio: ‘‘The men wore a 
plain jacket and trowsers, with very large shallow 
crowned hats, and the women had their hair plaited 
in long braids, which hung down their backs, with 
jackets and petticoats just the reverse of the fashion 
of the present day. Altogether they had the appear- 
ance of a stout, hardy race, and in the company, I 
understood there were four generations. The master 
of the inn informed me that he had every reason to 
believe they had a very large property with them, in 
the wagon in which they traveled.”” Another trav- 


eler, writing in the same year, was not so flattering 
in his opinion of the west-bound pioneer. He stopped 
at a ‘‘miserable log-house” inn, and found it ‘‘filled 
with emigrants who were in their passage to the Ohio, 
and a more painful picture of human calamity was 








GENERAL WARREN TAVERN, MALVERN 


seldom beheld: old men embarking in distant, ardu- 
ous undertakings, which they could never live to see 
realized; their children going to a climate destructive 
to youth; and the wives and mothers partaking of all 
their sufferings, to become victims in their turn to the 
general calamity.” Out of such material grew “the 
sweet clay from the breast of the unexhausted West,” 
as Lowell said afterwards. 

Detour to St. David’s Church.—On the way to 
Philadelphia, leave Lancaster Pike at Waterloo Road, 
0.0, turning right. Under R. R. at Devon Station 0.2. 
At 0.5 turn left, passing Devon Inn on right. At 0.6 
turn right. After passing Cadwalader estate on left, 
cross West Wayne Ave. at 1.8. Lower gate 2.1, turn 
right. Stop at Lych Gate. St. David’s, Radnor, 1715, 
is the historic stronghold of wealthy land-proprietors 
on the Main Line. The Welsh builders of the church 
looked up to bare rafters and stood on bare ground. 
The woodwork of the present gray stone structure 
came from the tree under which the original Welsh 
services were held. The little church among its 
graves is what Longfellow called it—‘‘An image of 
peace and rest;’’ and over it the ivy still climbs and 
expands. Behind the church is the grave of General 
“Mad Anthony” Wayne (1745-1796). A monument 
was erected in 1809 by the Pennsylvania State Society 
of the Cincinnati. The oldest tomb (Edward Hughes, 
1716) is made of stone brought from Wales. In the 
church, over the door, is a stone cross brought from 
the original St. David’s in Wales. Continue from 
Lych Gate, turning immediately right, through stable 
yard into church yard; left, right, and then at 2.3 
left onto Valley Forge Road. At 2.4 West Wayne 
Ave., turn right. 3-corners, turn left. Turn sharp 
right 2.6. Under R. R. 3.2. At3.9 tara iertven es 
Conestoga Road. Lancaster Pike 4.3, turn right. 
Re-set mileage at 6.0. 


Philadelphia and the West, via Paoli 


Route I—Harrisburg to Philadelphia 


(via Lancaster and Paoli) 


Mileage 
0.0 Harrisburg, at the Capitol. Harrisburg be- 
came the capital of Pennsylvania in 1812. 
36.0 Lancaster; the capital from 1799 to 1812. 
62.1 Coatesville; Downingtown, 68.2. 


78.8 


79.4 


4.6 
6.0 


6.7 
7.9 


9.1 
10.2 


10.7 
11.1 
11.4 
11.6 
12:2 
12.4 
14.4 


14.8 
15.2 
15.9 
16.5 
17.1 


18.9 
19.0 


19.4 


19.6 
20.2 


After turning under R. R., pass on right Gen- 
eral Warren Tavern, 1745. 

Malvern, at Bridge St. (Right on Bridge St. 
for Detour to Site of Paoli Massacre.) 





Malvern, at Bridge St. 

Green Tree; right under R. R., and then left. 

Paoli Bank, on left, adjoining Site of General 
Paoli Inn. 

Paoli; Post Office on right. (Right on Darby 
Road for Detour to Waynesborough. ) 

Tredyffrin Country Club, on right. On left, 
Route II diverges at this point for Philadel- 
phia via Valley Forge. 

Berwyn. Station on left. 

Left under R. R.; immediately right. 

Cross Waterloo Road, north side, on left; the 
usual road to Valley Forge in coming from 
Philadelphia. Ye Old Log Cabin, in use by 
the adjoining garage, dates to 1732. 

Waterloo Road, south side; road does not reg- 
ister (Right on Waterloo Road for Detour 
to St. David’s, Radnor). 

Conestoga Road and Lancaster Pike. Before 
turning right, stop or turn back on Lancas- 
ter Pike for a view of Spread Eagle Inn. 

Wayne. On right, Wayne Title and Trust Co. 

Radnor Memorial, dedicated to the Men and 
Women of Radnor Township who served in 
the World War. 

Villa Nova College on left. 

Bryn Mawr, Roberts Road (Left for Detour 
to Bryn Mawr College). 

Elliot Road and Lancaster Pike. 

Old Buck Tavern (1735); now a dwelling. 

Haverford Grammar School, right. 

Haverford. 11.8 Haverford College Gate. 

Old Red Lion Inn, on right; used for offices. 

Ardmore. Station on left. 

Seminary, St. Charles Borromeo, left; seen 
across Montgomery Ave. 

Cross City Line Avenue, passing out of Mont- 
gomery County into Philadelphia. 

Cross 63d St., Overbrook, keeping on Lancas- 
ter Ave. 

New Overbrook Senior High School. 

Cross 52d St., joining trolley. 

Old Cathedral Cemetery, on right. 

State Armory, 33d and Lancaster Ave. 

Bear left into Market St. at 32d, West Phila- 
delphia Station, Pennsylvania Railroad. On 
right, Woodland Ave., the oldest highway in 
Pennsylvania. 

Cross bridge over the Schuylkill River at 
Market St. 

Marble Obelisk, on left, near 23d St. 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


85 


Route Ir—Philadelphia to Harrisburg 


Mileage 

0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, west side. Go 
west on Market St. 

0.7 23d St. On right, Marble Obelisk. 

0.8 Cross bridge over the Schuylkill River at 
Market St. 

1.2 32d and Market Sts., West Philadelphia Sta- 
tion, Pennsylvania Railroad. On left, Wood- 
land Ave., oldest highway in Pennsylvania. 

1.2 5-corners; right with trolley on Lancaster Ave. 

1.3 33d and Lancaster, State Armory. 

3.1 Old Cathedral Cemetery, on left. 

3.8 Cross 52d St.; bear right at fork just beyond, 
leaving trolley. 

4.4 New Overbrook Senior High School. 

5.0 Cross 63d St., Overbrook; straight through on 
Lancaster Pike (Lincoln Highway). 

5.4 City Line Ave.; pass into Montgomery County. 

5.6 Seminary, St. Charles Borromeo, right; seen 
across Montgomery Pike. From this point, 
numerous beautiful suburban homes. 

7.9 Ardmore. Station on right. 

8.1 Old Red Lion Inn; used for offices by Autocar 
Company. 

8.4 Haverford College Gate. 

8.6 Haverford. Station on right. 

8.8 Haverford Grammar School, left. 

9.1 Old Buck Tavern (1735); now a modern dwell- 
ing. 

9.5 Bryn Mawr, Elliot Road (Right for Detour 
to Bryn Mawr College). 

10.0 Roberts Road, Bryn Mawr. 

11.1 Villa Nova College, on right. 

11.5 Under R.R. 12.3 Radnor Memorial. 

13.5 Wayne. On left, Wayne Title and Trust Co. 

14.2 Old Conestoga Road; the original Old Lancas- 
ter Road. Immediately ahead, on right, 
Spread Eagle Inn (Sharp left on Conestoga 
Road for Detour to St. David’s, Radnor). 

15.6 Lancaster Pike at Waterloo Road, south side 
(road does not régister). 

15.7 Cross Waterloo Road, north side; right is 
Devon road to Valley Forge. Ye Old Log 
Cabin, 1732. 

16.1 Sharp curve left under R. R., and immediately 
right up hill. 

16.5 Berwyn. Station on right. 

18.4 Tredyffrin Country Club, on left. On right, 
Paoli road to Valley Forge (Left for Detour 
to Waynesborough). 

18.7. Paoli. Post Office on left. 

18.8 Paoli Bank, on right, adjoining site of General 
Paoli Inn. 

19.8 Green Tree; turn right under R. R., then left. 

20.2 Malvern, at Bridge St. (Left on Bridge St. for 
Detour to Site of Paoli Massacre). 

20.8 Pass on left, before turning under R. R., Gen- 
eral Warren Tavern, 1745. 

37.5 Coatesville. 

63.6 Lancaster, Penn Square, King and Queen Sts. 

99.6 Harrisburg. 


(via Paoli and Lancaster) 





Route 1—Philadelphia and the West, via Paoli 


Detour to St. David’s Church.—On the way from 
Philadelphia, leave Lancaster Pike at Conestoga 
Road; 0.0; turning sharp left. At 0.4, turn right. 
Under R.R., 1.1. At 1.7 turn sharp left. At 3-cor- 
ners, turn right. At 1.9 turn left. Lower Gate 2.2, 
turn right. Stop at Lych Gate, St. David’s Church, 
Radnor. Continue from Lych Gate, turning imme- 
diately right, through stable yard, into church yard; 
left, right, and then left at 2.4 onto Valley Forge 
Road. At 2.5 cross West Wayne Ave., passing shortly 
on right Cadwalader estate. At 3.7 turn left, passing 
Devon Inn, on left. Waterloo Road 3.8, turn right. 
Under R. R. at Devon Station 4.1. Lancaster Pike 
4.3, turn left. Re-set mileage at Lancaster Pike at 
Waterloo Road, 15.6. 


Spread Eagle Inn.—The original ‘‘Spread Eagle”’ 
and the stage-coach traveler have been preserved by 
Isaac Weld in an old print included in “Travels 
Through the States of North America,” 1800. An 
old account book, under date of November 6, 1806, 
says, ‘‘Snack at Eagle,’”’ 87 cents; showing increase 
in the cost of living, for another traveler on this road 
says of earlier days: ‘‘As to the expense, it seldom 
varies, being a quarter of a dollar for lodging, the 
same sum for every meal, and half a dollar a night 
for a horse.” 


Villa Nova College—Founded in 1842, by the 
Augustinian Fathers of the Roman Catholic Church, 
and named for St. Thomas of Villa Nova, Bishop of 
Valencia. The college was chartered by the Legis- 
lature in 1849. 


Detour to Bryn Mawr College.—On the way to 
Philadelphia, leave Lancaster Pike at Roberts Road, 
Bryn Mawr, 0.0; turning left. Montgomery Ave. 0.1. 
Gulph Road 0.7, turn right. Lower Merion Baptist 
Church, on left. On right, Bryn Mawr College 
buildings. At 1.0 College Gate, turn right into col- 
lege grounds. Straight through; and then left, pass- 
ing Taylor Hall, left. Bryn Mawr College, founded 
in 1880, and first opened in 1885, notable pioneer col- 
lege for women, occupies fifty-two acres, covered with 
beautiful trees, lawns, and buildings. Pass out 1.1 
through tower gate of Pembroke Hall; turn right. 
Yarrow St. 1.2, turn left. Shipley School for Girls, 
on right. Morris Road 1.4, turn right. Old Bryn 
Mawr Inn, now the Baldwin School for Girls, on left. 
At 1.5, just short of station, turn left and imme- 
diately right under R.R. At 1.6 straight through to 
Lancaster Pike 1.6; turn left. Re-set mileage at 
Elliot Road and Lancaster Pike, 10.7. 


Detour to Bryn Mawr College.—On the way from 
Philadelphia, leave Lancaster Pike at Elliot Road, 
Bryn Mawr, 0.0; turning right. Under R. R. 0.1, 
then left, and immediately right onto Morris Road. 
Old Bryn Mawr Hotel, now Baldwin School for Girls, 
on right. Yarrow St., 0.2, turn left; Shipley School 
' for Girls, on left. At 0.4 turn right. Entrance Gate, 
Pembroke Hall 0.5, turn left into Bryn Mawr College. 
Pass Taylor Hall on right, and turn right, passing 
through gate out of college grounds onto Old Gulph 
Road at 0.6, turning left. On right, Lower 
Merion Baptist Church. Roberts Road 0.9, turn 


286 


left. Under R. R. to 1.6, Lancaster Pike; turn right. 
Re-set mileage at 10.0. 


Harriton Farms.—Following either detour to Bryn 
Mawr College to Roberts Road and Old Gulph Road, 
turn left (at 0.0), or continue (at 0.9) to (0.1) private 
road, on right; turn right up long lane for Harriton, 
built in 1702 by Rowland Ellis, the Welsh founder 
of Bryn Mawr. Here lived in his closing years 
Charles Thomson, first Secretary of Congress. 


Old Buck Tavern (1735).—In a letter dated ‘‘ Buck 
Tavern, Lancaster Road, September 15, 1777, 3 
p. m.,’’ Washington wrote to the President of Con- 
gress: ‘Our situation at this time is critical and dan- 
gerous, and nothing should be done to add to its em- 
barrassment. We are now ‘most probably on the 
point of another battle, and to derange the army by 
withdrawing so many general officers from it, may 
and must be attended with many disagreeable, if not 
ruinous, consequences.” 


Haverford College.—Founded in 1833 by the So- 
ciety of Friends, as a school of collegiate grade, it was 
incorporated as a college in 1856. It is limited in 
numbers to carefully selected students (less than 300), 
but there are no denominational distinctions. It con- 
serves many of the traditions of the small English 
college, including cricket and Rugby foot-ball. 


New Overbrook Senior High School.—Philadelphia 
has 11 Senior High Schools, 11 Junior High Schools, 
and one combined High School, widely distributed 
throughout the city, with a total enrollment of 30,131 
senior and 21,215 junior pupils. The Central High 
School, established in 1836, was the first public high 
school in the country outside of New England. The 
new Overbrook High School is being constructed at 
a cost of over two million dollars. 


Schuylkill River at Market Street—From the float- 
ing bridge across the river at this point John Fitch, 
in 1785, ran his first experimental steamboat, with 
twenty passengers, down the river to the boat’s des- 
tination at Gray’s Ferry. This spot in Philadelphia 
is the birthplace of all modern steam navigation— 
inland, coastwise, and ocean line. See Route 14. 


Marble Obelisk.—The weather-worn stone on 
Market Street near Twenty-third commemorates the 
first permanent bridge across the Schuylkill, opened 
in January, 1805. It was the first covered bridge in 
America, succeeding a floating bridge and the original 
ferry boats. One of the now obliterated inscriptions 
boasted that no pier of regular masonry into as great 
a depth of water was known to exist in any other 
part of the world. The cornerstone of the old bridge 
contained this” puzzling imscriptionsss bea Oumar 
O. T.S. P. B.W. L. Oct XVITE SAG Gee 
stone mason explained it: ‘‘This first cornerstone of 
the Schuylkill Permanent Bridge was laid October 
18th, 1800.”" Twitted as to how subsequent gener- 
ations would be able to interpret this runic riddle, the 
stone-carver replied: ‘‘ Why, sir, by the time they will 
dig up that stone the people will be much more larned 
than you and I be.” The city of Philadelphia’s entire 
income in 1770 was eight hundred pounds, and two 
hundred of these came from the Market Street ferry. 





OVER-HANGING ROCK, OLD GULPH ROAD—ON THE WAY TO VALLEY FORGE 


Route II—Philadelphia and the West, via Valley Forge 


By this alternative to Route I the tourist may diverge from the Lancaster Pike at Paoli and visit Valley 


Forge on his way to Philadelphia. 


detours to the site of the Paoli Massacre and to the birthplace of General Anthony Wayne. 
College detour may also be included by beginning and ending it at Montgomery Avenue. 


West of Paoli the route is identical with Route I, offering opportunity for 


The Bryn Mawr 
The chief feature 


of this highway route into Philadelphia is the complete circuit of Valley Forge Park. For the details regarding 


Valley Forge, see Route 9. 





WAYNESBOROUGH—BIRTHPLACE OF GENERAL ANTHONY WAYNE 


Built in 1724 by the grandfather of the great Revolutionary soldier, on Sugartown Road, near Paoli, 
stands this well-preserved colonial mansion, still occupied by a descendant of the builder. 


Detour to Waynesborough.—On the way to Phila- 
delphia, leave Lancaster Pike 0.0, turning right on 
Darby Road, immediately beyond the Post Office at 
Paoli. At 0.4 keep left. At tree in fork 0.8, turn 
right. At 1.0 Sugartown Road, turn right. On 
right, at 1.3, Birthplace of General Anthony Wayne. 
Waynesborough was built in 1724 by the grandfather 
of the great Revolutionary soldier, born here in 1745. 
On the ground floor is a room in which pictures and 
antique furnishings are preserved exactly as they 
were when ‘‘Mad Anthony” last saw them. The 
property is owned by a descendant, W. M. Wayne. 
General Wayne became Commander-in-Chief of the 
United States Army (1792-1796); a tablet on the 
front wall of the house records his distinguished 


services at Brandywine, Germantown, Valley Forge, 
Monmouth, Stony Point, and Yorktown, as well 
as his success in subduing the Indians in Ohio. 
Reverse on Sugartown Road to 1.5 Darby Road, turn 
left. Straight through to Lancaster Pike 1.7; turn 
right. Re-set mileage at 1.8. 

Detour to Waynesborough.—On the way from 
Philadelphia, leave Lancaster Pike at (18.4) Tredyf- 
frin Country Club, 0.0; turning left. At 0.1 straight 
through. Sugartown Road 0.2, turn right. On right 
at 0.5, Birthplace of General Anthony Wayne. Re- 
verse on Sugartown Road to 0.7 Darby Road; turn 
left. At tree in fork 0.9 turn left. Keep right at 1.3. 
Lancaster Pike 1.7, turn left. Re-set mileage at 
Paoli Post Office, 18.7. 


288 


Route [1—Philadelphia and the West, via Valley Forge 


Route IJ—Harrisburg to Philadelphia 


(via Lancaster, Paoli, and Valley Forge) 


Mileage 
0.0 Harrisburg, at the Capitol. 
36.0 Lancaster, Penn Square, King and Queen Sts. 
62.1 Coatesville; Downingtown, 68.2 
78.8 General Warren Tavern, 1745. 


79.4 
0.0 
0.4 
1.4 
1:5 
1.8 
1.9 
2.4 
29 
3h 
ze) 
3.8 


5.0 
5.3 


6.1 


6.5 


Malvern, at Bridge St. (Right on Bridge St. 
for Detour to Site of the Paoli Massacre). 





Malvern, at Bridge St. 

Green Tree; turn right under R. R. and then 
left. 

Paoli Bank, on left, adjoining site of the Gen- 
eral Paoli Inn. 

Paoli; Post Office on right (Right on Darby 
Road for Detour to Waynesborough). 

Turn left, passing under R. R., for Philadelphia 
via Valley Forge; Tredyffrin Country Club, 
on right. 

Fork; left. 

Sharp curve right. Beautiful views on left. 

Cross bridge over R. R. 

Straight through up hill. 

Quarry on left. 

Sharp curve left over R. R. bridge, and imme- 
diately right. 

Dead end, New Centreville; turn left. 

Equestrian Statue of General Wayne and 
National Memorial in view on right. 

3-corners; straight through, turning right up 
steep grade to 

Fort Washington, Valley Forge, on left. The 
remainder of this route is identical with the 
corresponding part of Route 9-A Pilgrimage 
to Valley Forge. Re-set mileage at 20.6, fol- 
lowing Route 9 from this point to 52.9. 


38.8 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


VALLEY CREEK ROAD, VALLEY FORGE 





289 


Route I[rn—Philadelphia to Harrisburg 


Mileage 
0.0 


32.3 


33.8 
35.0 


35.7 
36.3 
36.4 
37.0 


37.3 
37.4 


38.4 
38.8 


39.4 
56.1 


82.2 
118.2 


(via Valley Forge, Paoli, and Lancaster) 


PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. 
south on Broad St. 

Walnut St.; turn right. 

End of street; turn right on 63rd St. 

Cross Malvern Ave.; on left, towers of Over- 
brook School for the Blind. 

Overbrook, 4-corners; left on Lancaster Ave. 

City Line Avenue; turn right. 

Left, Episcopal Academy. See Route 16. 

Old Lancaster Road; turn left. 

On left, St. Charles Borromeo. 

General Wayne Hotel, established 1704. 

Old Merion Meeting House (1695). 

Lower Merion Junior High School. At 11.0 
Lower Merion Township High School. 

Haverford. Merion Cricket Club, on right. 

Baldwin School for Girls, on right (Right 
on Morris Road for Detour to Bryn Mawr 
College). 

Roberts Road, Bryn Mawr. 

On left, Inscribed Boulder at Gulph Mills. 

Overhanging Rock. 

Under R. R. Gulph Mills Station. 

Turn left across bridge over electric R. R. 

King of Prussia Inn, 1769, on left; turn right. 

On left Commissary General’s Headquarters. 

Valley Forge, New Park Road; turn left. 

National Memorial. 

Pennsylvania Memorial. 

Equestrian Statue of General Anthony Wayne. 

On right, statue of General von Steuben. 

Fort Washington, on left. The remainder of 
the trip through Valley Forge Park is iden- 
tical with corresponding part of Route 9-A 
Pilgrimage to Valley Forge. Re-set mileage 
at 20.6, following Route 9 from this point 
to 28.6, Fort Washington on right. Re-set 
mileage at 32.3. 

Fort Washington, on right. Straight through 
down steep grade onto Waterloo Road. 

New Centreville; turn right. 

Turn left, and immediately over R. R. bridge, 
sharp curve right. 

Down hill straight through. 

Cross bridge over R. R. 

Sharp curve left. 36.9 Keep right. 

Lancaster Pike at Tredyffrin Country Club; 
turn right (Straight through for Detour 
to Waynesborough). 

Paoli. Post Office on left. 

Paoli Bank on right, adjoining site of the 
General Paoli Inn. 

Green Tree; right under R. R., and then left. 

Malvern, at Bridge St. (Left on Bridge St. 
for Detour to Site of the Paoli Massacre). 

General Warren Tavern, 1745. 


Go 





Coatesville. 
Lancaster, Penn Square, King and Queen Sts 
Harrisburg. 


Route II1I—Philadelphia and the West, via Norristown 


An alternative route from Harrisburg to Philadelphia via Reading. The usual route from Reading to 
Philadelphia (via Chestnut Hill) is modified at Barren Hill by continuing on the old Ridge Road through Rox- 
borough; the Ridge Road route is modified at Wissahickon by diverging to the East River Drive, Fairmount 


Park—the most beautiful approach of all to the heart of Philadelphia. 


The Ridge Road was opened first as 


an outlet for the limekilns built along the Schuylkill River, and was finally developed for its full length to 


supplement the Germantown Turnpike. 


Not to be missed on this route are the Old Lutheran Church at 


Trappe, the early home of Audubon near Jeffersonville, and the Angel House at Harmonville. 


Trappe Lutheran Church, 1743.—The oldest unal- 
tered Lutheran Church in America. Here les the 
Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, and by him his 
famous preacher-soldier son General John Peter 
Gabriel Muhlenberg, ever remembered for his cele- 
brated—“ There is a time to preach and a time to 
fight.” The interior should not be missed. 

Detour to Evansburg.—St. James Episcopal Church, 
founded in 1700, is one-half mile from the Ridge Road, 
on the Germantown Pike, down which Washington 
marched to the Battle of Germantown. In the old 
graveyard ‘‘one hundred heroes lie buried.” 

Detour to Mill Grove and Fatlands.—Leaving the 
Ridge Road at Jeffersonville, turn southwest on diag- 
onal road to Audubon. Shrack’s corner, fork, 1.2; 
straight through. At 2.8 turn left; Audubon Inn, 
ahead on right. Mill Grove Road 3.2, turn right. 
Mill Grove, the early home of Audubon, 3.6. Re- 
verse to 4.0, turning right. At 4.5 turn left into 
Fatlands, rebuilt by William Wetherill in 1843. 
Continue on driveway to other entrance 4.8, turn- 
ing right. At 5.5 (Audubon Inn) turn right. Ridge 
Road at Jeffersonville, 8.4. 

Home of Audubon.—Mill Grove, built in 1762, 
was the early home of John James Audubon, born in 
Louisiana in 1780, the son of a French Commodore. 
Here Audubon, according to his own account, used 
to hunt in black satin breeches, wear pumps when 
shooting, and dress in the finest ruffled shirts he 
could obtain from France. Here he began the 
studies in bird life that ended in what Cuvier called 
“the most magnificent work that art ever raised to 
ornithology.’’ Audubon sold the house in 1808 to 
begin his wanderings through the West and the 
South. In 1813, the property was bought for its lead 
mines by Samuel Wetherill, founder of the firm of 
Samuel Wetherill & Sons, one of the oldest white lead 
manufacturers in America. 





1743 


TRAPPE LUTHERAN CHURCH, 





MILL GROVE—EARLY HOME. OF AUDUBON 


Fatlands on the Schuylkill.—Built in 1774, this 
beautiful mansion was occupied by William Bake- 
well, one of the sheriffs of London, who ‘‘emigrated”’ 
to the United States in 1804. Here the young nat- 
uralist Audubon found his wife in Lucy Bakewell, 
the daughter of the house, in days when life as well 
as love was filled with romance. The house, which 
looks across the Schuylkill to Valley Forge, was 
built by a Quaker, James Vaux, who was so friendly 
with both sides during the Revolution that one day 
he had Howe to breakfast and Washington to tea. 
The Wetherill family bought the estate in 1825. 

Montgomery Cemetery.—Here are buried five 
generals, three colonels, and over one hundred offi- 
cers and soldiers of the Civil War. The mausoleum 
of General Winfield Scott Hancock stands not far from 
his early boyhood home, seen on the left, before 
entering the Cemetery. The monument to Gen- 
eral John F. Hartranft was erected by the National 
Guard of Pennsylvania. 

Porter Mansion, Norristown.—Built in 1787 by the 
Revolutionary soldier General Andrew Porter, one of 
whose sons became Governor of Pennsylvania, another 
Governor of Michigan, and a third Secretary of War, 
under President Tyler. 

Norristown.—The Public Park and Court House 
Square were given to Montgomery County and Nor- 
ristown in 1786 by the University of Pennsylvania. 
At the west corner is a monument to David Ritten- 
house, whose country home was at Norriton. The 
Rambo House, formerly the Eagle Tavern, on the 
west side of Swede Street, has been a public house 
since 1790. 

Detour to Angel House, Harmonville.—The house 
is 0.4 miles from Ridge Road, on the left. See pp. 
132 and 136, for illustration and details. From the 
old Potts quarry, located behind the Angel House, 
came the stone used in building Independence Hall. 


290 


0.0 


Route I1I—Philadelphia and the West, via Norristown 


Route [1I—Harrisburg to Philadelphia 


(wia Reading and Norristown) 


Harrisburg. Rear of Capitol, 6th and State 
Sts. Reading, Penn and 5th Sts., 53.1; 
town, 70.1; Limerick, 77.1. 





Limerick. 

Trappe. Augustus Lutheran Church, 1743. 

Collegeville. Ursinus College, a pioneer co- 
educational institution, founded 1869. 

Right, with trolley. 5.0 Fork; right then left 
across Perkiomen bridge. 

Fork; bear right with trolley. 

(Left for Detour to Evansburg Church). 

Eagleville. View into seven counties. 

Eagleville Hotel, right. 

Mt. Kirk. Providence Presbyterian Church, 
1730. 

Jeffersonville. 4-corners; straight through 
(Right for Detour to Mill Grove and Fat- 
lands). 

Montgomery Cemetery, entrance. 

Forrest and Main Sts., Porter Mansion, left. 

Public Park and Court House Square, Norris- 
town. 12.4 Main and De Kalb Sts. 

Black Horse Hotel, left. 

Harmonville (Right for Detour to the Angel 
House). 

Fountain Inn Hotel (sic), Barren Hill. 

Marble Tent Monument, showing where 
Lafayette encamped from the 18th to the 
20th of May, 1778, and locating the encamp- 
ment of the Indian scouts under his com- 
mand at the Battle of Germantown. 

Roxborough Reservoir and Filtration Plant, on 
right. 

Old Lafayette Hotel. 

Old Roxborough Public School, 1846, on right. 

New Roxborough Senior and Junior High 
School. 

Roxborough Country Club, left. 

Old Three Tuns Inn. Date-stone: built 1731; 
re-built 1784; re-modeled 1907. 

Manayunk Ave. Keep with trolley; crossing 
tracks at Wissahickon Station, on left; down 
steep grade. 

Turn right into Fairmount Park (Left, en- 
trance to Wissahickon Glen and Drive). 

Keep left on the East River Drive; enchanting 
vistas of river scenery, ending in the archi- 
tectural splendors of the Parkway; the most 
beautiful approach to the heart of 
Philadelphia. 

Falls of Schuylkill, on left. 

Laurel Hill Cemetery. On left, pathway to 
graves of Elisha Kent Kane and Charles 
Thomson. See Route 11. 

Grant Monument, left. 

Memorial Hall, visible on right, across the river. 

Lincoln Monument. 

Washington Monument. Philadelphia Art 
Museum. 28.2 Turn right onto 23d St. 

Turn left onto The Parkway. 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


Route I]IR—Philadelphia to Harrisburg 


0.0 


(via Norristown and Reading) 


PHILADELPHIA, City Hall. 
on the Parkway. 

Bear right, around Logan Circle. 

23d St.; curve right around Philadelphia Art 
Museum. 

Pennsylvania Ave.; turn left. 

Washington Monument. 

Lincoln Monument. Fork; straight through 
on East River Drive. 

Grant Monument, right. 

Memorial Hall, visible on left, across river. 

Laurel Hill Cemetery, on right. Tomb of 
Elisha Kent Kane (on pathway); and 
grave of Charles Thomson. 

Falls of Schuylkill. 

Fork; bear right. 

Ridge Road; turn left (Right, under R. R. 
bridge, entrance to Wissahickon Glen and 
Drive). 

Fork; keep right up hill; immediately be- 
yond, right, across R. R. tracks. 

Cross Manayunk Ave.; left, with trolley. 

Cross Walnut Lane. 

Old Three Tuns Inn. 

Roxborough Country Club, right. 

New Roxborough Senior and Junior High 
School. 

Old Roxborough Public School, 1846, on left. 

Old Lafayette Hotel. 

Roxborough Reservoir and Filtration Plant, 
on left. 

Upper limit of Roxborough. 

Marble Tent Monument. 

Fountain Inn Hotel (sic), Barren Hill. 

Old Toll House, on left. 

Harmonville (Left for Detour to the Angel 
House). 

Black Horse Hotel, right. 

Main and De Kalb Streets, 
Straight through. 

Public Park and Court House Square. 

Forrest and Main Sts. Porter Mansion. 

Montgomery Cemetery, entrance. 

Jeffersonville. 4-corners, straight through. 
Colonial Tavern, 1766 (Left for Detour to 
Mill Grove and Fatlands). 

Mt. Kirk. Providence Presbyterian Church 
1730. 

Eagleville Hotel, left. 

Eagleville. View into seven counties. 
Penn at Reading visible on clear day. 
(Right for Detour to Evansburg Church). 

Cross bridge over Perkiomen Creek. 

Fork; keep left with trolley. 

Collegeville. Ursinus College, on right. 

Trappe. Augustus Lutheran Church. 


Limerick. 


Go northwest 


Norristown. 


Mt. 


1743. 





Pottstown, High and Hanover Sts. 

Reading, Penn and 5th Sts. 

Harrisburg. Rear of Capitol, 6th and State 
Sts. 


Route [V—Philadelphia and the South, via Wilmington 


Opened by the Swedes and the Indians, long before the days of Penn, the King’s Highway to and from 
Philadelphia through Chester and Wilmington, known once as the Darby Road, and now Woodland Avenue, 
is the oldest highway in Pennsylvania. The Swedish mansion and blockhouse (1654) at Naamans-on-the- 
Delaware, the Swedish churches at Wilmington (1698) and Kingsessing (1760), the Swedish log cabin on 
Darby Creek (1698), and the quaint Swedish town of Upland are all stirring places on this highway. Penn’s 
first landing place in Chester (1682), the Chester Court House (1745), and John Bartram’s home in the wilder- 
ness (1730), are vivid reminders of the English colonial period. Old road houses, like the Blue Bell at Cobb’s 
Creek and the Washington Inn at Chester, recall the days when Washington frequently went over this road 
to and from Mt. Vernon. Many modern features along the pike witness the progress of recent years. 





WASHINGTON INN AND CHESTER COURT HOUSE 


Wilmington’s New Civic Centre.—Surrounding a 
magnificent public square of exceptional beauty are 
the Court House and City Hall, flanked by the new 
Public Library (founded in 1788), and faced by the 
Hotel Du Pont, one of the finest hotels in America. 
Adjoining the Library, on Market St. below Ninth, 
is the museum of the Delaware Historical Society, 
housed in an old church building, where is preserved 
the heroic wooden statue of Washington, originally 
erected in Battery Park, New York, in 1796. 


Detour to Old Swedes’ Church, Wilmington.—At 
11th and King St., 0.0, go south on King St. to 7th 
St. 0.2, turning left. Church St. 0.7, turn right. At 
7th and Church Sts., Old Swedes’ Church, built in 
1698. Continue to 6th St., 0.8, right. King St. 1.3; 
right. At 11th and King Sts., 1.6, re-set mileage. 

Naamans-on-Delaware.—Beautifully situated at 
the corner of the Wilmington Pike and Concordville 
Road is the historic Robinson House, now an 
attractive tea-room. It and the adjoining Swedish 
Block House were built in 1654 by John Risingh, 
Swedish Lieutenant-Governor under Governor Printz. 


Chester.—The Penn Boulder marks the spot where 
William Penn first landed in America, October 28-29, 
1682. The Chester Court House, built in 1724, is the 
oldest building in continuous public service in the 
United States. The Washington House, in daily ser- 
vice since 1747, entertained Washington many times 
as he traveled to and from Mt. Vernon. The Monu- 


ment to John Morton commemorates the Signer of 
the Declaration of Independence who cast the decid- 
ing vote that placed Pennsylvania on the side of in- 
dependence—"the most glorious service that I ever 
rendered to my country.” 

Detour to Caleb Pusey House, Upland.—At Edg- 
mont Ave. and 9th St., Chester (0.0), continue (or 
turn right) on Edgmont Ave. Pass at 0.2 Alfred O. 
Deshong Memorial Art Gallery. Cross R. R. tracks 
0.3. At 14th St. 0.4, turn left (car barn on left). 
Crozer Home for Incurables 0.7, left. Keep left at 
1.3. Crozer Mill 1.6. Dead end 1.7, turn right, and 
then left. At 1.9 avoid left-hand road (bridge). At 
2.0 Caleb Pusey House (1683), with stone tablet in 
wall, recording visits of William Penn. Reverse to 
2.2, First St., turn right. View up quaint Main St., 
Upland. Immediately left on Upland Ave. At 2.6 
keep right. Fork 3.2, right. Edgmont Ave. 3.5, turn 
right. At 3.6 straight through on Edgmont Ave. to 


9th St., 3.9. Re-set mileage at 9th and Edgmont Ave. 


Detour to John Morton’s Birthplace, Darby Creek. 
—Leave Chester Pike at Lincoln Ave., Moores, 0.0, 
turning east. At 0.4 old Swedish log-cabin, built in 
1698, birthplace of John Morton. See Route 1. 

Detour to Bartram’s Garden.—Leave Woodland 
Ave. at 54th St. (on the way to Philadelphia, turning 
right) 0.0. Elmwood Ave. 0.3, turn left and imme- 
diately right across bridge to 0.4, John Bartram’s 
Home and Garden, 1731. See Routes 1 and 5. 





WHERE PENN FIRST LANDED IN CHESTER 


292 


0.0 


26.7 


Route 1V—Philadelphia and the South, via Wilmington 


Route IV—Baltimore to Philadelphia 


(via Wilmington and Chester) 


Baltimore. Mt. Vernon Place and Charles 
Street. Belair, 24.2; Havre de Grace, 41.1; 
Elkton, Md., 58.1; Newark, Del., 65.3; 
Wilmington, 3-corners; right on Penn- 
sylvania Ave., 77.2; right on Delaware 
Ave., joining trolley, 77.8; fork at Garfield 
Monument; turn left onto 11th St., 78.2, 
11th and King Sts., 78.6. 





Wilmington, 11th and King Sts. Go north- 
east on King St. (Right on King St. for 
Detour to Old Swedes’ Church). 

No. 1807 Market St., Tatnall Homestead, 
on left; dates to 1735. 

On left, Bellevue Hall, home of William 
DuPont. 

Claymont. 6.5 Left, estate of John Rascob. 

Naamans-on-Delaware. At junction of Con- 
cordville Road, Robinson House (1654), and 
Swedish Block House (1654). 

Cross State line into Pennsylvania. 

On right, Viscose Silk Mills. On left, working- 
man’s Model Village. 

Right and then left. 

Penn St.; turn right. 

Front and Penn Sts., Chester; Penn Boulder 
on left. Reverse on Penn St. to 

BC motemiuirm right. 

Welsh St. Morton Monument on right; Old 
St. Paul’s on left. Turn left. 

4th St.; turn left, and immediately right on 
Market St. Between 4th and 5th Sts., 
Chester Court House (1724), on left; 
Washington Inn (1747), on right. Pass 
under R. R. bearing right on Edgmont Ave. 

9th St.; turn right (For Detour to Caleb 
Pusey House, Upland, continue on Edg- 
mont Ave.). 

Madison Ave., St. Paul’s Church, right. 

Morton Ave.; turn left. 

Eddystone plant, Baldwin Locomotive Works. 

Lincoln Ave., Moores (Right for Detour to 
Birthplace of John Morton). 

On left, old White Horse Inn. 

Norwood. 18.7 Glenolden. 19.5 Sharon Hill. 

Turn right. 

Darby, 4-corners; turn right onto Main St. 

Cobb’s Creek Dam, 70th and Woodland Ave.; 
southwestern city limit. 

St. James Church, Kingsessing, 1760. 
Routes 1 and 4. 


See 


54th St. (Right for Detour to Bartram’s 
Garden). 
36th St.; turn left. On right, entrance to 


Woodlands Cemetery. See Route 10. 
Walnut St.; turn right. 


34th St. On right, Bennett Hall, University 
of Pennsylvania. 
23rd St.; turn left. Market ’St.; turn 
right. 


City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


293 


13. 
13. 
14. 
14. 
16. 
lyf 
18. 


19. 
19. 


20. 


23: 


26. 
26. 


26. 
Pgh x 
Paife 
ZiT 


28. 


105. 


Route [Vr—Philadelphia to Baltimore 


(via Chester and Wilmington) 


PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, south side. 
south on Broad St. 

Walnut St.; turn right. 

34th St.; straight through. On left, Bennett 
Hall, University of Pennsylvania. 

36th St.; turn left. 

Woodland Ave.; turn right. 
Woodlands Cemetery. 

54th St. (Left for Detour to Bartram’s 
Garden). 

On right, Cobb’s Creek Boulevard. 
Bell Tavern, 17066. 

Darby, 4-corners; 
Chester Pike. 

Sharon Hill. 8.0 Glenolden. 

Norwood. On right at 9.4, White Horse Inn. 

Lincoln Avenue, Moores (Left for Detour 
to Birthplace of John Morton). 

Baldwin Locomotive Works, Eddystone. 

9th St. and Morton Ave., Chester; 
right. 

Madison St., St. Paul’s Church, on left 
(Right for Detour to Upland). 

Edgmont Ave. at 9th St.; turn left. 

Fork; turn left onto Welsh St. 

East 3rd St.; turn right. Old St. Paul’s 
Church graveyard and Monument to 
John Morton. 

Market St.; turn right. Between 4th and 
Sth Sts., passing Chester Court House 
(1724), and the Washington House (1747). 

5th St.; turn left. 14.0 Penn St.; turn left. 

Front and Penn Sts.; on left, Penn Boulder. 
Reverse on Penn St. to 

Srdyotes turn Lert. 

Dead end; right and immediately left. 

Viscose Silk Mills, on left. On right, Model 
Village. 

Claymont, Delaware. 

Cross State Line into Delaware. 

Naamans-on-Delaware. At junction of Con- 
cordville Road, Robinson House (1654) 
and Swedish Block House (1654). 

On left, estate of John Rascob. 

On right, Bellevue Hall, home of Wiliam 
Dis Pent: 

No. 1807 Market St., Tatnall Homestead. 

Bridge over the Brandywine. Bear left on 
King St. 

11th and King Sts.; turn right for Baltimore 
(Continue on King St., for Detour to Old 
Swedes’ Church). 

Bear right onto Delaware Ave. 

Fork; bear left onto Pennsylvania Ave. 

Union Ave.; turn left. 


Go 


Entrance to 


Blue 


left. 6.1 Left onto 


turn 





Elsmere; Newark, Del. 40.0; Elkton, Md. 
47.2; Havre de Grace 63.6; Belair 81.0. 

Baltimore. Mt. Vernon Place and Charles 
Street. 


On the King’s Highway to the South 





ROBINSON HOUSE, NAAMANS-ON-DELAWARE—BUILT BY THE SWEDES, 1654 


At the right is the Block House built at the same time by John Risingh, the Swedish Lieutenant- 
Governor. 





OLD SWEDES’ CHURCH, WILMINGTON, 1698 CALEB PUSEY HOUSE, UPLAND, 1683 
At Seventh and Church Streets stands this picturesque In the quaint Swedish town on the, outskirts of Chester 
memorial of the early Swedish settlers on the Delaware. is found one of the earliest homes in Pennsylvania still 
Here are old portraits and other relics. in use. 


294 


On the King’s Highway to the North 








The Spring School House, now a dwelling, was built in 1768. At the right is the walled Quaker 
Meeting House, built at Waln and Unity Streets in 1775. 





CHALKLEY HALL—NEAR WHEAT SHEAF LANE STEPHEN DECATUR’S HOME, FRANKFORD 


Route V—Philadelphia and the South, via Kennett Square 





The Baltimore Pike is the favorite highway to and from Baltimore and Washington. Opened by a turn- 
pike company chartered in 1809, it was the second great road south. It is the direct route to the Brandywine 
battlefield. Leading from it are numerous detours of more than passing interest. Above all, it leads through 


quaint Kennett Square, birthplace of Bayard Taylor. 


Detour to Cedarcroft.—Leaving Kennett Square at 
State and Union Sts., turn west on State Street. 
Cedarcroft is exactly one mile out, and stands deep 
in the grounds, hidden by trees and shrubbery. 
See Route 23. 

Detour to “Longwood.”—To Philadelphia, turn 
left at 2.7; from Philadelphia, continue at 29.3. At 
0.1 fork, straight through; 0.5 fork, turn right. At 
0.7 Longwood Gardens, the beautiful Du Pont coun- 
try estate, open to visitors and widely celebrated for 
its beauty and marvellous collection of plants and 
flowers. Reverse to starting point. 

Detour to Brandywine Battlefield.—Baltimore Pike 
0.0. Chadd’s House; old stone house, high on right, 
0.2. Beautiful views and drive along Brandywine 
Creek. Turn right 2.7. Dillworth Road 4.0, turn 
right. A marker at this corner, put up by the Penna. 
Historical Commission and the Chester and Delaware 
County Historical Societies, records that the British 
attack upon the American right wing under Sullivan 
at the Battle of Brandywine began here, Sept. 11th, 
1777. At 4.3 turn left into the Lafayette Cemetery, 
with Monument to Lafayette, and another to Briga- 
dier General Count Casimir Pulaski (1747-1779), 
both erected by the grandson of a soldier who served 
under Wayne in the fight at this spot. A stone stile 
at the right leads into the wooded grounds of the 


Birmingham Meeting House (1763), used as a hos- , 


pital after the battle; almost hidden in its modest 
corner here is the Stone Tablet erected by the Brandy- 
wine Farmers Club in 1920. The original Meeting 
of cedar logs was built in 1721. Continue drive on 
cemetery path, curving right to graveyard gate, turn- 
ing right at 4.4 alongside of Meeting House. On left 
is the quaint Octagonal School, established in 1753 
under John Forsythe, who became the first headmaster 
of Westtown Boarding School (1799). At 4.5 turn 
right into Dillworth Road. A Tablet on the wall of 





LAFAYETTE’S HEADQUARTERS AT CHADD’S FORD 





BRANDYWINE MONUMENT TO LAFAYETTE 


the Meeting House marks the first line of defense of 
the American Army at the Battle of Brandywine. 
At 4.9 turn left, returning to Brandywine Creek. 
At 6.2 turn left along Brandywine Creek Drive. 
Baltimore Pike at Chadd’s Ford 8.8. Re-set speed- 
ometer at 24.8 or 7.1. 

Detour to Avondale, and Birthplace of Benjamin 
West.—On the way to Philadelphia, leave Baltimore 
Pike at Providence Road, Media, 0.0. turning right. 
Kate Furness Library, Wallingford, 0.8. Cross R. R. 
bridge and turn left 0.9. Dead end 1.2, turn right, 
and immediately left. At 2.1 turn right. At 2.2. 
straight through along Crum Creek. At 2.5 Avondale, 
built 1785, home of Thomas Leiper, pioneer experi- 
menter in railroading in America. See Route 21. 
Reverse to 2.8, passing under trolley bridge, and 
turning right across bridge over Crum Creek, 2.9. 
On right, Mary Lyon School for Girls. On left, 
Strathaven Inn. Chester Road, Swarthmore, 3.4, 
turn left. Swarthmore Preparatory School on left 
3.5. Cross R. R. tracks 3.7. At 3.9, left, birthplace 
of Benjamin West, on Swarthmore College Campus. 
See Route 15. Bear right at 4.3. Baltimore Pile 
4.6. Re-set mileage at 21.1. 

Detour to Birthplace of Benjamin West, and Avon- 
dale.—On the way from Philadelphia, leave Balti- 
more Pike at Chester Road, Swarthmore, 0.0, turning 
left. Reverse above trip. 


296 


Route V—Philadelphia and the South, via Kennett Square 


Route V—Baltimore to Philadelphia 
(via Kennett Square, Chadd’s Ford, and Media) 


Route Vr—Philadelphia to Baltimore 
(via Media, Chadd’s Ford, and Kennett Square) 








0.0 Baltimore, at Washington Monument. 0.0 Philadelphia, City Hall, south side. Go 
74.2 Kennett Square. south on Broad St. 
0.2 Walnut St.; turn right. 

0.0 Kennett Square, State and Union Sts. Bayard 1.7 34th St. and Woodland Ave.; straight 
Taylor’s birthplace (Left for Detour to through. Bennett Hall, on left. 
Cedarcroft). 3.0 West Philadelphia High School for Girls, 

0.6 Pass Barton Road, right. 2.5 3-corners; left. 47th and Walnut; West Philadelphia High 

2.6 Longwood Cemetery; Bayard Taylor’s grave. School for Boys, 48th and Walnut. 

2.7 Dead end; turn right (Left for Detour to 3.2 49th St.; turn left. 

“Longwood”). 3.8 Diagonally right onto Baltimore Ave. 

2.8 4-corners; through. 3.5 Avoid right fork. 5.3 City Limits. Straight through on Baltimore 

3.9 Kennett Square Meeting House. Stop. Pike. 

6.9 Cross Brandywine Creek at Chadd’s Ford. 10.9 Chester Road, Swarthmore (Diagonally left 

7.1 Chadd’s Ford (Left for Detour to Brandywine for Detour to Birthplace of Benjamin 
Battlefield). West, and Avondale). 

7.8 Washington’s Headquarters at the Battle of | 11.7 Cross Memorial Bridge over Crum Creek. 
Brandywine, left. 12.8 Washington St. and Providence Road, Media; 

8.1 Brandywine Baptist Church, 1715 straight through. On right, Media Hospi- 

8.2 Lafayette’s Headquarters, left. tal, formerly Old Providence Inn. 

10.9 Concordville; right fork leads to Concord 13.4 South Ave.; Delaware County Court House. 
Meeting House. 14.0 Cross bridge over Crum Creek. On rise, on 
15.9 Lima. Cross Roads; Old Pine Apple Inn, left, Tourist Camp. 
1737; now a dwelling. 14.1 Entrance to Elwyn (Penna. Training School 
16.8 Black Horse Inn, 1739, left. See Route VR at for Feeble-minded). 
1591 Sor detour. 15.1 Black Horse Inn, 1739; on right (Turn east 
17.8 Entrance to Elwyn. on Middletown Road for detour to Wi- 
17.9 Cross bridge over Crum Creek. Tourist Camp, liamson Free School of Mechanical Trades, 
18.3 Turn right uphill onto Washington St., Media. entrance at 0.7, right; and straight on to 
18.5 South Ave.; Delaware County Court House, 1.2, Old Middletown Presbyterian Church, 
18.7. Monroe St., Media. founded about 1720). 
19.2 Providence Road (Right for Detour to Avon- 16.0 Lima Cross Roads, Old Pine Apple Inn, 1737, 
dale and Birthplace of Benjamin West). now a dwelling; once a famous stage-relay. 
21.1 Chester Road, Swarthmore (Detours to 17.3° Under R. R. at Wawa. 
Avondale and West’s Birthplace end here). 21.0 Concordville. Reverse fork on left leads to 
26.8 61st St.; left. 27.9 Walnut St.; turn right. Concord Meeting House. 
29.4 48th and Walnut, West Philadelphia High 22.7 Stone house in the hollow, S. P. 1796. 
School for Boys. 23.7 Lafayette’s Headquarters at the Battle of 
29.5 47th and Walnut, West Philadelphia High Brandywine, September 10 and 11, 1777. 
School for Girls. 23.8 Brandywine Baptist Church, organized in 
31.5 23d St.; turn left. 31.6 Market St.; right. 1715; beautiful old trees, a dismounting 
32.3 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. step, and old tombstones. 
24.2 Washington’s Headquarters at Chadd’s Ford. 
24.8 Chadd’s Ford Inn (Immediately beyond, turn 
right for Detour to Brandywine Battlefield). 
25.0 Cross concrete bridge over Brandywine Creek, 
passing into Chester County. 
26.4 Battlefield Marker, on right. 
28.0 Kennett Square Meeting House, made famous 
by Bayard Taylor in the Story of Kennett. 
28.3 Fork; bear right. 28.4 Hamorton. 
29.1 Fork; straight through, leaving Pike. 
29.3 Turn left for entrance to Longwood Cemetery. 
In center of path, right, grave of Bayard 
Taylor. 
29.3 (Before turning, continue for Detour to 
“Longwood’’). 
29.4 Baltimore Pike; turn right. 
31.9 Kennett Square, State and Union Sts. Tablet 
marking Site of Bayard Taylor’s Birthplace 
(Right for Detour to Cedarcroft). 
ON THE BRANDYWINE 106.1 Baltimore. 


Route VI—Philadelphia and the South, via West Chester 





Tourists to and from the South will find this alternative route through West Chester exceptionally attractive. 
The pastoral landscape between Kennett Square and West Chester, and the scenery of the Upper Brandy- 
wine are full of reminders of the charm of rural England. West Chester is especially interesting as the center 
of a rich farming district. The West Chester Pike is one of the finest highways into Philadelphia. 





Route VI—Baltimore to Philadelphia 


(via Kennett Square and West Chester) 


0.0 Baltimore, at Washington Monument. 
Kennett Square. 





0.0 Kennett Square, State and Union Sts. Tablet, 
northeast corner, marking site of Bayard 
Taylor’s birthplace. Turn left. 

1.0 Cedarcroft; home of Bayard Taylor (1860-78). 
Tablet. Stop. See Route 23. 

2.0 Willowdale (Right for detour to Red Lion 
Inn (1789), now private residences. (Com- 
plete detour four miles). 

3.2 3-corners; turn left; Main Street, Unionville. 

3.7. Unionville Cemetery, right; grave of Ruth 
Baldwin Wilson, original of “‘Martha Deane.” 

3.8 Large brick house, left; last home of ‘‘ Martha 
Deane.”’ 

3.9 Old Inn (1734); original of the ‘Unicorn Inn.” 

4.2 Old Unionville Public School; once the 
“academy,’’ where Bayard Taylor was edu- 
cated. Reverse to 

4.6 Turn left; leaving Unionville. Right, corner 
of Main Street, the site of the original of 
“The Deane Mansion.” 


7.5 Straight through, bearing right. 7.6 Turn 
left: 
9.0 Caution; grade crossing. 9.2 Turn left. 


9.3. Through covered bridge; bearing right. 


10.1 Through covered bridge; turning left. 

11.5 Straight through. 

12.7. Turn. right; read becomes }Priceot.n aw est 
Chester. 

13.6 High St.; turn left. 

14.3 W. Fayette St.; turn left. 

14.3. Church St.; turn left. Church and W. Fay- 
ette Sts., West Chester Public Library; 
“Bayard Taylor Memorial Collection.” Stop. 
See Route 23. 

14.6 Gay Street; turn right. 

14.8 New Street; turn left. 

14.9 Market and New Sts., West Chester County 
Jail; turn left. 

15.0 High St.; left. On right, Turk’s Head Inn, 
1747. 

15.0 Left, Court House; stone and tablet. 

15.1 Turn right; on left, Green Tree Hotel (1786). 
The street becomes West Chester Pike to 
Philadelphia. See Route 23. 

20.8 Willis Town Inn. 

22.8 Old Penn Hotel; now private house. 

24.0 Road entrance to Castle Rocks, on right; near 
ruins of stone-breaker, at sign ‘‘Car Stop.” 
See Route 23. 

25.5 Keep right with trolley. 

26.3 Newtown Square (Left on Newtown Road 


for detour to 0.4, Newtown Meeting House 
1791): 

Octagonal School House, right. 

Drove Tavern, 1728; a remodeled tea-room and 
grocery. 


27.0 
28.5 


30.1 Sons of Temperance Hall, built 1847; right. 

31.1 Llanerch Country Club, right. 

32.0 Llanerch; straight through. 

33.0 Flower Observatory, University of Pennsyl- 
vania; left. 

34.6 Pass on left, Millbourne Mills, 1757. 

34.7 63d St., Philadelphia; turn right. 

34.9 Walnut St.; turn left. 

38.6 23d St; left 38.8 Market St.; right. 

39.5 City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


Route VIr—Philadelphia to Baltimore 
(via West Chester and Kennett Square) 


0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, 
South on Broad St. 

0.2. Walnut St.; turn right. 

4.6 63d St.; turn right. 

4.8 Market St.; turn left. For full details from 
this point see Route 23—Tracks and Traces 
of Bayard Taylor. 

Green Tree Hotel, (1786), West Chester. See 
as above for reaching 


South | side. 


26.7 West Chester Public Library. 

29.5 Views of the Brandywine. 

36.4 Main St., Unionville. 

39.0 Willowdale (Detour to Red Lion Inn). 

40.0 Cedarcroft; home of Bayard Taylor (1860—- 
78). 

41.0 State and Union Sts., Kennett Square. Tab- 
let, marking site of Bayard Taylor’s birth- 
place. Turn right. 

115.2 Baltimore. 


Kennett Square.—‘‘The Story of Kennett,” as 
depicted in Bayard: Taylor’s novel, is occasionally 
enacted as a play or pageant in this quaint town. An 
annual fox chase, commemorative of the famous 
chase of March 17, 1796, described in the novel, is 
held by the Kennett Square Hunt Club, and the par- 
ticipants impersonate the characters of the story. 
Six thousand persons witnessed the centenary run in 
1896, when Taylor’s brother-in-law appeared as 
Sandy Flash, the outlaw. The centennial of the 
birth of the poet was celebrated January 11, 1925. 
Mrs. Bayard Taylor celebrated the 95th anniversary 
of her birthday on June 2, 1924, in Garmisch-Parten- 
kirchen, near Munich, but has since died. 

Castle Rocks.—These fantastic rocks on the West 
Chester Pike have long been of curious interest for 
their association with ‘‘Sandy Flash,” the original of 
Bayard Taylor’s outlaw. 


298 


On Byways of the Bethlehem Pike 





GARDEN GATE OF THE DEVEREUX HOUSE DEVEREUX HOUSE NEAR CAMP HILL 


Across a beautiful moat, terraced steps lead into this old- | Here Washington had headquarters in 1777, before moving 
world garden. to Valley Forge. 


Route VII—Philadelphia and the North, via Ambler 


The Bethlehem Pike joins Germantown Road at Chestnut Hill. 


Combined at Allen Lane with the 


Lincoln Drive along the Wissahickon, followed by the East River Drive along the Schuylkill, it becomes the 
most beautiful approach of all to the heart of the city. The region between Ambler and Chestnut Hill figures 


largely in the history of Revolutionary days. 


To the hills of the Whitemarsh Valley Washington marched 


after the Battle of Germantown. Delightful colonial houses associated with the events of the time are met 
with on the detours to Camp Hill and the Skippack. The detour over Germantown Avenue from the Chew 
House, the chief scene of the Battle of Germantown, to Loudoun, the home of descendants of James Logan, 


is crowded with houses and places of historic interest. 


Detour to Camp Hill, and Devereux House.—Leav- 
ing Bethlehem Pike (at 1.5 or 16.6) turn east, 0.0. 
Cross R. R. 0.5. Over bridge at 0.9, turning right 
around Camp Hill; on the summit is the Van Rensse- 
laer Mansion. Curve left at 1.1. On the Van Rens- 
selaer estate at 1.4 is the burial plot of Nicholas Scull, 
who came to America in 1685, and whose son became 
Surveyor General of the Province and is remembered 
for important early maps. Continue, keeping right 
at 1.5. At 1.7 is a white gate, entrance to the Dev- 
ereux House, owned by Emlen Devereux. At 1.8 is 
a field entrance, where may be seen the beautiful moat 
and the old walled garden fronting the house. Here 
Washington had headquarters from October 30 
until December 11, 1777, when he moved the army 
to Gulph Mills and Valley Forge. Here he dined the 
officers of his Staff in the afternoons at three o’clock, 
but not in the style he wished, as a record dated 
November 7, 1777, testifies: ‘‘Since the General left 
Germantown, in the middle of September last, he has 
been without his baggage, and on that account is 
unable to receive company in the manner he could 
wish.”’ While staying in this house Washington 
offered a reward of ten dollars ‘‘to any person, who 
shall by nine o’clock Monday morning produce the 
best substitute for shoes, made of raw hides.’”’ Re- 
verse to Bethlehem Pike. 

Hope Lodge, 1721.—A fine relic of colonial days, 
especially charming within for its wainscoting and 
panelings, old mantels and Dutch tiles, massive doors 
and locks. It has been occupied by the Wentz 
family for the last 100 years. The attic room was the 
home of the first Masonic Lodge in Pennsylvania. 

Detour to the Skippack.—Leave the Bethlehem 
Pike (0.0) at 2.7 or 15.4. First laid out in 1713, the 
Skippack road stretches for miles to Pennypacker 
Mill on the Perkiomen Creek at Schwenksville. At 
1.0 turn right on Sheaff Lane to 1.2, The Highlands 
(See below). Reverse to Skippack Road, 1.3, turn 
right. Broad Ax Inn, left;2.3. At3.1, turn tieht fo 
gravel road. Old school house, 3.4. At 3.7, left, 
Dawesfield (See below). Morris Road, 4.2, turn 
left. Turn right on Penllyn Road, 5.2. At 6.1, turn 
left on road at side of Penllyn Station. At 6.4 Foulke 
House, Penllyn (See below). Reverse to 6.6, Penllyn 
Road, turning right. Keep left, 6.8. Cross Morris 
Road, 7.5. At 8.1 Blue Bell Church (See below). 
Ye Old Inn, Blue Bell, 8.4, turn left onto Skippack 
Road. Straight through to Bethlehem Pike, 11.7. 

The Highlands.—A wonderful old house built in 
1796 by Anthony Morris, who in 1793 was dismissed 
from Meeting by the Quakers, because he signed a 
bill calling for troops to suppress the whiskey insur- 
rection. He was Speaker of the State Senate. A 


son and a daughter of Fredrick Augustus Muhlenberg, 
nrst Speaker of Congress, married into the family 
that has owned this property for over a century. 
Family portraits by Sully are treasures of the house, 
and the walled garden is a unique feature. 


Dawesfield.—Built in 1736, and now the enlarged 
home of George J. Cook, a Philadelphia banker, this 
early colonial house preserves ‘‘documentary evi- 
dence”’ of its use as headquarters by Washington— 
an old inscribed plate attached to the bedstead in 
which the much-traveled Washington slept. Here a 
court-martial, held at his request, acquitted General 
Anthony Wayne with honor, and dismissed the charges 
made against him as a result of the Paoli Massacre. 


Foulke House, Penllyn.—The Wisters of Grumble- 
thorpe fame took refuge here when the British 
were occupying Philadelphia and harassing German- 
town. In this house the vivacious Sally Wister wrote 
the ever charming Diary that pictures so graphically 
the exciting life of the country-side in those days. 


Blue Bell Church.—In spring time, with its out- 
look, and carpet of pink mountain laurel overrunning 
the gray stones, a spot of rare beauty. Here labored 
the old German schoolmaster preacher, John Philip 
Boehm. The building dates from 1818. Tablet. 


Old St. Thomas Church.—Situated on a hill in the 
Whitemarsh Valley, it is redolent with memories of 
Washington and his army encamped here after the 
disaster at Germantown. It was founded before 1700. 


Detour to Main Street, Germantown.—On the way 
to Philadelphia, at Allen Lane, 7.4; continue on 
Germantown Avenue. On the way from Philadel- 
phia turn right at 10.2. Historic houses on this street 
are so numerous that only the more important are 
listed on this detour. See Routes 3, 4, 10. Memorial 
to Dr. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, left, 0.0; St. 
Michael’s Lutheran Church (founded 1730) left, 
0.7; Church of the Brethren (founded 1723) left, 0.9; 
Billmeyer House, 1727, 1.0; Upsala, 1798, right, 1.1; 
Chew House, storm centre of the Battle of German- 
town, left, 1.1; Upper Burying Ground and Concord 
School, left, 1.3; Nos. 6316-6306 Main St., Johnson 
Houses, right, 1.3; No. 6239 Main St., Washington 
Tavern, 1740; Mennonite Meeting House (founded 
1708), left, 1.5; Green Tree Tavern, 1748, site of 
Pastorius homestead, left, 1.6; Wyck (1690) right, 
1.6; Vernon Mansion, Vernon Park, Museum of Ger- 
mantown Site and Relic Society, right, 2.0; Morris- 
Perot House, 1772, right, 2.2; Wister House, 1774, 
left, 2.4; Thones Kunder’s House, left, 2.6; Lower 
Germantown Burial Ground, 1693, left, 2.8; Loudoun 
1802, right, 3.0. Reverse to starting point (or con- 
tinue direct to City Hall, via Broad St.). 


300 


RouteVII—Philadelphia and the North, via Ambler 
Route VIIR—Philadelphia to Scranton 


Route VII—Scranton to Philadelphia 


HOPE LODGE, BETHLEHEM PIKE, 1721—HOME OF THE 


(via Allentown and Ambler) 


Scranton, Wyoming and Lackawanna Aves. 
Allentown, Hamilton and 7th Sts. 
Ambler. 





Ambler, Faust Tannery, left. 

Trinity Memorial Church, Ambler. 

(Left for Detour to Camp Hill, and Devereux 
House). 1.7 Fort Washington Inn, right. 

Tablet. Erected by the Pennsylvania Society 
of the Sons of the Revolution. 

Hope Lodge; left, far back from road. 

Fort Side Inn, right. 

(Sharp right for Detour to Skippack). 

St. Thomas Church, left. 

Flourtown. 4.0 Black Horse Hotel, left. 

Colonial log-cabin in ruins; left. 

Early Road House, 1743. C(harles) O(ttin- 
ger) M(ary) O(ttinger). 

Wheel Pump Hotel, right. 

Fork; turn left onto Germantown Ave. 

Allen Lane; turn right. (Straight through 
for Detour to Germantown). 

Lincoln Drive; turn left. 

Entrance to Fairmount Park. 

Birthplace of David Rittenhouse, right. 

Keep left on East River Drive. 

Falls of Schuylkill. 

Laurel Hill Cemetery, left. (See Route 11). 

Lincoln Monument; straight through. 

Pennsylvania Ave.; turn right. Washington 
Monument. 

23d St.; turn right. Philadelphia Art Mu- 
seum. 16.6 Parkway; turn left. 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


301 


0.0 


54.9 


(via Ambler and Allentown) 


Philadelphia, City Hall, north side. 
west on Parkway. 

23d St.; right. Philadelphia Art Museum. 

Pennsylvania Ave.; turn left. Washington 
Monument. 1.8 Pass Lincoln Monument. 

Laurel Hill Cemetery, onright. See Route 11. 

Fork; bear right. 5.2 Falls of Schuylkill. 

Cross Ridge Ave. onto Wissahickon Drive. 

Rittenhouse Birthplace, and Site of first Paper 
Mill in America (1690). 

Dead end at Allen Lane; turn right. 

Germantown Ave.; turn left (Right for De- 
tour to Germantown). 

Gowen Ave.; turn right 

Mt. Airy Station, on left. 

Dead end at Stenton Ave.; turn left. 

Fork; bear right. 

Fork; bear right onto Bethlehem Pike. 

Wheel Pump Hotel, on left. 

Early Road House, 1743. 
ger) M(ary) O(ttinger). 

Black Horse Hotel, right. 

Flourtown. 15.2 St. Thomas Church, right. 

(Left for Detour to Skippack). 

Fort Side Inn, left. 

Hope Lodge; back from road, right. 

Fort Washington Inn, left. Cross R. R. 

(Right for Detour to Camp Hill, and Devereux 

House). 

Trinity Memorial Church, Ambler. 

Ambler; Faust Tannery, right. 

Quakertown, Broad and Main Sts; 

Allentown, Hamilton and 7th Sts. 


North- 


C(harles) O(ttin- 


47.6, 


146.7 Scranton, Lackawanna and Wyoming Aves. 





J 


FIRST MASONIC LODGE IN PENNSYLVANIA 


Route VIII—Philadelphia and the North, via Doylestown 





A section of the Lackawanna Trail, the Doylestown Pike connects Philadelphia with Easton and the 
Delaware Water Gap. At Willow Grove it becomes continuous with the Old York Road, of which in olden 
times it was regarded as a branch. The part beyond Willow Grove was opened in 1722. The outstanding 
figure on this old road was Sir William Keith, whose coach and four with outriders, on their way to Phila- 
delphia, was one of the sensations of the era. The detour to Graeme Park and Sir William’s old mansion 


is not to be missed. The Bucks County Historical Museum, on this route, is the greatest thing of its kind in 
America. 





GRAEME PARK—MANSION OF SIR WILLIAM KEITH, 1721 


A mile and a half from the Pike, between Doylestown and Willow Grove, is the age-worn but beau- 
tiful old home of Queen Anne’s Surveyor General of the Royal Customs. 


Detour to St. Tammany’s Burial Ground, Chalfont. 
—At Doylestown turn west on State St., 0.0. Fork 
at 0.1, bear right on State Road. Pass National Farm 
School, 1.6. At 4.8 cross bridge over Neshaminy at 
Chalfont. At 5.1 stop at line fence, state road, right; 


Graeme Park Farms, 1.4. Since 1791 the property 
has belonged to the Penrose family, who built the 
present mansion and surrounding buildings. Sev- 
eral hundred yards along a lane still stands the ancient 
Mansion of Sir William Keith, 1721; age-worn, but 


walk across field down hill (about 100 yards) to two 
trees near a winding streamlet; burial ground of 
Tamenend, the Lenape Indian chief, known as St. 
Tammany. Reverse to State and Main Sts., Doyles- 
town, (10.2). See Route 6. 

Bucks County Historical Society, Doylestown.— 
Leaving Main Street, turn east, and immediately left 
on East Ashland St.; then right on South Pine St. to 
0.4m. The Museum, in design and construction 
(concrete throughout, including window frames and 
roof), in completeness and diversity of material 
(21,000 relics), as well as in ingenuity in display, is 
unique in America. The interior is a child’s dream 
of a Nuremberg gargantuan toy-house. One of many 
features is a series of little rooms showing historic 
implements of household and farm, and of trades and 
professions. 

Detour to Graeme Park.—Leaving Doylestown 
Pike, 0.0, turn west on Davis Grove Road. At 0.6, 
straight through on dirt road, still called Governor’s 
Road; colonial house on left. At 1.3 turn right into 


with beautiful interior wood-work and fire-places. 
Sir William Keith was Queen Anne’s Surveyor Gen- 
eral of the royal customs in the American colonies, 
and afterwards deputy governor of the Province of 
Pennsylvania. His step-daughter married Dr. 
Graeme, member of the Provincial Council, and a 
Justice of the Supreme Court. Graeme Park orig- 
inally embraced 1200 acres, including the present 
Willow Grove. Here Washington was entertained 
October 21, 1777, by Elizabeth Graeme. Reverse 
to Doylestown Pike (2.8). 

Willow Grove Park.—This finest open-air amuse- 
ment park in America, under management of the 
Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company, has no admis- 
sion charge. A regular summer feature is the best 
in orchestra and band music, under world-famous 
leaders. 

Detour to Stenton.—Leaving Broad Street, 0.0, 
turn west on Wingohocking Street to 18th St., 0.3; 
turn right, 0.4, and immediately right into Stenton, 
1728. See Route 5. Reverse to Broad St. 


302 


0. 


1 


2:2 


18. 


21. 


21. 


No 


Route VIII—Philadelphia and the North, via Doylestown 
Route VIIJ—Easton to Philadelphia 


(via Doylestown and Willow Grove) 





Easton, Centre Square. South on 3rd St. 
Doylestown. 
Doylestown, State and Main Sts. The 


Fountain Hotel (‘“Ye Olde Inn’); in 
daily continuous service since 1748; an- 
tiques of charm and interest (Right for 
Detour to St. Tammany’s Burial Ground, 
Chalfont). 

East Ashland St. (Left for Detour to Bucks 
County Historical Society Museum). 

Edison. Dangerous curve; right, then left 
over Neshaminy bridge (1801). 

Warrington Inn. 

Davis Grove Road (Right for Detour to 
Graeme Park). 

Hallowell. 

Horsham Friends’ Meeting, dating to 1721; 
present building 1803. 

Fork; right onto Old York Road. 

Willow Grove. Entrance to Willow Grove 
Park, right. 

Abington Presbyterian Church. 

Abington Library, left. 

Jenkintown; bank on right (Left for Abington 
Meeting House). 

Fork; bear left with trolley. 

The Ivy, 1682, right. 

Ogontz. 4-corners right with trolley. 

Entrance to Latham Park; site of ‘Road- 
side,” home of the pioneer defender of 
women’s rights, Lucretia Mott. 

City Line; one block on right, La Mott, 
quaint settlement, formerly called “‘Camp- 
town,”’ now named for Lucretia Mott. 

Fork; left with trolley on Old York Road. 

Wingohocking St. (Right for Detour to 
Stenton). 

Cross Roosevelt Boulevard. 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 





DOYLESTOWN 


HISTORICAL MUSEUM, 


Bucks County Historical Society. 


303 


0 OWA 


Route VIIIk—Philadelphia to Easton 


(via Willow Grove and Doylestown) 


PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, north side. 
north on Broad St. 

Cross Roosevelt Boulevard. 

Wingohocking St. (Left for Detourto Stenton). 

Broad St. and Old York Road; straight 
through on Broad St. 


Go 


Olney Ave.; left on Old York Road. 

Fork; left on Old York Road with trolley. 

Oak Lane. 

City Line; one block on left, La Mott (for- 
merly ‘“‘Camptown”’). 

Entrance to Latham Park; site of ‘Road- 
side’, 

Ogontz. Fork; left with trolley. 

Left, Cheltenham Flour Mills, Tacony 


Creek; adjoining, The Ivy, 1682. 

Fork; bear left with trolley. 

Jenkintown; Bank on left (Right for Abing- 
ton Meeting House). 

Abington Presbyterian Church. 

Willow Grove. Willow Grove Park, on left. 

Fork; left with trolley onto Doylestown Pike. 

Horsham Friends’ Meeting, dating to 1721; 
present building, 1803. 

Hallowell. 

Davis Grove Road (Left for Detour to 
Graeme Park). 

Warrington Inn. 

Edison. Dangerous curve; right, then left, 
over Neshaminy bridge, built 1801. 

Castellated building on right, Bucks County 
Historical Society Museum. 

(Right for Detour to Historical Society 
Museum). 

Doylestown, State and Main Sts. The 
Fountain Hotel (‘‘Ye Olde Inn’), 1748 
(Left on State Street for Detour to St. 
Tammany’s Burial Ground, Chalfont). 





Easton, Centre Square. 





1682—OLD YORK ROAD 


THE IVY, 


Oldest house in Pennsylvania still in use. 


Route IX—Philadelphia and the North, via New Hope 





The Old York Road is still an important highway between New York and Philadelphia, the tourist from 
the North, via Morristown, picking it up across the Delaware River at New Hope, Pa. Itleads through Willow 
Grove to Broad Street, by way of which the center of the city is now reached. The terminus of the original 
road, first opened in 1711, is still at Fourth and Callowhill Streets. Lining this old road throughout its length 


are many places and points of interest. 





Detour over the “Indian Walk.’”—Leaving Old 
York Road at Buckingham cross roads, 0.0, turn east, 
jogging right and then left onto the road to Wrights- 
town. At 3.8 bear right, passing Pineville P. O., on 
right. Anchor Hotel 5.2, jog right and then left. 
At 6.2, adjoining Wrightstown Meeting House, Mono- 
lith to the Lenni Lenape Indians, marking the start- 
ing point of the famous ‘‘ Indian Walk.’’ See Route 6. 

Detour to Doylestown.—Leaving Old York Road 
at Buckingham cross roads, 0.0, turn west. Fork 
0.2, turn left. Fork 3.7, turn left on State Street to 
4.0, Fountain House, Doylestown, State and Main 
Sts. See Route VIII for Bucks County Historical 
Society Museum, and other particulars. 

Neshaminy Presbyterian Church.—This church at 
Hartsville was founded in 1710 In the hall is a 
tablet to Nathaniel Irwin, best friend of John Fitch, 
inventor of the first experimental steamboat. See 
Route 14. Pastor here. also was the Rev. William 
Tennant (1721), who founded nearby the famous 
“Log College,’ forerunner of Princeton. 

Hatboro.—The Crooked Billet, built by the founder 
of Hatboro, in 1750, has been made over into a pri- 
vate dwelling. With a library founded in 1755, a 
bridge built in 1780, and a school dating to 1801, 
Hatboro is proud of its history, particularly of its 
part, May 1, 1778, in the conflict for Independence. 

Abington Presbyterian Church.—The church dates 
to 1710. Directly opposite is the old church ceme- 
tery; at the gate is the tombstone of Gilbert Tennent, 
son of the founder of the ‘Log College’ (forerunner 





STENTON-——AN EARLY COLONIAL COUNTRY SEAT 


eee by James Logan, Penn’s friend and secretary, in 
28. 


of Princeton), and first pastor of the Second Pres- 
byterian Church of Philadelphia. _Commemorated 
on the same stone is Samuel Finley, fifth president of 
Princeton. 

The Ivy, 1682.—On the Old York Road, with 
name cut on gate-posts, is the oldest house in Penn- 
sylvania still in use. The Friends’ Meeting held 
here in 1683 was the forerunner of the Cheltenham 
Meeting, succeeded in 1700 by the Abington Monthly 
Meeting. The adjoining Cheltenham Flour Mills, 
Tacony Creek, dates to 1746. 

Willow Grove Park.—See Route VIII. 

Willow Grove to Broad Street.—See Route VIII. 

Detour to Stenton.—See Route VIII. 





Aerial photograph by Victor Dallin 


WILLOW GROVE—FINEST OPEN-AIR AMUSEMENT PARK IN AMERICA 


304 


Route IX—Philadelphia and the North, via New Hope 


Route [X—New York to Philadelphia 
(via Morristown, New Hope, and Willow Grove) 


0.0 New York, 42nd and Broadway. West on 


0.0 


13.5 


14.0 


15.6 


17.7 


. Wingohocking St. 


42nd St. to ferry. Newark, 12.4; Morris- 
town, 32.6; Lambertville, N.J., Bridge 
and Main Sts. 76.4; cross bridge over 
Delaware River to New Hope, Pa., 77.1. 





New Hope, Pa.; Bank on right. Straight 
through on Old York Road (Left on Main 
Street to Main and Ferry Sts. for Benjamin 
Parry House, 1784. The Art Colony is 
north of the highway). 


Fork; cannon monument in centre; bear 
right. 

Aquetong. 

Catalpa Inn. 

Lahaska. ‘‘The Vale of Lahaska’’; named 


by the Indians. 

Buckingham Meeting House, 1768; used by 
Washington as a hospital. 

Hollicong. 

Buckingham, cross roads; General Greene 
Inn, on left (Right for Detour to Doyles- 
town (4 m.). Left for Detour to Wrights- 
town (6.2 m). 


Bridge Valley; cross bridge over the 
Neshaminy. 

Jamison. 

Robbins Farmhouse, 1763; Washington’s 
headquarters, August 10 to August 23, 
1777; here Lafayette first joined the 


army. 

Cross bridge over the Little Neshaminy; 
nearby Washington encamped with 13,000 
men in 1777; in this encampment 
Alexander Hamilton, John Marshall, and 
James Monroe were officers. 

Hartsville. At 14.1 Neshaminy Presbyterian 
Church. 

Street Road. Tablet to John Fitch, who 
exploited his idea of the steamboat 
(1785), on a nearby pond. 16.7 Pass from 
Bucks to Montgomery County. 

Hatboro Monument, commemorating the 
Battle at Crooked Billet, May 1, 1778. 

Hatboro Library; founded 1755. 

Hatboro Public School; originally Loller 
Academy (1801), founded by a Revolu- 
tionary soldier, teacher, and surveyor, 
afterwards an associate Judge of Mont- 
gomery County. Tablet. 

3-corners; bear left on Old York Road. 

Willow Grove; Willow Grove Park, on 
right. For Old York Road from Willow 
Grove to Broad St., see Route VIII at 
mileage 12.1 to 18.8. 

Broad St. and Old York Road; 
through on Broad St. 

(Right for Detour to 


straight 


Stenton). 
Cross Roosevelt Boulevard. 
City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


Route [Xr—Philadelphia to New York 
(via Willow Grove, New Hope, and Morristown) 


0.0 


4. 
4.7 


MMO} 


NMP OO U0 


CMUUMNS w 


6 


PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, north side. Go 
north on Broad St 

Cross Roosevelt Boulevard. 

Wingohocking St. (Left for Detour to 
Stenton). 

Broad St. and Old York Road. Straight 


through on Broad St. 

Fork; bear right on Old York Road with 
trolley. For Old York Road from Broad 
St. to Willow Grove, See Route VIIIR. 

Willow Grove. 

Fork; bear right on Old York Road. 

Fork; bear left away from trolley. 

Hatboro Public School; originally Loller 
Academy (1801). 

Hatboro Library; founded 1755. 

Hatboro Monument, commemorating Battle 
at Crooked Billet Tavern. 

Street Road; Tablet to John Fitch. 

Neshaminy Presbyterian Church. 

Cross the Little Neshaminy. 

Robbin’s Farmhouse, 1763. 

Jamison. 

Bridge Valley; cross the Neshaminy. 

Buckingham; crossroads. General Greene 
Inn, on right (Left for Detour to Doyles- 
town. Right for Detour to Wrightstown). 

Hollicong. 

Buckingham Meeting House, 1768. 

Lahaska. 

Catalpa Inn. 

Aquetong. 

Fork; Cannon Monument bear left. 

New Hope, Pa.; Bank on left. Straight 
through. Cross bridge over Delaware River. 


Tablet. 





Lambertville, N. J., Bridge and Main Sts. 
Morristown. 98.6 Newark. 
New York, 42nd St. and Broadway. 





BUCKINGHAM MEETING HOUSE, 
Built in 1768, this stately Meeting House is surrounded by 


1768—OLD YORK ROAD 


ancient trees under which wounded Revolutionary soldiers 
found rest and refuge. 


305 


Route X—Philadelphia and the North, via South Langhorne 





The Lincoln Highway between New York and Philadelphia embraces the complete twelve miles of the 
magnificent Roosevelt Boulevard, and represents the modern short cut between Trenton and Philadelphia. 
Short detours to Trinity Church, Oxford, and to Stenton, the colonial home of James Logan, are outstanding 


historic features of this route. 


From this road also may be reached the imposing Swedenborgian Cathedral 


at Bryn Athyn, and the impressive saw manufactory of the Henry Disston Sons Company at Tacony. 





CHURCH OF THE NEW JERUSALEM, BRYN ATHYN 


Already widely celebrated for its situation and its architectural features, this building will require thirty 
years more for its completion. 


Roosevelt Boulevard.—Beginning at the bridge 
marking the city limit (15.1), this magnificent section 
of the Lincoln Highway extends fully twelve miles to 
its terminus at Broad Street. The boulevard as a 
park area is under control of the Fairmount Park 
Commission. The site of the new Baptist Home 
(20.5) has been selected, the Shriner’s Hospital for 
crippled children (20.3) is under construction, and 
the Byberry Farms (16.6), a municipal hospital for 
the mentally deficient, is already established in part 
on this great avenue. A pioneer industrial plant on 
the boulevard is the gigantic building of Sears, Roe- 
buck & Co., the Philadelphia home of the world’s 
largest store. 

Detour to Bryn Athyn.—Leaving the Lincoln High- 
way, 0.0, at the Red Lion Road (17.7 or 14.6), turn 
west. Over R. R. 0.6. Cross-roads 1.2, straight 
through. At 2.3 cross county line into Montgomery 
county. Steep grade at 2.7; caution, R. R. beyond 
at 2.8. Dead end 3.3, Bethayres; right on Fox Chase 
and Huntington Turnpike. At 4.0 turn left to small 
gate entrance to Bryn Athyn Church of the New 
Jerusalem (open M., T., Th., F., 3 to5 p.m.; Satur- 


days, 10 to 12, and 3 to5). Theland has been owned 
for forty years, but the present edifice was begun in 
1913. Already an architectural marvel, it is esti- 
mated thirty years will be required for its comple- 
tion. Artists and artisans live and work on the 
grounds. The flood of purple light over the holy of 
holies is only one of their triumphs in stained glass. 
Reverse to Lincoln Highway. 

Detour to Disston’s Saw Works.—Leave the Lin- 
coln Highway at Tyson Street (22.2 or 10.0), turning 
east. The plant at Tacony covers 50 acres of ground, 
has 58 buildings, and employs 3,500 skilled workmen. 
Here may be seen every step in the manufacture of 
saws, including even the making of the steel. The 
Disston plant has given Philadelphia a reputation 
the world over for superiority in the manufacture of 
saws, in which it leads the whole United States. 

Detour to Trinity Church, Oxford.—Leaving Roose- 
velt Boulevard at Rising Sun Avenue (26.0 or 6.2), 
turn northward. At 2.8 Church Lane, turn right. 
At 2.9 Trinity Church, Oxford, built 1711. See p. 
64. Reverse to Roosevelt Boulevard. 

Detour to Stenton.—See Route VIII. 


306 


0. 


27. 
Sic 


32. 


Ue OTOSOMOUNUOROS 


Route X—New York to Philadelphia 


0 


° 


aS 


(via Trenton and South Langhorne) 


New York, 42nd St. and Broadway. 
West on 42nd St. to ferry. Weehawken, 
N. J., 0.0; Newark, 12.4; Elizabeth, 17.6; 
Rahway, 23.6; New Brunswick, 35.8; 
Kingston, 49.3; Princeton, 52.5; Lawrenceville, 
57.7; Trenton, 63.6. 





Trenton, N. J., Warren Ave., at the Monu- 
ment. South on Warren Ave. 

Bridge St., turn right. 

Morrisville, Pa. 2.9 Fork; keep right. 

Diagonal 3-corners; bear right. 

Left under R. R. immediately right. 

Fork; keep left. 

South Langhorne. 10.9 Parkland. 

Cross bridge over Neshaminy Creek. 

Fork; keep right. 

City Limit; cross bridge into Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia City Hospital for Mental 
Diseases. 15.8 Byberry Farms. 

Fork; , keep left. 

Red Lion Road (Right for Detour to Bryn 
Athyn). 

New Shriners’ Hospital for Crippled Chil- 
dren; Lulu Temple, Philadelphia. 

Tyson St. (Left for Detour to Disston Saw 
Works). 

Castor Circle; straight through. 

Rising Sun Avenue (Right for Detour to 
Trinity Church, Oxford). 

Wingohocking St.; turn right. 

Broad St.; turn left. (Straight through on 
Wingohocking St. for Detour to Stenton). 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


Route X—Philadelphia and the North, via South Langhorne 


Route Xr—Philadelphia to New York 


> 
Na 


_ 
a 
an 


nN 
oO 
N NS COOK DN DW CO CO 


38.1 


(via South Langhorne and Trenton) 


PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, north side. 
north on Broad St. 

Roosevelt Boulevard; turn right. 

Rising Sun Avenue (Left for Detour to 
Trinity Church, Oxford). 

Castor Circle; straight through. 

Tyson St. (Right for Detour to Disston Saw 
Works). 

Circle; straight through. 

New Shriners’ Hospital for Crippled Chil- 
dren; Lulu Temple, Philadelphia. 

Cross bridge over Pennypack Creek. 

4-corners; straight through. 

Red Lion Road (Left for Detour to Bryn 
Athyn). 

Byberry Farms, left. 

Philadelphia City Hospital for Mental Dis- 
eases, Byberry; left. 

City Limit; cross bridge into Bucks County. 

Avoid left-hand road. 

Parkland at R.R. 21.5 South Langhorne. 

Left under R. R. and immediately right. 

Diagonal 3-corners; bear right. 

Morrisville. 

Cross bridge over Delaware River. 

Trenton, N. J., Warren Ave., turn left. 

5-corners; bear right around monument 
onto Brunswick Ave. 


Go 





Lawrenceville; Princeton, 43.3; Kingston, 
46.5; New Brunswick, 60.0; Rahway, 
72.2; Elizabeth, 78.2; Newark, 83.4; 


Weehawken at 42nd St. Ferry, 95.8. 
New York City, 42nd St. and Broadway. 





ANDALUSIA ON THE DELAWARE—HOME OF THE BIDDLE FAMILY 
307 


Route XI—Philadelphia and the North, via Bristol 





The so-called Bristol Pike, to and from the north through Frankford, and continuous with Frankford 
Avenue to its terminus in the Penn Boulevard at Delaware Avenue and Laurel Street, is the oldest highway 
to New York. Marked out in 1675 as the King’s Highway, it was improved by order of the Provincial Council 


in 1682. 


and other delegates passed in 1775 to the Continental Congress. 
Many places of historic importance and detours of exceptional interest 


it to victory at Yorktown in 1781. 


Over this road William Penn traveled in going to his manor of Pennsbury. Over it John Adams 


Washington and his army marched over 


are found on this old highway. Its ultimate continuation in the proposed Kendrick Boulevard, planned as 
an elevated speedway southward from Market Street on Delaware Avenue, will make this route the most 
popular highway in Philadelphia and a direct road to the Sesqui-Centennial site. 


Bristol, Pa.—The third oldest town in Pennsyl- 
vania, Bristol was plotted in 16096. The present 
Meeting House dates to 1756. The quaint Town 
Hall on Radcliffe Street was built in 1831 in six 
weeks, at a cost of $3,781, to secure a legacy of $200 
bequeathed for a town clock. 

State in Schuylkill Fishing Club.—The castle of 
this famous club, the oldest social organization in the 
world, faces the Delaware, adjoining the old Clock 
House, near Eddington. It stood originally on the 
Schuylkill near Girard Avenue, but was removed to 
Gray’s Ferry in 1822. In 1888 it was taken to its 
present site. Organized in 1732 as the Colony of 
Schuylkill Fishing Club, it has had a distinguished 
membership from the days of James Logan to its 
present thirty select men. The Clock House dates 
in part to 1732, and is used by the Philadelphia Gun 
Club. See illustration on page 311. 

Andalusia.—Named in honor of his Spanish part- 
ner, this beautiful mansion facing the Delaware was 
built in 1794 by a Philadelphia merchant, John Craig. 
The estate has been for years in possession of the 
Biddle family, John Craig’s only daughter having 
married in 1811 Nicholas Biddle, son of the distin- 
guished Revolutionary patriot. The Grecian archi- 
tecture of Girard College was inspired by Nicholas 
Biddle, as was also the Grecian front of Andalusia. 

Detour to Lower Dublin Academy.—Leave Bristol 
pike at Academy road (9.1 or 12.3), turning west. 
Fork 0.1, turn left on Willits Road. Entrance to 
Lower Dublin Public School, 0.2. The present build- 
ing was erected in 1808. The Lower Dublin Acad- 


emy grew out of the old log schoolhouse founded in 
1723 by Thomas Holme, William Penn’s Surveyor 
General, who left £4 to be used for school purposes! 
Stephen Decatur attended school in the original log 





RED LION INN, 1730—-ON THE BRISTOL PIKE 


house. Continue to 0.6, gateway entrance to estate 
of Murrell Dobbins. Ina grove behind this estate, 
is the grave and monument of Thomas Holme. 

Edwin Forrest Home, Holmesburg.—See Route 
24—Theatres and Actors of Olden Days. 

Detour to Frankford Arsenal.—Leave Frankford 
Avenue at Bridge Street, going east to main entrance, 
1.3.) ) see Routes 27: 

Detour to Stephen Decatur’s Old Home.—Leave 
Frankford Avenue at Church St., 0.0, turning west. 
Adams Ave. 0.2, turn right. Powder Mill Lane (Wingo- 
hocking St.) 0.3, turn left. At 1.1, Stephen Deca- 
tur’s Old Home, corner of N and Wingohocking Sts. 
Just beyond is the new Juniata Public Golf Links. 

Detour to Old Frankford.—Leave Frankford Ave- 
nue at Church St., 0.0, turning east. UnderR.R. 0.4. 
Tacony St. 0.5, turn left. At 0.6 Port Royal, now a 
tenement; built by Benjamin Stiles before the Revo- 
lution and named after his birthplace in Bermuda. 
Reverse on Tacony St. to 0.8, Waln Grove, first built 
about 1747; the plantation home of Robert Waln, a 
Philadelphia merchant. Reverse to Church St., 
turn left. At 1.1 turn diagonally right on Waln St. 
At 1.2 quaint stone Spring House School, built in 
1768; now a dwelling. On right, at Unity and Waln 
Sts., walled Quaker Meeting House, built 1775, but 
successor of the log Meeting House built in 1684. 
Turn left on Unity St., reaching Frankford Avenue 
at 1.4. See illustrations on page 295. 

Detour to Chalkley Hall.—Leaving Frankford Ave. 
at Butler St., turn east by side of R. R. bridge. 
Sepviva St. 1.5, turn left. At 1.7 cross Wheat Sheaf 
Lane into Plant No. 2, American Engineering Co. 
At 1.8 Chalkley Hall, now used for storage. The 
rear wing was built about 1723; the main house in 
1776. Thomas Chalkley, the first owner, was a rov- 
ing preacher among the early Friends. His daughter 
married Abel James, whose tea-ship Polly evoked an 
indignation meeting in the State House, October 16, 
1773, and caused staid Philadelphia to anticipate the 
Boston outbreak and tea-party. 

Detour to Cramp’s Shipyard.—Leave Frankford 
Ave. at East Norris St., turning east to 0.8, main 
entrance, E. Norris and Richmond Sts. See Route 14. 

Detour to Penn Treaty Park.—At Laurel Street 
Frankford Avenue joins Delaware Avenue. Com- 
ing to the city, reverse sharp left onto Delaware 
Avenue, at Laurel St., 0.0. At 0.2 keep right on 
Beach St. with R. R. At 0.3 Penn Treaty Park, 
Columbia Ave. and Beach St. See Routes 2 and 6. 

Delaware River Bridge.—The largest suspension 
bridge in the world; total length from Penn Street, 
Camden, to Franklin Square, Philadelphia, 1.81 m. 


308 


Route XI—Philadelphia 


Route XI—New York to Philadelphia 





Willits 


(via Trenton and Bristol) 


New York City, 42nd St. and Broadway. 
Trenton, N. J., Warren and State Sts. 
Bristol, Pa. 


Bristol, Pa., Mill St. 

Croydon; road being straightened. 

Bridge over Neshaminy Creek. 

Eddington (Left for Detour to Gun Club and 
State in Schuylkill). 5.4 Cornwall. 

Station Road, Andalusia. 

Red Lion Inn, 1730. 

Bridge over Poquessing Creek. 

Academy Road (Right for Detour to Lower 
Dublin Academy). 

General Wayne Hotel, right. 

Washington House, Holmesburg. 

Thomas Holmes Free Library, Holmesburg. 

Upper entrance to Edwin Forrest Home. 

Bridge St., Frankford, beginning of Frankford 
“L.”? (Left for Detour to Frankford Arsenal). 

Pratt St. (Right for Roosevelt Boulevard). 

No. 4335 Frankford Ave., Worrell House. 

Church St., Frankford, Tablet. (Right for De- 
tour to Stephen Decatur’s Home). (Left for 
Detour to Old Frankford). 

Butler St. (Left for Detour to Chalkey Hall). 

Cross E. Norris St. (Left for Detour to 
Cramp’s Shipyard). 

Diagonally right at Laurel St., onto Delaware 
Ave. (Left and north on Delaware Ave. for 
Detour to Penn Treaty Park). 

Under Delaware River Bridge at Vine St. 

Market St.; turn right. 

Cross Letitia St., on left. 
Penn’s Home, 1682. 

Cross S. Orianna St., left; arched courtway at 
Nos. 316-18 Market St., where Franklin 
lived, 1765-1790. 

Nos. 528-30 Market St., site of Washington’s 
Presidential Mansion, 1790-97. 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 





Location of William 


MONUMENT TO THOMAS HOLME 
In a grove behind the estate of Murrell Dobbins, 


Road, Holmesburg, is buried the man who planned 


Penn’s City and State. 


and the North, via Bristol 
Route XIR—Philadelphia to New York 


0.0 
0.7 


1.0 


igil 


(via Bristol and Trenton) 


PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, east side. 
east on Market St. 

Site of Washington’s Presidential Mansion, 
Nos. 528-30 Market St., 1790-97. 

Cross S. Orianna St., right; arched courtway 
at 320 Market St., where Franklin lived, 
1765-1790. 

Cross Letitia St., right. 
Penn’s Home, 1682. 
Delaware Ave., turn right, reversing immedi- 

ately for north on Delaware Ave. 

Under Delaware River Bridge at Vine St. 

Laurel St., diagonally left onto Frankford Ave. 
(Continue on Delaware Ave. for Detour to 
Penn Treaty Park). 

Cross E. Norris St. (Right for Detour to 
Cramp’s Shipyard). 

Butler St. (Right for Detour to Chalkley Hall). 

Church St., Frankford. Tablet (Left for De- 
tour to Stephen Decatur’s Home) (Right 
for Detour to Old Frankford). 

No. 4335 Frankford Ave., Worrell House. 

Pratt St. (Left for Roosevelt Boulevard). 

Bridge St., end of ‘“‘L’’ (Right for Detour to 
Frankford Arsenal). 

Entrance to Edwin Forrest Home. 

Washington House, Holmesburg. 

General Wayne Hotel, left. 

Academy Road (Left for Detour to Lower 
Dublin Academy). 

Bridge over Poquessing Creek. 

Red Lion Inn, 1730. 

Station Road, Andalusia. 

Eddington (Right for Detour to Gun Club and 
State in Schuylkill). 

Bridge over Neshaminy Creek. 

Croydon. 

Bristol, Pa., Mill St. 


Trenton, N. J., Warren and State Sts. 
New York, 42nd and Broadway. 


Go 


Location of William 








LOG SCHOOLHOUSE, HOLMESBURG 


Founded in 1723 by a legacy of Penn’s Surveyor Gen- 


eral, it grew to be the Lower Dublin Academy. 


It is 


now the janitor’s home. 


309 


Route XII—Philadelphia and the North, via Camden 


The highway to and from New York and northern New Jersey via Trenton and Camden will prove still 


more attractive on the opening of the Delaware River Bridge. 


Along this highway are historic Bordentown 


and Burlington, the latter antedating Philadelphia in its founding. In passing through Camden, a city now 
of great industrial importance, opportunity offers to visit the home and the grave of Walt Whitman, apostle 


and pioneer of democracy in poetry. 


Route XII—New York to Philadelphia 


(via Trenton, Burlington, and Camden) 


0.0 New York City, 42nd St. and Broadway. 
63.6 Trenton, N. J., Warren and State Sts. 


0.0 Trenton, N. J., Broad and State Sts. 
7.1 Bordentown, Park St. and Farnsworth Ave. 





16.7 Burlington, Broad and High Sts. 

33.3. Fork; turn left and right onto Market St., 
Camden. ° 

33.7. 7thand Market Sts. (Left for Detour to Walt 
Whitman’s Tomb). 

33.8 Broadway and Market Sts., Camden County 


Court House. 

3rd and Market Sts. (Left for Detour to Walt 
Whitman’s Home). 

Ferry across Delaware River. 
Market St., Philadelphia. 

City Hall, PHILADELPHIA. 


=) 


34.1 
34.5 Continue on 


35.8 





Camden, N. J.—A flourishing industrial city, Cam- 
den is the home of the Victor Talking Machine Com- 
pany, Campbell Soup Company, New York Ship 
Building Company, and over 400 other manufactories, 
including the largest steel pen plant in the world. 
Population, 116,000. Excepting the “bridge trains” 
from Broad Street Station, Philadelphia, Camden is 
the starting point of all seashore trains. 

Detour to Walt Whitman’s Home.—Leave Market 
St., Camden, turning south on Third St., 0.0. Mickle 
St. 0.2, turn left. At 0.3 No. 330 Mickle St., Tablet: 
“Here lived the ‘Good Gray Poet’ Walt Whitman 
from 1884 to the date of his death March 26, 1892. 
This house is now owned and dedicated by the city 


Route XIIr—Philadelphia to New York 


(via Camden, Burlington, and Trenton) 


0.0 PHILADELPHIA, City Hall, east side. 

0.7 (Midway between Sixth and Fifth Sts., if pres- 
ent plans carry, a new Bridge Boulevard will 
lead to the approach to the Delaware River 
Bridge at Sixth and Race Streets. Turning 
left here will make this the Delaware Bridge 
Route). 

1.3 Market St. Ferry across Delaware River. 
Continue from Ferry on Market St., Camden, 
NA: 

1.7 3rd and Market Sts. (Right for Detour to 
Walt Whitman’s Home). 

2.0 Broadway and Market Sts., Camden County 
Court House. 

2.1 7th and Market Sts. (Right for Detour to 
Walt Whitman’s Tomb). 

2.9 (15th St., Penn Street boulevard approach to 
Delaware River Bridge planned to begin 
here). 

3.8 5 corners; turn left onto Westfield Ave. 

19.2 Burlington, Broad and High Sts. 
28.8 Bordentown. 
35.9 Trenton, N. J., Broad and State Sts. 


99.5 New York City, 42nd St. and Broadway. 


- se 


of Camden to the memory of its famous citizen.”’ 

Detour to Walt Whitman’s Tomb.—Leave Market 
St., Camden, at 7th St., turning south, 0.0. At 0.1, 
diagonally left onto Haddon Ave. Entrance to Har- 
leigh Cemetery 1.9. Turn immediately left and im- 
mediately right, Walt Whitman’s Tomb 2.0. 











WALT WHITMAN'S HOME, CAMDEN, N. J. 


WALT WHITMAN’S TOMB, HARLEIGH CEMETERY 


310 


BULLETIN FOR AUTO-TOURISTS 


PACE will not permit giving here a complete digest of the Pennsylvania Motor Law, but 
this may readily be obtained from automobile clubs, tourist guide books, and many other 
sources. Important points to observe are: Speed limit, 30 miles per hour, except at ‘“‘Danger 
Run Slow” signs: glaring headlights are forbidden; when two vehicles approach an inter- 
section together, that coming from the right has the right of way. Light signals (Red for 
“Stop,” Green for “‘Go,”’ White for “Left Turn’’) will be found at many intersections, both 
in and out of the city, usually suspended high above the centre of the intersection, but often, 
especially in the city, high and at one side. Within the city motorists should be on the alert 
for such signals, also for ‘‘One Way Street” signs (very frequent), and for ‘‘No Left Turn’”’ 
signs. 

Nothing is being left undone to insure the comfort of the many thousands of motorists 
who will journey from all parts of the United States and Canada to the Sesqui-Centennial 
International Exposition. Great tourist camps are being provided, additional garages, 
permanent as well as temporary, are being erected, and virtually the entire eastern half of 
the country is being remapped for the benefit of the auto-tourist. 

One large tourist camp alone is to occupy sixty acres. It is to be located within the 
city limits and close enough to the exposition site to be convenient. Supply stores and booths 
are to be erected on the tract, and there will be an assembly centre, recreation spaces, an 
athletic field, shower baths, and ample modern sanitary conveniences. A sub-committee 
of the Sesqui-Centennial Automobile Traffic Committee is now selecting sites for smaller 
camps to be located in other parts of the city. Special arrangements are being made to insure 
the safety of all machines left at these camps while their owners are visiting the exposition 
or on shopping tours. 

The 2000 public garages in Philadelphia will of course be inadequate, but many others 
are being erected by private capital. Those proving worthy will receive official recognition 
from the exposition authorities, the chief purpose being to recommend the best to visitors, 
assuring them that they will receive proper treatment. 

Near the exposition grounds great parking spaces are to be provided, with a capacity 
of more than 50,000 automobiles. <A special police guard will be on duty here at all hours. 
The exposition authorities plan to be able to assure all persons making use of the parking 
privileges that their machines, accessories, equipment, and other property left in them will 
be as immune from theft as if locked in a safe deposit vault. 

The remapping plan is perhaps the most extensive ever undertaken for a special occasion. 
This great task has been assumed by the National Highways Association, which is obtaining 
from the highway departments of nineteen eastern states all of the accurate road data that 
they have been years in assembling. With this material the Association plans to prepare a 
group of the most accurate road maps ever developed for the territory; with the assistance 
of all motor clubs in the region the most authentic information obtainable with respect to 
landmarks, distances, and road conditions will be included in the maps. The location of all 
public garages and service stations will also be marked. For detailed information apply to: 

KEYSTONE AUTOMOBILE CLUB, Hotel Walton, Broad and Walnut Streets. 

AUTOMOBILE CLUB OF PHILADELPHIA, No. 23 South 23rd Street. 





me zie Rieter ¥ me me Sst 


OLDEST SOCIAL CLUB IN AMERICA—STATE IN SCHUYLKILL, EDDINGTON, ON THE DELAWARE 
311 


General Plan of the Exposition Grounds 

















PACKER 


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be 
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@ 
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ad 


RESERVE BASIN 





THE SESQUI-CENTENNIAL INTERNATIONAL 
EXPOSITION—PHILADELPHIA, 1926 


ee June 1st until December 1st, 1926, Philadelphia will be the scene of a great com- 
memorative festival planned to mark the 150th anniversary of the adoption of the 
Declaration of Independence. 

The Sesqui-Centennial International Exposition is under the leadership of Mayor W. 
Freeland Kendrick, president; Ernest T. Trigg, vice-president; and Colonel David C. Collier, 
director general, who was Commissioner General for the United States at the Brazil Centenary 
Exposition held at Rio Janeiro in 1923. 

The exposition will be a World’s Fair larger in area than any previously held in this 
country. It is to occupy the entire 670 acres of League Island Park in South Philadelphia. 
It will open with more than 100 buildings housing industrial, historical, agricultural, and 
mineralogical exhibits from all parts of the globe. The Palace of Liberal Arts, covering nine 
acres, now under construction, will be completed in 75 working days. One of the four great 
structures which will form the nucleus of the exposition will cover 19 acres. Wartime methods 
of construction are being employed by the entire engineering forces of the city to complete 
the buildings in record time. Various States and foreign governments are pushing plans for 
scores of smaller buildings. The central buildings will flank a spacious court, 1400 feet long, 
which, according to architectural plans, will be a boulevard of beauty. A stadium with a 
seating capacity of 125,000 is fast rising on the grounds. Immediately outside, parking 
space is being provided for 50,000 automobiles. 

The keynote of the exposition will be found in its portrayal of the progress of an age 
unprecedented in the march of human advancement. For diversity of achievements and 
immensity of enterprise the past generation has never been equaled. In big things and little, 
the exposition will reflect the age of the telephone and the radio, the automobile and the 
airplane, the electric light and the dynamo. 

Throughout the period of the exposition great historical pageants and athletic events 
will be held in the stadium. Important historic events of the Revolutionary period will be 
staged with great attention to costumes and to detail. Important collegiate football games, 
it is expected, will be held in the huge bowl as well as amateur athletic games, rivaling the 
Olympics. 

The amusement centre of the exposition will be known as the “‘“Gladway.’’ It will include 
130 acres. Venetian gondolas in gayest colors, and fifty business-like motor launches will 
carry pleasure-seekers over the lakes and lagoons. An accurate reproduction of Solomon’s 
Temple in the days of its glory will cover a tract of 23 acres. A Tyrolean mountain scene 
will provide background for some of the main buildings. 

The Philadelphia Navy Yard with its huge aircraft factory and airdrome will be the 
centre of great aeronautical contests and an aerial exposition to be held in connection with 
the fair. Almost daily airplane squadrons will fly to the exposition from Selfridge Field, 
Michigan; Langley Field, Virginia; Boling Field, Washington, D. C.; and Mitchel Field, 
New York. It is planned to hold here the annual speed contest between the crack fliers of 
the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps. 

League Island Park, where the exposition is to be held, is only seven minutes from the 
heart of Philadelphia by automobile. 

The background of the exposition will of course be old Philadelphia, with its historic 
byways and boulevards. Historical interest will naturally centre around Independence 
Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on July 4, 1776. The Liberty 
Bell, on view in this building, is expected to attract many thousands of visitors to the nation’s 
shrine. Estimates show that possibly 50,000,000 persons will attend during the six months 
that the fair is open. 


313 


List of Illustrations 





Page 
A Colonial Cornfield on the Wissahickon. Frontispiece in Color 
Independence Hall—Birthplace of the Nation............. 2 
The Liberty Bell 2 caaetoe eae a ae eee 5 
Philadelphia and the Parkway from the Air............ Se 6 
Broad and Walnut Streets Looking North................. 8 
City Hall‘Towerat-Night}.52 eo oe eee eee ee ere 10 
New Philadelphia Museum of Art.. A Sete Pak 
Municipal Pier No. 84, Foot of Porter Street..........-.... 12 
The Rising Old City Across Rittenhouse Sqitare-ee soe 13 
‘The. Delaware: River pridge:..- aasce aati eaean eerie 14 
New Two Million Dollar Overbrook Senior chee School. . 16 
The New Free Library of Philadelphia. . ea Fnros ee ME 
The Coming Pennsylvania Passenger Permindt 0 ce oe 18 
New Colossal Municipal Stadium........................ 19 
Old iSwedes’-Church,:1700: >. cose ene sees cen 21 
Swanson Tombstone—Old Swedes’ Church............... 23 
Early, “Americanization”, Paperse.ae. cies a ele eeiiet) acters 23 
Swedish Houses on Queen Street........................ 25 
John=Printz; Governor at Dinicume yee ae eee ee 25 
QueeniChristina of Sweden yo. 252-1.. eae cs arene eee 25 
Big-Eyed-Angels—Old Swedes’ Church.................. 26 
Site of the Swedish Governor’s Mansion, 1643............ 27 
Swedish Log Cabin, Darby Creek, 1698................... 28 
Rear View of John Morton’s Birthplace. . Seen 20 
Cobb’s Creek Dam—Site of Swedish Watermill, 1644-6 29 
Swedish Type of Log Farmhouse................-....--- 30 
St. James Church, Kingsessing, West Philadelphia......... 31 
Dr. ‘Charles, JscStill6s sateen a aves seraere telecine eke ater ee 32 
The Founder of Pennsylvania—Penn in Armor’’.......... 33 
Successor of the Blue*Anchor lin]... 4.052. s eee eee 35 
Penn Treaty Monument, Shackamaxon................... 35 
The Calder Statue:of Penn 69-3) ee ee ee 36 
Penn's’ First Home: injAmerica. 2-1 teen eee eee 37 
Penn's: Razors iid cacta eines soe ie seo rae eee eer 38 
William Penn; Quakers: oo. ee eee a eee 39 
Wynnstay—Built:in 16900) Oe 2s. as eter isie anothers 39 
The Famous Wampum Belt... cee eee oe erect 39 
Penn’ s Secretary sicicie csc tetspis.s oka ercienerste tc siete ebsites woken 40 
Site of the Home of the Founder of Germantown.......... 41 
Doorway of No. 25 High Streetan..77 eee eee 41 
A Pastorius Home, 1796 41 
Thones Kunder’s House.. 43 
Keyser House, 1 738i sas aso: suron so ele ole seneinte Gieeterara tore 44 
Pastorius Monument, Vernon Park...................... 45 
Lower Burying Ground, Germantown.................... 45 
Wyck—Oldest House in Germantown, 1690............... 47 
Site of Rittenhouse Mill, Germantown, 1690.............. 49 
Merion Meeting House, 1695.......................-0-- 50 
Interior of Old Swedes’ Church, 1700.................... 50 
Christ: Church sa: 3hn <0 ot es ee eee ne eee 51 
Friends’ Arch Street Meeting House..................... 53 
St. Michael-Zion German Lutheran Church............... 54 
Interior of Christ;Churchs-s)..7, eee eee ee 55 
First: PresbyterianjChurchs. .. sce eee 57 
First: Baptist ‘Chureh eS mraccaios no tiara oe te Ye 
St. Michael’s Church, Germantown...................... 57 
Church of the Brethren, Germantown.................... 57 
St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church..................... 57 
Mikve Israel Synagoeues coe ee eee 57 
St. Mary’s Roman:Catholic Church.................-...- 58 
St. Augustine’s Roman Catholic Church.................. 58 
St. George’s Methodist Church, -..--:...0.. sat ssn oe ee 59 
St. Peter’s Protestant Episcopal Church.................. 60 
St: Paul’s Church [te eon cticees ene ea eae ee 60 
Mennonite Meeting House, Germantown................. 61 
‘Trinity Church, Oxford oe ee eee 63 
Market Square Church, Germantowa.................... 64 
Stenton—Built by James Logan in 1728.................. 65 
Wister House, Germantown 744— 4) np ee one eee oe 67 
Woodford—Oldest Mansion in Fairmount Park............ 68 
Interior of Belmont) Mansion, 745.400-.00. 2) ee oe eee 69 
Whitby Hall, Haverford sees. sae eee 70 
John Bartram’s House, Kingsessing, 1731................ 71 
American Indian Chief—Portrait by Peale................ 73 
Penn ‘Treaty Parkes: 2 ee eet ee eee 75 
Monolith to the Lenni Lenape Indians................... 75 
West’s ‘‘Penn’s Treaty with the Indians”................ 76 
Burial Ground of the Indian Chief Tamenend............. 79 
“Franklin in 1723’’—By R. Tait McKenzie............... 81 
Franklin’s Library —Founded.1731 3.25..52.5.0 400500 as0 83 
Franklin’s Electrical Machine. ei ia eee 84 
American Philosophical Society—Founded 1743........... 85 
Signers’ Chair and Table, Independence Hall............. 87 
Franklin: at Sixty-one= < 22S. ,50 on eee ee ee eee 87 
At; Workion the Declaration: (7.2.0.0 eae ee eee 87 
Boyle’s Statue-of Franklin]: uc 2202 oe eee ane 88 
Franklin Institute—Built in 18255.) 5... 2 eee 89 
Franklin Court—Drawing by Frank H. Taylor............. 90 
Franklin’s \Grave:...i0¢ chs sclom eae cei een nee ae ean 91 
Franklin’s Composing/Stick--5. orto eee ere 92 








Page 
“Lansdowne’’ Washington—By Gilbert Stuart............ 93 
Scene of Washington’s ‘Farewell Address’’............... 95 
Washington’s Desk (./5..¢..des ore ate ee ee 96 
Independence Chamber—Independence Hall.............. 97 
Washington’s Pew in Christ Church>)..-.... 2+ eee 98 
Interior’of ‘Carpenters’ Hall. 3.2.5 .2.2 +05 cane ee 99 
Old Zion Lutheran Church, December 26, 1799........... 100 
Where Stuart Painted the Athenaeum Portrait............ 100 
Washington’s ‘‘Presidential Mansion’”’................... 101 
Betsy Ross House, No. 239 Arch Street.................. 102 
Morris House, Germantown. . icc. .5 1 as ee 103 
Chew Mansion, Germantown—Washington’s Battleground. 105 
Blue Bell Inny'1766. foo ccc cee noe 01s ba dele eee 105 
Washington Memorial Chapel, Valley Forge.............. 106 
The National Memorial, Valley Forge.................... 107 
Valley Forge Entrenchments in Winter Time.............. 108 
Washington’s Headquarters at Valley Forge.............. 111 
Lafayette’s Headquarters, Valley Forge................... 112 
Washisicton Inn, Valley Forge..:...-.. 2 een 113 
King of Prussia Inn, 1769.) 05,5...) 0 -tne eee 113 
Soldiers’ Hut, Valley Forge..........0...08 eee eee 114 
Doorway of the Chew House, Germantown............... 115 
The Woodlands, West Philadelphia, 1770................. 117 
Laurel Hill, Hunting Park Avenues...) o.2-)ee eee 118 
Mt. Pleasant, East Fairmount Park, 1761................ 119 
The Johnson Bullet-Riddled Fence, Germantown.......... 120 
Carlton—The Plantation of Roxborough.................. 121 
Carpenters’ Hall, 1770—Founded 1724................... 123 
Charles Thomson—By Charles Willson Peale............. 124 
‘The Lane: to, Harriton. :% 95..520 seen ducts: eer 124 
Harriton, Bryn: Mawr, 1704... | 3. waeipleo 
Grave of Charles Thomson, Laurel Hill.................. 126 
Congress Hall—Rear Doors... 2-2 nee 127 
Congress Hall—Main Entrance................+ss0s+-08 127 
Mill Ruin'on Old Gulph Roads... eee 128 
Robert Morris—By Charles Willson Peale................ 129 
Caricature of Robert Morris...) oo ae eee 131 
The ‘‘Angel House’”’ at Harmonville..................... 132 
Bank of North America—Chartered 1781................. 133 
First United States Bank; 1795...) ee eee eee 134 
The Rittenhouse Clock at Drexel Institute................ 137 
David Rittenhouse (1732-1796)|...).. 00) erento 138 
First, United States' Mint, 1792.75... = eee 140 
Rittenhouse’s ‘“‘Orrery’’—University of Pennsylvania...... 141 
Birthplace of David Rittenhouse......................... 142 
Rittenhouse’s Grave—Laurel Hill............ wet Sees 143 
Country Home of Provost Smith?,)..).. 2 eee 144 
Norriton Presbyterian’ Church.2... ..).. se eee ee 144 
Schuylkill River at Market Street........................ 145 
Fitch’s First Passenger Steamboat....................... 145 
A Relic of the First Steamboat. 25)... 30 eee ee 145 
Robert Fulton’s Philadelphia Home...................... 146 
From Fitch’s MS. Books in the Ridgway Library.......... 147 
Robert Fulton’s Portrait in Independence Hall 
Cramp’s Shipyard on the Delaware...................... 
Presbyterian Church of Neshaminy...................... 
Benjamin West (1738-1820)—By Matthew Pratt.......... 151 
Mrs. Benjamin West—By Matthew Pratt 
West’s ‘“‘Christ Healing the Sick”................ 
West’s ‘Death on the Pale Horse”... ....5....555..0. 000 
Birthplace of Benjamin West. ~.).-100 eee eee 
Dormitory Terrace—University of Pennsylvania, 1925...... 157 
The Original College Building, 1740..................... 157 
“Presidential Mansion” on Ninth Street, 1802-1829....... 159 
The Forerunner of Penn Charter, 1745-1867.............. 161 
The New William Penn Charter School at Germantown.... 161 
Episcopal Academy, 178520... «101s oss seer re 162 
The New Episcopal Academy at Overbrook............... 162 
First Philadelphia Central High School................... 162 
New Central High School Building, 1900................. 162 
Germantown Academy: . 2.20.55)... 0. eee 163 
University of Pennsylvania from the Air.................. 164 
The First Medical School in America, 1925............... 167 
First Medical School in America, 1765................... 167 
College of Physicians—Founded 1787.................... 169 
Interior of Library—Pennsylvania Hospital............... 170 
The Pennsylvania Hospital—Founded 1754............... 171 
Home of’ Dr. Caspar Wistar.) 222 sac ee eee eee 171 
Home of Dr. Philip Syng Physick.....................5.. 171 
Dr. Benjamin Rush—Physician and Patriot............... 172 
Jefferson Medical College—Founded 1824................ 173 
Dr. D. Hayes Agnew at a Clinic—By Thomas Eakins...... 175 
State House Row, Philadelphia.......................-- 176 
The Declaration of Independence........................ 177 
Where the Declaration was Written..................... 179 
Thomas Jefferson—Contemporary Portrait............... 179 
James Wilson—First University Professor of Law......... 180 
The First Law School in the United States..........:..... 181 


314 


List of [llustrations 


Page 
Oldest Law Library in the United States................. 181 
PING SI EAWaL DIAL Ve scl fe ck felons. fasta eh syohapesee Weis ippeile.i® 182 
Penn’s Great “‘Charter of Privileges,’’ 1701............... 182 
SOMTIC Om hao anette tern crise he canes cat's oh dereusieliess eevee as 183 
The Morris House, 1786—By Frank H. Taylor............ 185 
Lewis-Fisher-Wharton House, 1795. ...........-..+0+0+ 186 
Sweet Briar, Vansdowne Drive, 1797......6...0.0ccee---s 187 
Doorway of the Stamper House, 1768...............+++-5 188 
PENG VANS HOUSE, LV ODt cis circ so eirisce a pms seen options esos ouahs 188 
Upsdlas Germantown; L798 20 inc. ogc cee sn eieitiesee seo 189 
Loudoun, Germantown, L800. occ eee ee ee ee as 191 
Vernon Mansion, Vernon Park, Germantown, 1803........ 193 
Morris House Doorway, 1772, Germantown.............- 193 
Stuart Corner in the Academy of Fine Arts............... 194 
Founder of the Oldest Art Academy in America........... 195 
Fannie Kemble—By Thomas Sully....................-. 197 
PRemi DEAT i CALC aakttin.s aiciann otssieapletln ciate. o o1e wycteleiaudian so @in Ines 197 
Sully in His Old Age—By Henry Inman.................. 199 
Gilbert Stuart at Seventy—By John Neagle............... 199 
First Native Born American Sculptor....................- 201 
Masterpiece of William Rush.................--0e ee eeee Zo 
Interior of the Academy of Fine Arts..................++. 202 
Doorway of Avondale—Home of Thomas Leiper.......... 203 
Bittig’s Bas-Relief in Broad Street Station................ 204 
Interior of the Baldwin Locomotive Works................ 205 
Pe ea GiINes Lennala cree nce 5 sishelens iiape v8.35 annie ws 28 206 
The Bull’s Head Tavern—By Frank H. Taylor............ 207 
Courtyard of the Bull’s Head Tavern..................... 207 
heunchued, Plane-at Belmont... 02.5 ...065 6 5 ennce wo sesie aes 208 
Thirteenth and Market Streets in 1876...................- 208 
PANU Ale UMNO maracas oral 2 ak eet susig vista ale suorsleue SHeraiorace) este 209 
Lapidea—Scene of First Railroad in Pennsylvania......... 211 
PaWweosenalroad Monument... . c.c:c cists cscs a eels wees 212 
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Station.................-..-. 212 
Statue and Sarcophagus of Stephen Girard............... 213 
New Girard Group of Municipal Piers................... 215 
Girard College—Founded 1831..................-0.005- 216 
Facade of Girard Statue, City Hall Plaza................ 217 
Re wrisand FM ATIMNOUSE «c)c's. cscs eclele e+ os idsisavels soreletewelsienie 218 
BUSTY OM GaITAL LSC HOO ciritey close ate. scaratioue le paico.6 «1c wiacsisele; ecslleuo XA wneyats 218 
Pinon Heat. COGALCTOLL. jar since ccc srateate so costeln in ete eld oetiare 219 
Castle Rocks, West Chester Pike............. 0.0.0.0 eue 221 
Old Public School, Unionville... .. 2.0.0... cece tee 223 
Mamestreet, Unionville 8 cto nae scene eee es ence wines 223 
Bayard Laylor’s Knapsack 2.5 0. cee stein dee cere ee es 224 
Oldetnnn Unionville ol 734 oo 1x eel ceiecs tava sae os esis oho este loiels 224 
Bayard Taylor’s Study at Cedarcroft..................... 225 
Pormreriy the Red Vion Inn 3 sf s pers <e:5 ole nie oe wielsiere 226 
Grave of Bayard Taylor, Longwood Cemetery............. 227, 
Kennett Square Meeting House......................45- 228 
The @ldvarch otrect, Dieatre oc wicie csie eee eevee aes 229 
Old Chestnut Street Theatre in 1855..................... 230 
OA EWialnistis reels LNCALL Cece ec feie erencielele is aod spererg aleve. sects Zo 
(Bicthplace of) Joseph Jeflerson. .. 0... 2. eee ce eens a 232 
Edwin Forrest Home for Actors, Holmesburg............. 233 
Edwin Forrest’s. Philadelphia Home...................... 234 
Charles Brockden Brown—First American Novelist ....... 235 
“Pherlbast rromerotRebecea yc. clears viele sieina oles tune le leus ast 237 
Rowelvsitoneymioon Hotel)... 2. cic fete ance tn ae anaes 237 
“Franklin at Home’””—By Henry Bacon.................. 238 
Poe wmeeiiladelphia LOMe woes ace hose: oper Tee ales ems els wee 238 
Seventh and Brandywine Streets..................002005 238 
PEE Godirey WM abta HOUSE 51010. soreteieyes «is cle wee ein piel miele 239 
Prati taist SpE PitaA DI ieee aie sed tere cets «oie iene wks perenne 240 
A Dickens’ Manuscript—“Our Mutual Friend”........... 240 
Poe’s MS. of the ‘““Murders in the Rue Morgue’’.......... 242 
Frank Stockton’s Grave, Woodland’s Cemetery........... 242 
MNT ORTI GREET Ob se Rccrerccatecescrc cierto haiimiahea des ausiereltue anglais aisgene 243 
NET TaL OTIC GLO Lar tie tr ctere tate ahe (ele eh eutys ct oon A ia elon ane ehodeiare alata laos 243 
MARC SUIS AVULE einai tts ls tse e msrcte saa Pes aes ies eis eulelelens) 243 
Philadelphia at Work—Drawing by Frank H. Taylor....... 245 


Page 
Scroll of the ‘“‘Hand-in-Hand’’ Company................. 247 
The Oldest Firemark in America, 1752................... 247 
The First Green Tree Fire Mark, 1784................... 247 
Kranklin’s: Printings bresss etn tae ie airs, hse els wo nele tae Aue 249 
“Public Ledger and North American” Press ............. 249 
Hirst. Bank of North Americas 17S]. 0 ceacs ee acs. cece eases 2D1 
itlesPagerof the Sower, Bibles 1743 secu ome ai os aie oe 251 
Old Landreth Nurseries, 1788-1847..................... DOS 
Yoke of Liberty Bell—Bored with a Pugh Bit............. 254 
United States Navy Yard, League Island................. 256 
The Modern Betsy Ross at Work on “Old Glory”......... 257 
Gateway to the Schuyl‘till Arsenal, 1799.................. 258 
United States Mint—Established 1792................... 259 
United) StatessPost/Omices. simu eet aoe ee ets ine elas ase 260 
United*States \Customibtousem ease eee nee ees 261 
City Hall Square as it Looked July 4, 1812............... 262 
The ‘‘City Hall” as it Looked in 1682................0...- 262 
Boot of Market:Street in 1890.00.00 jcc. sec ce ees 264 
Market Street at Second in 1709........................ 265 
Corn Exchange National Bank. : 20. .... 0.000 s ecw nannee 266 
Delaware River Bridge from the Camden Side............ 267 
Penn Treaty Elm at Shackamaxon...................... 268 
Memorial Hall—West Fairmount Park................... 269 
TheParkway, ateLogan Circletacs aces os te en So moet 270 
The Crossing at Broad and Chestnut Streets.............. 272 
The Union*Uedguersacnen tester eo coat cutee oe ac eorie cimeree 275 
Masonic: leniple se: wetter ce tae teem tina ee ee 6 277 
Broad Street Station—Pennsylvania Railroad............. 277 
Commercial Museum—First in the United States.......... 279 
Gravelof Betsy Ross, Mt: Moriahi. 0.0... 65446006 eos 281 
Overbrook;ochool forthe Blind se. an aereer 281 
Museum of Science and Art—University of Pennsylvania.. 282 
St2David’s.Church Radnor-s aca e sence 284 
General Warren Tavern, Malvern........................ 248 
Overhanging Rock, Old Gulph Road.............../..... 287 
Birthplace of General Anthony Wayne................... 288 
Valley Creek Road, Valley Forge....................00-- 289 
‘Erappe- Lutheran: Church > 1743 ooo ss tetelei seen ceieiieras 290 
Mill Grove—Early Home of Audubon.................... 290 
Washington Inn (1747) and Chester Court House (1724)... 292 
The Spot in Chester where Penn First Landed............ 292 
Robinson House, Naamans-on-Delaware (1654) .......... 294 
Old Swedes’ Church, Wilmington, 1698.................. 294 
Caleb Pusey House, Upland, 1683....................... 294 
A Bit lof; Old’ Frankford eens hoc oe teiere thera oe arene aie 295 
Chalkley Hall—near Wheat Sheaf Lane.................. 295 
Stephen Decatur’s Home, Frankford..................... 295 
Lafayette’s Headquarters at Chadd’s Ford............... 296 
Brandywine Monument to Lafayette..................... 296 
Onithe Brandywine jr. eee cst at dah oe even nee 297 
The Highlands—Built near Skippack Road in 1796........ 299 
Garden Gate of the Devereux House.................... 299 
Devereux House, near Camp Hill........................ 299 
Hope Lodge, Bethlehem Pike, 1721...................... 301 
Graeme Park—Mansion of Sir William Keith............. 302 
Historical Museum, Doylestown ........................ 303 
The Ivy, 4682—Old! York Road iy cca: siesiels acre ereros ceeicleieusts 303 
Stenton—An Early Colonial Country Seat.................. 304 
Willow Grove fromthe Air... nose umicceec eclosion e 304 
Buckingham Meeting House—Old York Road............ 305 
Church of the New Jerusalem, Bryn Athyn............... 306 
Andalusia—Home of the Biddle Family.................. 307 
Red Lion Inn, 1730—On the Bristol Pike .................. £08 
Monument to Thomas Holme®z..220 1s ee eae elie eles 309 
Log School House, Holmesbtrgecene + oe an seen aerators 309 
Walt Whitman’s Home, Camden, N, J,..................... 310 
Walt Whitman’s Tomb, Harleigh Cemetery ............... 310 
“Castle” of the State in Schuylkill, Eddington............ 311 
Ground Plan of the Sesqui-Centennial International Expo- 
SHLOT een e sacs oS ae ceo eORR a Pollolelc teva: wnsl ah oseffelle lyehemarancucionats 312 
Map of Highway Routes—To and From Philadelphia....... 319 
Map of Philadelphia—Central Section............. 320 





RIDGWAY BRANCH OF THE PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY COMPANY 
BROAD AND CHRISTIAN STREETS 


315 


Abington Presbyterian Church, 303, 304 

pond ccd and College of Philadelphia, 158, 
172 

Academy of Fine Arts, account of, 196, 
277; ‘‘Lansdowne’’ Washington, 98, 
100; paintings by West, 152; portrait 
of West, 151; portraits of actors, 232 

Academy of Music, 232, 273 

Academy of Natural Sciences, 271 

Adams, John, 87, 116, 118, 119, 128 

Agnew, Dr. D. Hayes, 174 

Alcott, Bronson, 160; Louisa M., 160, 240 

“American Homes, Some Early,’’ Route 
19, 183 

American Philosophical Society, 86, 138, 
182, 274 

American play, first, 232, 240, 264 

Andalusia, 308 

André, Major, 232, 284 

Angel House, 130, 136, 290 

Aquarium, 270 

Arch Street Meeting House, 52, 56, 276 

Arnold, Benedict, 118, 270 

Arsenal, Frankford, 261, 308 

Art Museum, Philadelphia, 202, 270, 291 

Atheneum portrait of Washington, painted 
in Germantown, 100, 279 

Audubon, John James, 290 

Augustus Lutheran Church, Trappe, 290 

“Autobiography,” Franklin’s, 92, 236 

Automobile Club of Philadelphia, 311 

Auto Tourists) Bulletin of Information for, 
al 

Avondale, 210, 212, 228, 296 


Babylonian Collection, 166, 282 

Baldwin Locomotive Works, 204, 206, 212, 
278, 293 

Baltimore Pike, 296 

Baptist Church, First, 52 

Baptist Temple, 278 

Barry, Commodore, 58 

Bartram’s Home and Garden, 30, 72, 104, 
281, 292 

Belmont Mansion, 40, 70, 102, 122, 190, 270 

Bethlehem Pike, 00 

Betsy Ross, grave of, 104, 281 

Betsy Ross House, 92, 98, 132, 276 

‘Betsy Ross,’”’ modern, 257, 258 

Billmeyer House, 48, 100, 102, 280, 300 

Bittig’s bas-relief, Broad St. Station, 204 

Blockhouse, Swedish, 292 

Blue Anchor Inn, 36, 78, 265 

Blue Bell Tavern, 104, 281 

Bourse, Philadelphia, 276 

Brandywine Battlefield, 296 

Brandywine, battle of, 104, 122, 224 

Breck, Samuel, 136, 190, 208, 210 

Brick house, first, 40 

Bristol, 308; Bristol Pike, 308 

Broad Street Station, 204, 271, 277, 282 

Brown, Charles Brockden, 236 

Be Church of the New Jerusalem, 

Bryn Mawr College, 114, 286 

Bucks County Historical Society, Museum 
of, 80, 302 

Bulletin of Information for Auto-Tourists, 


312 
Bullet-riddled fence, 120, 122 
Bull’s Head Tavern, 206 
Byberry farms, and hospital, 307 


Camac Street, 263 

Camden, 310 

Camp Hill, 300 

Camp Schoolhouse, Valley Forge, 114 

Cannon Ball Farm, 26 

Carlton, 122, 188 

Carpenters’ Hall, 88, 96, 126, 275 

Castle Rocks, 222, 296, 298 

Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul, 271 

Caves in river banks, 42 

Cedarcroft, 226, 298 

Centenary Firms, complete list of, 255 

Centenary Firms and Corporations of the 
United States, Association of, 254 

Central High School, 140, 158, 160, 240, 278 

Chadd’s Ford, 228, 291, 297 

Chalfont, 80, 302 

Chalkley Hall, 308 

Chamber of Commerce, Philadelphia, 15 

Chew House, 102, 120, 300 

Childs Collection of Manuscripts, 242, 282 

Christ Church, 52, 60, 96, 136, 276 

Christ Church graveyard, 62 

“Christ Healing the Sick,’’ 156, 198 











General Index 


Christina, Queen, 24, 32, 265 

Church of the Brethren, 48, 52, 64, 252, 300 

‘‘Churches, The Ancient,’’ Route 4, 52 

City Hall, account of, 263, 282; Baldwin 
statue, 204; bronze tablet, south side, 22; 
Girard statue, 214; Law Library, 178; 
Law Courts, 178; Penn statue, by 
Calder, 34; tower, 263, 268; Washington 
statue, 94 

Clinton Street, 188, 264 

Clock House, 308 

Cobb’s Creek dam, 281, 293 

Cobb’s Creek Parkway, 280, 281 

College of Physicians, 168 

“Colonial Homes, Some Early,’’ Route 5, 65 

Commercial Museum, 282 

Concord School, Germantown, 280, 300 

Congress Hall, account of, 274; balance 
wheel from first steamboat, 148; Wash- 
ington in, 94, 96; Robert Morris, 130 

Continental Congress, 88, 96, 126, 128 

Corinthian Yacht Club, 26 

Corn Exchange National Bank, 266, 275, 
282 

Court House, Chester, 292 

Cramp’s Shipyard, 148, 150, 308 

Crum Creek Canal, 212 

Cullin, Dr. Nicholas, tablet to, 24 

Cunard, Sir Samuel, 44, 279 

Custom House, account of, 261, 
mileage to, 261 


Davis, Richard Harding, 166, 236 

Dawesfield, 300 

“Death on the Pale Horse,’’ 152, 198 

Decatur, Stephen, 60, 276; home, 308 

Declaration of Independence, 86, 177, 182, 
276 

Delaware River Bridge, 267, 308 

Detours: to Angel House, Harmonville, 290; 
to Audubon’s early home, 290; to Avon- 
dale, 296; to Bartram’s Garden, 292; to 
birthplace of Anthony Wayne, 288; to 
birthplace of John Morton, 292; to 
birthplace of Benjamin West, 296; to 
Brandywine Battlefield, 296; to Bryn 
Athyn, 306; to Bryn Mawr College, 286; 
to Bucks County Historical Society 
Museum, 302; to Caleb Pusey House, 
Upland, 292; to Camp Hill, and 
Devereux House, 300; to Cedarcroft, 
296; to Chalkley Hall, 308; to Cramp’s 
Shipyard, 308; to Dawesfield, 300; to 
Stephen Decatur’s home, 308; to 
Disston’s Saw Works, 306; to Doyles- 
town, 304; to Evansburg Church, 290; 
to Fatlands, 290; to Foulke House, 
Penllyn, 300; to Frankford Arsenal, 308; 
to Old Frankford, 308; to Main Street, 
Germantown, 300; to Graeme Park, 302; 
to Harriton, 286; to The Highlands, 300; 
to “Indian Walk,’’ 304; to Longwood 
Gardens, 296; to Lower Dublin Aca- 
demy, 308; to Mill Grove, 290; to Old 
Swede’s Church, Wilmington, 292; to 
Site of Paoli Massacre, 285, 288, 289; 
to Penn Treaty Park, 308; to Red Lion 
Inn, 298; to Skippack, 300; to State 
in Schuylkill, 308; to Stenton, 302, 305, 
307; to Trinity Church, Oxford, 306; 
to St. David’s Church, Radnor, 284; to 
St. Tammany’s burial ground, 302; to 
Walt Whitman’s home, Camden, 310; 
to Walt Whitman’s tomb, 310; to 
pay mesborougi: 288; to Wrightstown, 
30: 

Devereux House, 300 

Dickens and Little Nell, statue, 240 

Dickens, Charles, 242, 282 

Dock, Christopher, 44, 164, 252 

Dock Street Market, 265 

Doylestown Pike, 302 

Drew family, 229, 230 

Drexel, Anthony J., 118 

Drexel Building, 274 

Drexel Institute, 140, 242, 282 

Drinker, Edward, 36, 266, 276: 

Dropsie College, 278 

Dunkards, 48, 64, 252 


Eddystone, 212 

Elwyn School for the Feeble-minded, 297 

Entrenchments at Valley Forge, 112 

Episcopal Academy, 164, 280; original 
site of, 166 

Essington, 24, 26 

‘Evangeline,’ burial place of, 264 


316 


274; 











Evans Dental Institute, 118, 166 
Evans House, 188 


Fairmount Park, 40, 268 

Fatlands, 290 

First City Troop, 184, 192 

“First in war, first in peace, etc.,’’ 56, 276 

First white child born on Philadelphia 
soil, 36, 266, 276 

“Fitch and Fulton and the First Steam- 
boats,’’ Route 14, 145 

Fitch manuscripts, 148 

Fitch Tablet at Hartsville, 150, 305 

Floating Bridge, Market Street, 145, 146 

Flower Observatory, 298 

Forrest, Edwin, 230, 232, 278; grave of, 
60, 230, 276; home of, 234; Home for 
Retired Actors, 230, 234, 308; Stuart’s 
portrait of, 234 

Fort Huntingdon, Valley Forze! 110 

Fort Washington, Valley Forge, 108, 112, 
114, 289 

Foulke House, 300 

Frankford Arsenal, 261, 308 

Frankford, Old, 308 

Franklin, Benjamin, 78, 152, 158, 178, 248, 
267; ‘“Autobiography, ea 92, 236, 2753 
epitaph, 240; grave, 92, 236; home, 92: 
printing press, 250; Boyle’s statue of, 
88, 260, 273 

Franklin Court, 92, 236, 238, 275 

Franklin Field, 82, 282 

88; of 


Franklin Institute, 
“Franklin, In the Footsteps of,” ‘Route 7, 


Franklin, 88 

82 
“Franklin in 1723,’’ McKenzie Statue, 82 
Fulton, Robert, 146, 148 
Fulton’s House, site of, 148; sketch of, 146 
Furness, Dr. Horace Howard, 228, 230, 236 


“George Washington in Philadelphia,” 
Route 8, 93 

“George Washington Sight-Seeing Tour,” 
273 

German Reformed Church, 46, 64 

Germantown Academy, 158, 160, 164, 279 

Germantown, Battle of, 48, 66, 100, 102, 
122, 160 

“Germantown, Founding and Founders of,’”’ 
Route 3, 41 

Germantown Friends’ Meeting House, 44, 
52, 64, 279 

Germantown Site and Relic Society, 44, 
78, 192, 279 

Girard College, 40, 214, 218, 268 

Girard Estate, 218, 267 

Girard National Bank, 132, 214, 266 

Girard Park, 218; Girard School, 218 

Girard, Stephen, 60, 264, 266, 276; farm- 
house of, 214; home of, 214; original 
estate of, 214; relics of, 218; sarcophagus 
of, 218; statue of, 214, 218 

“Girard, Stephen—Patriot and Philan- 
thropist,” Route 22, 213 ° 

“Gloria Dei’? Church, "24, 62 

Godfrey, Thomas, 66, 240 

Godfrey, Thomas, Jr., 232, 240, 264 

“Goldbug,’”’ 240 

Graeme Park, 302 

“Grand Depot, The,’’ 206 

Grant’s Cabin, General, 270; 

Gratz, Rebecca, 236 

Green Tree Tavern, Germantown, 46, 68, 
164, 279, 300 

Gulph Mills, boulder, 114, 289 


“Hail Columbia,” first sung, 182, 230, 274 

Hamilton, Alexander, 136; Andrew, 118; 
James, portrait by West, 156, 200; 
William, 118, 156, 200, 281 

Hancock, General Winfield Scott, 290 

Harmonville, 136, 290 

Harriton Farms, 128, 286 

Hatboro, 150, 305; Library, 305; Loller 
Academy, 305; Monument, 305 

Haverford College, 285, 286 

Highlands, The, 300 

Highway Routes, to and from Philadelphia, 
283 

Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Ac- 
count of, 263, 273; paintings by Ameri- 
can Artists, 200; Lincoln’s Law Library, 
182; Patent of John Key, 36; Penn 
family portraits, 34; portrait of ‘‘Penn 
in Armor,’ 34; Penn relics, 34; Penn’s 
wampum belt, 34, 74; Slate Roof House, 


memorials 


statue, 270 


lock and key, 36; model of, 34: Swedish 
portraits, 22; Washington, bust of, 94; 
Washington, Martha, portrait of, 94, 
200; Washington, portraits and relics of, 
94; portraits by West, 156, 200, 254; 
souvenirs of West, 156 

Historie Facts About Philadelphia, 19 

Historic Routes, Table of, 9 

Hog Island, 26 

Holme, Thomas, grave of, 308; home of, 
38, 275 

“Honeymoon Hotel,’’ 236, 276 

Hope Lodge, 300, 301 

Hopkinson, Joseph, 182, 238, 274 

Horticultural Hall, 269 

Hotel, Bellevue-Stratford, 273; Benjamin 
Franklin, 88, 236, 274; Continental, 236; 
Green’s, 274; Ritz-Carlton, 273; Sten- 
ton, 273; Walton, 273 

Hurrie, William, the bell ringer, 58 


Tlustrations, List of, 314 

Inclined Plane at Belmont, 208 

Independence Hall, account of, 274; clock, 
138; Declaration of Independence 
signed, 86; designed by Hamilton, 118; 
historic portraits, 200; Independence 
chamber, 86; portrait of Benjamin 
Rush, 168; portrait of Charles Brockden 
Brown, 236; portrait of Charles Thom- 
son, 124; portrait of Robert Morris, 
130; West portrait, 156 

“Indians, Relics and Reminders of the,” 
Route 6, 73 

Indian Reservation, 38, 74, 276 

Indian Rock, 80 

“Indian Walk,” 80, 304 

Inman, Henry, 198, 242 

Insurance Company of North America, 
266, 271, 276, 282 

Insurance, first book on, 244 

International Mercantile Marine Com- 
pany, 265 

Inventor of the quadrant, 232, 240 

Irwin, tablet to Nathaniel, 304 

Ivy, The, 304 


Japanese Garden, 269 
dererson, Joseph, 230; birthplace of, 230, 
64 

Jefferson Medical College, 174 

Jefferson, Thomas, 86, 87, 182, 276 

Johnson Houses, 102, 122, 280, 300 

Johnson, John G., collection of paintings, 
182, 202 


Kane, tomb of Elisha Kent, 270 

Keith, Sir William, 302 

Kelpius, Johannes, 200 

Hembe, Fanny, Sully’s portraits of, 198, 


Keneseth Israel, 278 

Kennett Square Meeting House, 228, 297 
Kennett Square, 220, 226, 298 

Keyser House, 46, 48 

Keystone Automobile Club, 311 

King of Prussia Inn, 114, 289 

King of Prussia Tavern, Germantown, 122 
King’s Highway, 104, 292 

Knox’s Headquarters, Valley Forge, 112 
Krider Gun-Shop, 36, 148, 266, 276 
Kunder, Thones, 42; house, 44, 278 


Lafayette Headquarters, Chadd’s Ford, 297 

Lafayette Headquarters, Valley Forge, 110 

Lafayette Monument, 296 

Lafayette, Sully’s portrait of, 200 

“Lansdowne” Washington, 196 

Lapidea, 210 

Laurel Hill Cemetery, 128, 291 

Laurel Hill Mansion, 120 

“Law and Lawyers, Historic Mementos of,”’ 
Route 18, 177 

Law Library, oldest, 178 

Law School, oldest, 166, 178 

League Island, Philadelphia Navy Yard, 
258 


Leech, Toby, 64 

Leidy, Dr. Joseph, Statue of, 168 _ 

“TLeiper, Thomas, and the Beginnings of 
Railroads,’’ Route 21, 203 

Leiper, Thomas, First railroad of, 210 

Lemon Hill, 136, 270 

Lenni Lenape Indians, 80, 304 

“Letitia House,” 40, 267. 

Letitia Street, 38, 236, 267, 269, 275 

Lewis-Fisher-Wharton House, 184, 264 











General Index 


ewe and Clark Expedition, Outfitting, 

Liberty Bell, 5, 274; Yoke of, 252 

Library, New Philadelphia Free, 271 

Lincoln Highway, 306 

Lincoln’s Law Library, 182 

Llanerch Country Club, 298 

Logan, James, 38, 66, 68, 72, 192 

“Log College,’ 150, 304 

Longwood Cemetery, 228, 291 

“Longwood”’ Gardens, 296 

Loudoun, 42, 192, 278 

Lower Dublin Academy, 308 

Lower Germantown Burial Ground, 44, 
122, 278 

Ludwick, Christopher, 62 


Manufacturers’ Club, 273 

Map of Highway Routes, 319 

Map of Philadelphia, 320 

Market, Old Second Street, 186 

Market Square, 46, 78, 279 

ater Square Presbyterian Church, 46, 
52, 64 

Masonic Home, 278 

Masonic Lodge, First, 300 

Masonic Temple, 94, 277 

Masonic Temple, Washington Relics, 94 

Mayors of Philadelphia, Portraits of, 34 

“Medical Practitioners, The Early,” 
Route 17, 167 

Medical School, Oldest, 166, 168, 172, 174, 
282 

Medical Society, Philadelphia County, 168 

Meeting Houses, Abington, 303; Arch 
Street, 52, 56, 276; Birmingham, 296; 
Buckingham, 305; Concord, 297; Frank- 
ford, 308; Germantown, 44, 52, 64, 279; 
Horsham, 303; Kennet Square, 228, 297; 
Longwood, 228; Mennonite, German- 
town, 46, 52, 64, 144, 164, 280, 300; 
Merion, 52, 62, 289; Newtown, 222, 298; 
Springfield, 156; Wrightstown, 80 

Memorial Hall, 202, 269 

Mercantile Club, 278 

Merion Cricket Club, 289 

Mikve Israel, 57, 63, 278 

Mill Grove, 290 

Mitchell, Dr. 8. Weir, 118, 168, 236, 240, 
281 

Mint, United States, 260; mileage to, 259 

Modjeska, Portrait of, 234 

Moore’s Cottage, Tom, 192, 240 

Morgan, Dr. John, 166, 172, 174 

Morris, Anthony, 246, 248 

“Morris, Robert, and the First Banks,” 
Route 12, 129 

Morris, Robert, 62, 116, 190, 250, 273 

Morris, Robert, burial vault, 136, 276; 
caricature of, 130; last home of, 130; 
letter to John Hancock, 132; portraits 
of, 130 

Morris House, 184, 192 

Morris Mansion, Germantown, 86, 
122, 192, 279 

Morris Mansion, Sixth and Market Sts., 
98, 136 

Morton, John, 28; birthplace of, 28, 292; 
monument, 292 

Mott, Lucretia, 303 

Mt. Pleasant, 118, 270 

Muhlenberg, Rev. Henry Melchoir, 48, 62, 
290, 300 

Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel, General, 
48, 62, 290 

Municipal Piers, 12, 14, 148, 214, 265; 
stadium, 19 

“Murders in the Rue Morgue, The,’ 240, 
242, 282 

Musical Fund Hall, 230 


Naaman’s-on-Delaware, 292 

National Farm School, 302 

“National Government in Philadelphia, 
The,’ Route 27, 257 

National Memorial, Valley Forge, 114, 289 

“Naturalization papers,” oldest, 24, 265 

Naval Academy, United States, 259 

Naval Asylum, 259; Naval Hospital, 260 

Neagle, John, 196 

Neglee House, 42 

Neshaminy Presbyterian Church, 150, 304 

“Ninth and Green,’”’ Reading Station, 206 

Norristown, 290 

Norriton, 144 

Norriton Presbyterian Church, 144 

“North American,’’ 82, 250 


SL? 


102, 











North America, Bank of, 130, 250, 275 


Obelisk, Marble, Market St. Bridge, 286 

Octagonal School House, Birmingham, 296; 
Newtown Square, 298 

Old City Hall, account of, 274; American 
Indian Chief, portrait of, by Charles 
Willson Peale, 74; First United States 
Supreme Court, 182; Indian Curios, 74; 
“Penn’s Treaty with the Indians,” by 
West, 14, 152, 200; Red Jacket, portrait 
of, 74; souvenirs of Stuart and Sully, 
202; Treaty Elm, section of, 74 

“Old Glory,’ i making of, 257, 258 

“Old Ironsides,’’ 204 

“Old Schools and Schoolmasters,’’ Route 
ios, they 

Re ec Church, Philadelphia, 24, 52, 

Old Swedes’ Church, Wilmington, 292, 293 

Old Swedish houses, ‘94, 265 

Old York Road, 100, 304 

Oldest Social Club in America, 308, 311 

Oldest House in Germantown, 46, 280 

Oldest Industries, sixteen, 244 

Oldest School Building in Germantown, 48 

“Our Mutual Friend,” 242, 282 

Overbrook High School, New, 286 

“Overhanging Rock,” 114, 289 


Paoli Massacre, 284 

Paper Mill, first, in America, 48, 280 

Pastorius’ Cave, 42, 264 

Pastorius, Daniel, 46, 68, 192 

Pastorius, Francis Daniel, 44, 64, 192, 279 

Pastorius Homestead, 46, 279 

Pastorius, Monument, to Francis Daniel, 
46, 279 

Pastorius Motto, 42, 46, 192 

Paxton Boys, 74, 78 

Peale, Charles Willson, 124, 142, 148, 196, 
198, 200 

Peale, Rembrandt, 146, 178, 200 

Penllyn, 300 

Penn Boulder, Chester, 292 

Penn, Granville John, 74, 190 

Penn House, William, 40, 267, 269 

Penn, John, 36, 74, 190, 268, 276 

Penn, John, home of, 40, 190 

Penn National Bank, 182, 276 

“Penn’s Treaty with the Indians,’’ 

Penn Treaty Park, 38, 80, 267, 308 

Penn, William, 22 

ey William, Memorials of,’’ Route 2, 


Ppauetiean Gazette,” 82, 86, 88, 248 

Pennsylvania Hospital, 174, 263; auto- 
graph letter of Franklin, 84; autograph 
letter of West, 156; ‘‘Christ Healing 
the Sick,’”’ 152, 174; corner stone, 84, 174; 
Penn Statue, 36, 174, 264 

Feansyly ans Memorial, Valley Forge, 114, 

9 

Pennsylvania Museum of School of In- 
dustrial Art, 269 

Pennsylvania Railroad, 16, 18, 204, 271 

Pennsylvania’s First Industry, 30 

Perot, Elliston, 246 

Perot, T. Morris, Jr., 246 

Peters, Richard, 40, 70, 122, 158, 190, 270 

Philadelphia Academy and College, 98 

Philadelphia and Reading Ry., 206, 277 

erie oa Art Museum, 12, 202, 270, 

Philadelphia Club, 273 

Philadelphia Contributionship, 84, 186, 246 

Philadelphia Depot of the Quartermaster’s 
Department, Account of, 258; mileage 
to, 257 

Philadelphia Library Co. account of, 263, 
273; first gift of books to, 244; first 
Secretary of, 244; first Treasurer of, 70; 
Loganian Library, 66; Minutes of 
Indian Conferences, 74, 124; old cor- 
nerstone, 84; Duplessis portrait of Frank- 
lin, 84; sketch of Robert Fulton's 
House, 146; statue of Franklin, 82; 
Stone Tablet, 82; Washington relics, 94: 
Bevan’s Likeness of William Penn, 34; 
William Penn’s Clock, 34; William 
Penn’s Secretary, 34 

Philadelphia Navy Yard, 256, 257 

Cee iter ele Oldest Industries,” Route 
26, 243 

Philadelphia, The Sesqui-Centennial City, 
11; arena of the nation’s past, 11; of 
to-day, 11-17; of toemorrow, 17-18 


74, 152 


Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore 
Railroad, monument of, 212 

Physick, Dr. Philip Syng, 172, 174, 188 

Pine St. Presbyterian Church, 52, 58 

Poe, Edgar Allan, home of, 240 

Poe, Edgar Allan, manuscript, 242, 282 

“Polly,’’ tea-ship, 160 

“Poor Richard’s Almanac,” 92, 236 

Porter Mansion, Norristown, 290 

Port Royal, 308 

Portuguese Hebrew Burial Ground, 236, 
263 

Post Office, account of, 260, 273; mileage 
to, 260 

Powel, Samuel, home of, 98, 116, 178, 276 

Pratt, Matthew, 151, 152, 196, 202 

Presbyterian Church, First, 52, 54, 236, 
274 

Princeton College, 54, 62 

Printz, Mansion of Governor, 28 

Printz, Water-mill of, 30, 281 

“Protest against Slavery,” First, 46, 278 

Protestant Episcopal Church, founding of, 
62, 122 

“Public Ledger,”’ 88, 250, 274 

Public School Building, oldest in Phila- 
delphia, 281 

Pusey House, Caleb, 292 


Quadrant, Inventor of, 66, 240 
“Quaker Academy,” 124, 126 
Queen Christina, 24, 32, 265 
Queen Street, 24, 265 - 


Railroad track, first trial, 206 

Rawle, Francis, 120, 244 

“Raven, The,’’ 240 

Reading Terminal, 205, 206, 277 

“Rebecca,” in “Ivanhoe,” original of, 216 

Religious Liberty, Monument to, 269 

“Revolutionary Mansions, Notable,’”’ Route 
10, 115 

Ridge Road, 102, 290 

Ridgway Library, 148, 150, 168, 315 

Rittenhouse, David, 46, 48, 64, 260, 280; 
birthplace of, 144, 192, 280; clock, 140; 


grave, 142; monument to, 144, 290; 
observation of transit of Venus, 144; 
observatory of, 138; orrery of, 140; 
portrait of, 142 ; 
“Rittenhouse, David, First Practical 
Scientist,” Route 13, 137 ; 
Rittenhouse, William, 46, 48, 64, 280 
“Road-Side,”’ 303 
Robinson House, 292 
Roosevelt Boulevard, 278, 306 ; 
Roxborough Country Club, 291; High 


School, 291; Public School, old, 291 
Rudman, Rev. Andrew, tomb of, 24 
Rush, Dr. Benjamin, 168, 174; Dr. James, 

168; William, 196, 230 


“Sandy Flash,” 220, 221, 222 

“Saturday Evening Post,” 
224, 248, 250, 274 

School for the Blind, Overbrook, 280 

School of Design for Women, 234, 278 

School of Industrial Art, 219 

School System of Pennsylvania, 190 

“Schul-Ordnung,’’ Christopher Dock’s, 44, 
164, 252 

Schuylkill Arsenal, 259; mileage to, 258 

Schuylkill River at Market Street, 286 

Scott, Sir Walter, 236, 242 

Scull, Burial plot of Nicholas, 300 

Seamen’s Church Institute, 266 

Second Street Market, old, 276 

Sesqui-Centennial International 
tion, 313; ground plan, 312; 
view of site, 256; stadium, 19 

Shackamaxon, 38, 56, 78 

Shakespeare, First folio of, 234 

Sharpless, James, Pastel portraits by, 200, 
235 

Shippen, Peggy, 118, 270 

Shippen, Dr. William, 172, 174 

Signers of the Declaration, 200 

Skippack, 300 

Slate Roof House, 36, 66, 276; model of, 34 

Smith, Rev. William, 64, 128, 142, 158, 164, 
200, 236, 276 

Smyth, Albert Henry, 240 

Solitude, 40, 183, 190, 268 

Southern Boundary of Original City, 22, 264 

Southwark, 22 

Southwark Theatre, 232, 264 

Sower Bible, 44, 64, 250, 252 


86, 88, 220, 


Exposi- 
airplane 











General Index 


Sower, Christopher, 44, 64, 250 

Spring Garden Institute, 278 

Spring House School, 308 

St. David’s Church, Radnor, 284, 286 

St. George’s Methodist Episcopal Church, 
52, 56 

St. James’ Church, Evansburg, 290 

St. James’ Church, Kingsessing, 30, 52, 62, 
104, 281, 293 

St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church, 52, 
56, 276 

St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church, 52, 58 

St. Michael’s Lutheran Church, Gtn., 48, 
52, 300 

St. Michael—Zion 
Church, 54 

St. Paul’s Church, 52, 60, 276 

St. Paul’s Church, Chester, 293 

St. Peter’s Church, 52, 58, 96, 186, 264, 
276 

St. Thomas’ Church, 300 

Stamper-Blackwell-Bingham House, 186, 
276 

State in Schuylkill Fishing Club, 308, 311 

State House, 86 

Steamboat, First, 146, 286 

Steamboat service, first, 145, 150 

Stenton, 66, 78, 100, 278, 302, 306 

Steuben, Gen. von, statue, Valley Forge, 114 

Stillé, Charles J., 32 

“Story of Kennett,’’ 220, 222, 224, 226, 228 

Stock Exchange, Old, 266 

Stockton, Frank R., 118, 240, 242, 278, 281 

Strawberry Mansion, 270 

Stuart, Gilbert, 100, 196, 200, 202, 234, 278 

Stuart, Gilbert, portrait, by Neagle, 200 

Stuart Corner in Academy of Fine Arts, 196 

Sully, Thomas, 198, 200, 202, 234 

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 178, 200 

Swan Johnson, Tombstone of, 24 

Swansons, Log Home of, 24 

Swarthmore College, 156 

“Swedes, Landmarks of the Early,’’ Route 
ital 

Swedish Farmhouse, 30, 281 

Sweet Briar Mansion, 136, 190, 208, 210, 
269 : 


Tamenend, Indian Chief, 78, 80, 302 

Tammany’s Burial Ground, 302 

Taverns, hotels and inns: Audubon, 290; 
Blue Bell, 293; Black Horse, Flourtown, 
301; Black Horse, Middletown road, 
297; Black Horse, Norristown, 291; 
Bull's Head, 206; Catalpa, 305; Drove, 
298; Fort Side, 301; Fort Washington, 
301; Fountain, 80, 291, 303; General 
Greene, 305; General Warren, 284, 285, 
289; General Wayne, 113, 114, 289: 
General Wayne, MHolmesburg, 309; 
Green Tree, Germantown, 46, 68, 164, 
279, 300; Green Tree, West Chester, 222, 
298; King of Prussia, 289; Old Buck, 
286; Pine Apple, 297; Providence, 297; 
Red Lion, Ardmore, 285; Red Lion, 
Bristol Pike, 308, 309; Red Lion, near 
Kennett, 226, 298; Spread Eagle, 285, 
286; Three Tuns, 291; Tinicum, 26; 
Turk’s Head, 298; ‘‘Unicorn,’’ 298; 
Warrington, 303; Washington, Chester, 
292, Washington, Holmesburg, 309; 
White Horse, 293; Wheel Pump, 301 

Taylor, Bayard, birthplace of, 226, 298; 
grave of, 228; knapsack, 222; manu- 
scripts, 222; relics of, 222, 298 

“Taylor, Bayard, Tracks and Traces of,” 
Route 23, 219 

Tedyuscung, 80 

Temple University, 278 

Tennent, Rev. William, 150, 304 

“Tent”? Monument, Marble, 291 

“Theatres and Actors of Olden Days,” 
Route 24, 229 

Theatres: Adelphi, 277; Broad Street, 273; 
Arch Street, 230; Chestnut Street, First, 
230, 274; . Forrest, 232, 273; Keith’s, 
273; Lyric, 277; Schubert, 273; Walnut 
Street, 230 

“Thomson, Charles, First Secretary of 
Congress,’’ Route 11, 124 

Thomson, Charles, Indian name of, 126; 
portrait of, 124; teacher, 124, 158; 
tomb of, 128, 270 

Trappe Lutheran Church, 290 

Treaty Elm, 56; Scion of, 36 

Trinity Church, Oxford, 52, 64, 306 

Trumbull, John, 202 


318 


German Lutheran 








Type, First cast in America, 44, 252 

Unicorn Inn, 222, 298; original of, 224 

Union League, 236, 273 

Unionville, 222, 224, 298 

eed States Bank, First, 132, 214, 266, 

United States Mint, 259, 260; First, 138 

University of Pennsylvania, 98, 140, 158 
276; buildings of, 166; College Hal], 
140; Dormitories, 32; first Graduating 
Class, 158; Hospital, 166, 282; Houston 
Hall, 140, 282; Later Site of, 158; Law 
School, description of, 178, 282; Library 
o aD ee eae 82; Medical 

chool, , ; useum, : 

co ltisinal Site of, 158 peedgrecs= 
pper Buryin round, 
280, 300 g Germantown, 48, 

Upsala, 192, 280, 300 

Ursinus College, 291 


ivailey Forge, A Pilgrimage to,’”’ Route 9. 


Van Rensselaer Mansion, 300 
Vernon Monee 192, 279; Vernon Park, 


Wakefield, 192 

Wanamaker Store, 263, 277 

Washington, George, 93, 273; Coach- 
maker to, 102; Funeral oration on, 56, 
276; Headquarters, Chadd’s Ford, 297 
Headquarters, Valley Forge, 110 

Washington Inn, Valley Forge, 110 

Washington Memorial Chapel, Valley 
Forge, 108, 112 

Washington Monument, Fairmount Park, 
104, 270, 291 

Washington Pew in Christ Church, 60, 276 

Washington Spring, Valley Forge, 110 

Washington Tavern, Germantown, 102, 
280, 300 ; 

Washington, Martha, Portrait of, 94, 200 

Waterman Monument, 110, 112 

Weta, the annalist, 98, 128, 148, 150, 

Wayne, Anthony, 
grave of, 284 

Waynesborough, 288 

Wayne Statue, Valley Forge, 108, 114, 289 

West, Benjamin, autograph letter of, 156; 
birthplace of, 156, 296; paintings by, 198; 
portrait of, 152, 196; portrait of Mrs. 

sien ee 196 a 

est, Benjamin—The Quaker Artist,” 

Route 15, 151 2 

West Chester, 220, 222, 298; Public 
Library, 222, 298 

West Chester Pike, 298 

Wharton School, 166, 281 

Whitby Hall, 70 

White, Bishop William, 60, 136, 152, 164, 
200, 276 

Whitefield, George, 82, 92, 158 

“White House, First,’’ 276 

Whitman, Walt, Home of, 310; tomb, 310 

“Wieland,” 235 

William Penn Charter School, 124, 158, 160 

“William Penn Sight-seeing Tour,” 263 

Willing’s Alley, 55, 56, 276 

Willow Grove Park, 302 

Wilmington’s New Civie Center, 292 

Wilson, Alexander, 62, 265 

Wilson, James, 178 

Wilstach Collection of Paintings, 202, 269 

Wissahickon Drive, 280 

Wistar, Dr. Caspar, 172 

Wistar House, 184 

Wistar Institute of Anatomy, 166, 174, 281 

“Wistar Parties,” 172 

Wister House, Germantown, 66, 122, 279 

Wister, John, 68, 192, 279; Owen, 44, 
240; Sally, 122, 240, 279, 300 

Witt, Dr. Christopher, 200 

Woodford, 70 

Woodland Avenue, 104, 281, 292 

Woodlands Cemetery, 116, 281, 293 

Woodlands, The, 116, 281 

Wordsworth, William, portrait of 242 

Wrightstown, 80, 304 

Wyck, 46, 280, 300 

Wynne, Dr. Thomas, 40, 62 

“Wynnstay,”’ 40, 280 


Zion Lutheran Church, 54, 56, 98, 276 
Zoological Garden, 40, 183, 190, 268 


Birthplace of, 288; 


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